1. EXTERNAL PARTS OF
A STEM
Report of : JOCELYN PARBA TABELON

2. STEM FUNCTION
 Support of main body of plant &
leaves.
 Conduct water & food.
 Photosynthesis in new green stems.

4. PARTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
• BUD
- A stem's primary growing point. Buds
can be either leaf buds (vegetative) or flower
buds (reproductive). These buds can be very
similar in appearance, but flower buds tend
to be plumper than leaf buds.

5. • NAKED BUD
–Bud without a protective bud scale;
characteristic of the Viburnum family.
• BUD SCALE
-A modified leaf protecting and covering a
bud.

6. .

7. • LEAF SCAR
- Mark left on stem where leaf was
attached. Often used in woody plant
identification:Heart-shaped scar on twig
where last years leaf grew.
• NODE
- Segment of stem where leaves and
lateral buds are attached:Growth region on
stem. Region around bud or leaf stem

8. • BUNDLE SCAR
- Marks left in the leaf scar from the
vascular tissue attachment. Used in woody
plant identification; Tiny bumps in leaf scar
where veins enter the leaf from the stem
• TERMINAL BUD
- Bud on end of a branch, where all of
next years length (of branch) is added.;
• LATERAL BUD
- Small buds along length of branch
that develop into leaves, lateral branches,
or flowers.

9. • APICAL DOMINANCE
- The terminal bud dominates all other
lateral buds by giving off hormones. If the
terminal bud is cut off, the lateral buds
will grow longer.
• GIRDLING
- Cutting of bark around tree into
cambium layer kills tree (no sap to
roots!).

10. • LENTICEL
-Pores that allow for gas exchange
• NODE
- Segment of stem where leaves and
lateral buds are attached
• INTERNODE
- Section of a stem between two nodes

11. • BARK
- Protective outer tissue that develops with
age. Used in woody plant identification.
• TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCARS or
ANNUAL GROWTH RINGS
- Marks left on stem from the terminal bud
scales in previous years. Terminal bud scale
scars are an external measure of annual
growth. Therefore, they are important in
assessing plant vigor.

12. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!