Seliger and Shohamy

1. Data and Data Collection
Determing what constitute data
Steps
1.- To arrive at a clear, precise and
exact of the variables of the study.
2.- The researcher needs to
operationalize the variables, that is
identify specific behaviors which could
provide acceptable evidence for describe
them
3.- The data occur in different forms
such as tests scores, descriptions,
conversations or interviews.
Procedures for collecting data
Observation
The main use of observations is for
examing a phenomenom or a behavior
while it is going on.
Questionnaires
They are self-administered and can be
given to a large groups of subjects at
the same time.
Interviews
The purpose of the interview is to obtain
information by actually talking to the
subject.
Tests
A test is a procedure used to collect data
on subjects´ ability or knowledge of
certain disciplines
Verbal reporting
The procedure is that learners can
provide insightful information on how
learn and function in the second
language in second language acquisiton
field. Three main techniques for eliciting verbal reports
Thinking aloud
Introspection
Retrospection
Criteria for Selection
It depends on whether the
researcher is synthetic or heuristic,
analytic or deductive since the type
of data is usually related to the
design of the research and the
nature of the research problem .
By procedures of a low degree of
explicitness is often done by
means of open and informal
procedures which tend to be
used simultaneously.
By means of procedures of a
high degree of explicitness
involves the use of "formal" and
structured types of data
collections procedures which
determine in advance the
specific focus of the data that
will be sought.
The Data Collection Parameter
The main future is the degree of
explicitness of the data
collection procedure.
The broad and general procedures can
be considered to be of a low degree of
explcitness, while the structured
procedures can be considered of a high
degree of explicitness
Assuring the quality of the data
and the data collection
procedures
Reliability
It provides information whether the data
collection procedure is consistent and
accurate.
Validity
It refers to the extent to which the data
collection procedure measures what it
intends to measure.
Developing Data Collection
Procedures
1.- Converting complex, abstract
variables into measurable ones
2.- Converting the behaviors into
interpretable information
3.- Selecting procedures for
investigating behaviors
4.- Putting the instrument together
5.- Piloting and trying out the instrument
6.- Revising the instrument and use it
Data and Data Collection.mmap - 03/11/2014 - Mindjet