2. The many failed development interventions in
the 50s into the 90s spurred the introduction of
other development reforms. The “governance”
paradigm was introduced and advocated by the
United Nations (UN), World Bank (WB), Asian
Development Bank (ADB) and other international
institutions. The word “governance” suddenly “has
become something of a mantra in recent years,
uttered by donors, reformers and pundits alike.”
(Frechette 2000: 25)
PA as Governance
(1990s into the 2000)
3. From “governance”, the concept of “good
governance” has emerged and became prominent
in international aid circles around 1989 or 1990. It
served as a general guiding principle for donor
agencies to demand that recipient governments
adhere to proper administrative processes in the
handling of development assistance and put in
place effective policy instruments towards that end
handling of development assistance and put in
place effective policy instruments towards that
end. (Doornbos 2003) when there is good
governance, there is sustainable development..
“Good Governance”
4. An ADB document (2005) affirmed that
good governance is synonymous with
sound development management. They
then identified some key principles of
development which may be considered as
elements of good governance. These are:
accountability, participation,
predictability, and transparency.
5. Basic Elements of Good
Governance
Key Dimensions Specific Areas of Action
1. Accountability means
making public officials
answerable for government
behavior and responsive to
the entity from which they
derive authority
Establishing criteria to
measure performance of
public officials
Institutionalizing mechanisms
to ensure that standards are
met.
•Public Sector Management
•Public Enterprise
Management
•Public Financial
Management
• Civil Service Reform
2. Participation refers to
enhancing people’s access to
and influence on public policy
processes
Undertaking development for
and by the people
• Participation of beneficiaries
and affected groups
• Interface between
government and the private
sector
• Decentralization of public
and service delivery functions
(empowerment of Local
Governments)
• Cooperation with non
government organization
Key Dimensions and Specific Areas of Actions
6. Basic Elements of Good
Governance
Key Dimensions Specific Areas of Action
3. Predictability refers to the
existence of laws,
regulations and policies to
regulate society and the fair
and consistent application
of these • Law and
Development
Establishing and sustaining
appropriate legal and
institutional arrangements
Observing and upholding
the rule of law Maintaining
consistency of public
policies
• Legal Frameworks for
Private
Sector Development
4. Transparency refers to
the availability of
Information to the general
public and clear government
rules, regulations, and
decisions
Ensuring access to accurate
and timely information about
the economy and
government policies
• Disclosure of Information
Key Dimensions and Specific Areas of Actions
Source: ADB, 2005
7. Governance entails a larger scope and has a wider
meaning. Though the term “governance” has
been used to refer mostly to “government,”
when correctly used, “governance” really goes
beyond government. It involves the
institutionalization of a system through which
citizens, institutions, organizations, and groups in
a society articulate their interests, exercise their
rights, and mediate their differences in pursuit of
the collective good. (ADB 1995 as cited in ADB
2005:
8. UNDP describes governance as “the
exercise of political, economic and
administrative authority to manage a
nation’s affairs. It embraces all of the
methods- good and bad – that
societies use to distribute power and
manage public resources and
problems.” (UNDP 1997: 9)
9. • Kofi Annan (1997), in his inaugural speech in the 1st
International Conference on Governance for Sustainable
Growth and Equity in United Nations, New York, in July 28-30,
1997 affirms this when he said that:
“Good governance and sustainable development are indivisible.
That is the lesson of all our efforts and experiences, from Africa
to Asia to Latin America. Without good governance – without
the rule of law, predictable administration, legitimate power,
and responsive regulation -- no amount of funding, no amount
of charity will set us on the path to prosperity…We are fully
engaged in efforts to improve governance around the
world…good governance is indispensable for building peaceful,
prosperous and democratic societies.”
• Annan concluded that “good governance is perhaps the single
most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting
development.”
10. Good Governance
Good governance has eight major characteristics. It
is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable,
transparent, responsive, effective and efficient,
equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of
law. It assures that corruption is minimized, the
views of minorities are taken into account and
that the voices of the most vulnerable in society
are heard in decision-making. It is also responsive
to the present and future needs of society.
Source :The United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
11. Figure 1 Characteristics of good governance
The United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP
12. Cariño (2000), in her reflections on the term
“governance,” identified actors and factors that
pushed for governance. She acknowledges that
governance is not the sole responsibility of the
government per se but the role of the market and
civil society are of equal importance too and should
also be recognized.
