"Converged Communications and IPv6" at LACNIC X May 2007.

1. Converged
Communication
and IPv6
John Loughney
1 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

2. Voice will be the killer app for some time
1300
1200
Mobile Data
1100
Fixed Data
1000 Mobile Voice
Global Revenue € Bn
900 Fixed Voice
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2006
2007
2008
2005
2002
2003
2004
2000
2001
1995
1996
1997
1992
1993
1994
1998
1999
2 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
From: Nokia March 2006

3. But the Mobile Internet is here
Global Mobile Internet Usage and Access
19
30 45
31 35 48
39 38 44 51
37 57
38 43
35
45 52
30
41
66 35
37 47
51 35
47 46 45 23
40 40 23 34
38 38 38 35 28 33
32 31 30 30 29 17
23 14
21
15 15 12 11 9 9 6 6 6 4 4 2
d
Al ia
Sw n g
a
Ja L
ng ly
G ico
Au ore
Sp a
SA
AE
er d
do e
Po nds
Ze n a
i A ia
Eg a
n
g a
y
en
h e an
ey
R in
Tu al
t
K
Fi ce
M il
Fr ia
yp
an
si
BA
li
an
ri
pa
In eec
b
az
G lan
on re
Si Ita
ud d
U
g
a
s
ra
Ko
rk
ge
an
i
et w
ed
ra
ex
ne
ew Ch
In
rt u
U
U
ap
us
Ko
al
rla
Br
m
LO
st
n
N Ta i
r
G
H
Sa
N
% using on phone % have on phone but don't use
3 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

4. Convergence is happening
I am:
16502838068 +358504838068
john.loughney@nokia.com john.loughney@kolumbus.fi
gmail/gtalk:john.loughney jabber:loughney skype:loughney
gizmo:loughney(17476423923) aim:jlghny
yahoo:j_loughney http://www.flickr.com/j_loughney
http://www.geocities.com/j_loughney/
http://research.nokia.com/people/john_loughney/
http://del.icio.us/loughney
And I want to use these on my phone!
4 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

5. IPv4 has a finite lifetime (from 8 May 2007)
• Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 26-Dec-2009
• Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 07-Aug-2010
• Both projections are based on past history, so all bets are off once scarcity starts.
• Expect that the exhaustion event will occur before the end of this decade.
• The impact of exhaustion and trading will affect everyone that gets address
space from a provider.
• A rough ROI calculation for IPv6 deployment based on the IPv4 alternative being
$5-10 per day times the number of devices times the number of employees.
• For more info see
• http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/
• http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_8-
3/ipj_8-3.pdf
5 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

6. So what, you might ask
• We will have 3+ billion cellular phones by the end of 2007
• A growing number are IP capable
• Trend toward Always-On applications
• Push Email, VoIP, IM, multimedia services
• Currently, many operators need to run both a circuit switched
and an IP network. This leads to higher CAPEX and OPEX.
• In the future, services will migrate to IP.
• So the choice is between
• IPv4 with NAT frequent Keep-Alives
• IPv6 and long lived connections
6 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

7. NATs with keep alive messages
• IPv4 Mobile Devices are usually behind IPv4 NATs
• Always on application are becoming more prevalent
• Push Email, VoIP, IM, etc.
• Applications that want to be reachable need to send periodic Keep-
Alives to keep NAT state active
• Current NATs require Keep-Alive from 40 seconds to 5 minutes
• Need to implement for minimum ( ~30 seconds)
• Sending of NAT periodic keep-alive messages decreases mobile device
standby time by several days
• Not a problem for devices with power cords, but for mobile devices it is a
big problem
There should be NO The UDP inactivity timer in NATs causes the public
Client, Private
IPv4 address 1
NATs between the UDP port 6538 to be assigned to a different mobile, if
terminal and the server! the mobile does not send any data within a certain
amount of time, about every 40 seconds …
Client, Private
IPv4 address 2 UDP port = 6538 Server, Public IPv4 address 3
7 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

8. Not All NATs are
created equal
• UDP and TCP timeouts vary widely, a default 30 seconds may be needed for UDP.
• Several different NAT traversal mechanisms are needed
• STUN, TURN, ICE, Teredo
• All bring additional terminal and network complexity
• Additional CAPEX and OPEX
• All NAT traversal mechanism do open some security holes.
• Even worse, you might be behind different NATs at different times of the day
• Home, office, hotspot networks often use different types of NATs.
• Each requiring a different traversal mechanism
• Performance over 3G is even worse
• UMTS radio state management prevents the mobile device from entering
sleep mode, often reducing standby time by days.
• http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~peronen/publications/haverinen_siren_eronen_vtc
2007.pdf
8 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

9. What is Nokia Doing About This?
• Nokia has 3 major operating systems in use
• Symbian is used for the S60 user interface
• The Nokia Embedded OS is found on S40 terminals
• Linux is supported on Nokia Internet Tablets.
• IPv6 is well supported over different radios:
• 802.11 bg are supported in phones.
• GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, HSPDA (which is 3.5G - up to 3.6 mps downlink),
• Wimax will be supported in 2008.
• MIPv4 is available as an add-on, MIPv6 has been demonstrated, DS-MIP is actually needed for
commercial services. DS-MIP is still uncompleted in the IETF.
• SIP is supported, as well as VoIP.
• SIP/SIMPLE support comes in 2H06. NAT traversal is supported.
• Roaming is supported for VoIP, phones can select VoIP over WiFi when WiFi is available
• Several flavors of Enterprise VoIP are supported, as well as 3rd party add-ons for Skype, MSN,
• VoIP support works with Gizmo Project and other services using standard SIP backend.
• In theory, IPv6 should work, but I haven't tested against all the different back-end servers.
• Transition mechanisms are currently not supported, for various reasons, but the major has
been that no one has seriously asked for any to be supported.
9 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

10. For Example …
• Mobile TV is good IPv6 Enabled Service
• DVB-H standard supports both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
• Nokia Mobile TV solution is based on IPv6 only
• This ensures that there will be enough IP addresses for all mobile
TV users
10 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

11. Take-away thoughts
• I want my device to help me to
communication, but I cannot
communicate with an IP address or if
my battery is dead.
• Convergence means taking disparate or
fragmentary elements and integrating
them into a new a new whole.
• IPv6 is the only scalable technology to
enable multiple services,
interconnecting with other networks.
11 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

12. List of Nokia phones supporting IPv6
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp1_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp2_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp2_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp3_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_fp1_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_2ed_1.html
12 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007