3. Outline
●
Social Networks
– What are social networks? Good/Bad/Danger
– Economics of large Internet corporations
– Information dissipation
– Issues
●
On-line marketing and privacy
●
Echo chamber
●
Fake news
●
Addiction
4. Web 1.0 (in the 90's)
ConsumeConsume
ConsumeConsume
ConsumeConsume
Content
Content
Content
Content
Content
Content
Content
Conte
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5. Web 2.0 (In the 00's)
Conte
nt
Conte
nt
ContentContent
contentcontent
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8. Social networks
●
What are social networks?
CC-BY: Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/86530412@N02/7975205041
credit to: http://www.ccpixs.com/
9. Six degree of separation
●
The small-world experiment of Stanley Milgram
– https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-
world_experiment
10. Issues in social networks
●
Communication and interaction
●
Identity and credibility
●
Community
●
Idea and innovation propagation
●
Network economy
●
Social psychology
17. Other connections
Source: (twitter) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Twitter_bird_logo_2012.svg (fair use)
(linkedin) https://brand.linkedin.com/visual-identity/logo
(pinterest) https://business.pinterest.com/en/brand-guidelines
(storylog) from its website
18. Social media
●
What are they?
– Technologies and services that provide sharing of ideas,
beliefs, information, and opinion in social networks
●
Number of users in 2017 (wikipedia[1])
– Facebook: 1,960,000,000 users
– WhatsApp: 1,200,000,000 users
– YouTube: 1,000,000,000 users
– Facebook Messenger: 1,000,000,000 users
– WeChat: 889,000,000 users
– QQ: 868,000,000 users
– Instagram: 600,000,000 users
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media#Global_usage
19. Economy of the Internet
●
Microsoft sales software (and hardware)
●
Apple sales hardware (and experience?)
●
Retail shops sale goods and products
●
How about Google and Facebook?
20. Main revenues
●
Majority of revenues of Facebook and Google
are from advertisement
– Google (almost 90%):
https://www.statista.com/statistics/266249/advertisin
g-revenue-of-google/
https://www.statista.com/statistics/266206/googles-
annual-global-revenue/
– Facebook (> 90%):
https://www.statista.com/statistics/277963/facebook
s-quarterly-global-revenue-by-segment/
21. You are...
●
If you are not a paying customer...
●
Then you are the product of a company
$$$$$
22. The fight for attention
●
NetFlix (a streaming company) said that its
competitor is sleep.
24. Topics related to information
propagation
●
Online Marketing
●
Echo chamber
●
Fake news
●
Addiction
25. On-line marketing
●
Brands would like to reach new and old
customers
●
Using on-line tools, they can
– target on-line users searching for their products
– target on-line users based on locations, interests,
activity traces
26. Big Internet companies follow you at
every step
●
You browse for shops in an on-line shop.
●
They re-appear in your Facebook feed or ads.
27. What does Facebook know about
you?
●
Go to https://www.facebook.com/ads/preferences
28. How big companies learn about
you?
●
You actually give them your data
– Directly
– Indirectly
●
Your email
●
Your messages
●
Your photo
●
Your likes
●
Your connections and friends
●
Other indirect means (that you might not know)
– Browser trackers
30. Trackers in your home
Source: BY-SA by NDB Photos https://www.flickr.com/people/142305740@N05
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Google_Home_sitting_on_table.jpg
Amazon Echo: https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Echo-And-Alexa-Devices/b?
ie=UTF8&node=9818047011
34. Facebook: it is probably not true
Source: https://research.fb.com/exposure-to-diverse-information-on-facebook-2/
35. Why echo chamber is bad?
●
You may have incorrect view of the world
– The one that biases towards what you currently
believe
– Also without echo chamber, it is already hard to
change your mind (cognitive dissonance)
– You may then make wrong decisions
●
Echo chamber may lead to groupthink
39. Evolutionary reason
●
In the past, to survive, our brain was trained to pay
attention to our environment. It craves on stimulus and
awards.
BY-SA-4.0: by Rahulsharma photography
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Bengal_Tiger_at_Kanha_National_Park.jpg
41. With constant feedback and nudges
●
You post something.
– You then see
instantly numbers
of Likes and Shares
increasing.
– You want to post
more.
●
These sites try very
hard to nudge you
to post and share.
10
42. Techniques to give you dopamine
dose
●
Notification
●
Number of Likes, Views, Shares
●
Recommendation (in YouTube)
●
Comments
●
Streaks (in snapchat)
●
Internet Meme
●
Clickbait
45. Other issues
●
Inequality – Inequality of access, Digital divide
●
Credibility
●
Real life engagement problem
●
Ownership
●
Privacy
●
Spamming
●
Trolling
●
Online bullying