She then identified the factors or processes that
pushed for governance and some of these are: the
quest for growth and development, the
environmental movement, globalization and
consolidating peace. These are practically the same
values or virtues found in the UN Charter. Likewise,
governance promotes the virtues of
decentralization, participation, responsiveness and
accountability among others.
13. Based on a long-standing research program of
the World Bank, the Worldwide Governance
Indicators capture six key dimensions of
governance (Voice & Accountability, Political
Stability and Lack of Violence, Government
Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of law,
and Control of Corruption) between 1996 and
present
Source Wikipedia Accessed May 25, 2013
14. The Worldwide Governance Indicators are a
compilation of the perceptions of a very diverse
group of respondents, collected in large number of
survey and other cross-country assessments of
governance. Some of these instruments capture the
views of firms, individuals, and public officials in the
countries being assessed. Others reflect the views of
NGOs and aid donors with considerable experience
in the countries being assessed, while others are
based on the assessments of commercial risk-rating
agencies.
Source Wikipedia Accessed May 25, 2013
15. 2008 World Map of the Control of Corruption Index, which measures the degree to
which corruption is perceived to exist among businesses, public officials and
politicians. Colors range from dark green (90th-100th percentile to light green (75th-
90th percentile), yellow (50th-75th percentile), orange (25th-50th percentile), pink
(10th-25th percentile) and red (0th-10th percentile). Percentile rank indicates the
percentage of countries worldwide that rate below the selected country. Higher
values indicate better governance ratings.
Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kray and Massimo Mastruzzi (2008)
Source Wikipedia Accessed May 25, 2013
16. The Local Governance Performance
Management System (LGPMS) is a self-
assessment, management and development
tool that enables local governments— provinces,
cities and municipalities— to determine their
state of performance and state of
development, using governance and
development indicators.
This is being spearheaded by the
Department of the Interior and Local
Government, through the Bureau of Local
Government Supervision, in partnership with
major stakeholders, i.e. LGU users, national
government agencies, local government leagues,
civil society organizations, business community
and international development partners.
17. This is a project which recognizes LGUs with good
performance in internal housekeeping, particularly in the
areas of local legislation, development planning, resource
generation, resource allocation and utilization, customer
service, and human resource management
and development, as well as, in valuing the fundamental of
good governance.
The Seal advances the primacy of performance,
accountability, transparency and participation. In the 2011
implementation, assessment focused on sound financial
management measured through the absence of an adverse
or a disclaimer COA opinion on local; financial transaction
and on transparency and accountability measured
through the observance of the Full Disclosure Policy.
Seal of Good Housekeeping
(SGH)
18. The LGPMS?
Governance Aspect
• Administrative Governance - Local Legislation; Development
Planning; Revenue Generation; Resource Allocation & Utilization;
Customer Service; Human Resource Management & Development
• Social Governance - Health Service; Support to Education; Support
to Housing & Basic Utilities; Peace, Security & Disaster Risk
Management
• Economic Governance - Support to Agriculture Sector; Support to
Fishery Services; Entrepreneurship; Business & Industry Promotion
• Environmental Governance – Forest Ecosystem Management;
Freshwater Ecosystem Management; Coastal Ecosystem
Management; Urban Ecosystem Management
• Valuing Fundamentals of Good Governance – Transparency;
Participation; Financial Accountability
19. Pangasinan Bags 4 Hall of Fame Awards for Good
Governance. The Regional Development Council
(RDC) conferred four Hall of Fame (HOF) Awards to
the province of Pangasinan for its outstanding
performance in various local governance categories
for year 2010, 2011 and 2012 during the 1st Quarter
Conference of the RDC in Bauang, La Union last
March 12, 2013. Province of Pangasinan received
one of the following HOF awards: Region I Best
Performing LGU in Local Governance, Region I Best
Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Implementer,
Region I Champion for Best LGU Practice, and Region
I Best Project Implementer.
“We will continue
reaping awards.”
Pangasinan News March 17, 2013
Gov. Amado T. Espino, Jr.
20. From the above discussion it should be clear that good
governance is an ideal which is difficult to achieve in its
totality. Very few countries and societies have come
close to achieving good governance in its totality.
However, to ensure sustainable human development,
actions must be taken to work towards this ideal with
the aim of making it a reality.
Conclusion
21. Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez Is there
a Philippine Public Administration or Better
Still, for whom is Public Administration? UP
NCPAG June, 2008
Reference:
