Rcjeks halfway open
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Program presentation at ACRL on hybrid OA
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Rcjeks halfway open
- 1. Halfway Open or Halfway Shut? OA Hybrid Journals in Academia
- 2. Fit Quality Speed Author Not So Easily Dismissed Where to Publish? Not a numbers game Openness a minor consideration Impact Factor (Influential + Imperfect) Willingness to pay APC journal quality
- 3. Subscription journals dominate the peer reviewed, high impact pool. APC’s for high impact open access journals on par with hybrid fees. Choice Oregon Health & Science University: • 2011 7% OA • 2010 6% OA • 2009 7% OA Activity • Increased NIH PA enforcement • OSTP Directive • RCUK and Wellcome Trust Mandates PeerJ, F1000Research, eLife Hybrid Model = Low Risk New Models Not So Easily Dismissed Publishing Landscape
- 5. Business Model Transitional Double Dipping Sustainability Transparency Copyright Market Failed Experiment? Tipping Point Roles & Management Underwriters Tracking Third Party Cost Savings? Questions Not Assumptions
- 6. Survey Team Robin Champieux, Scholarly Communication Librarian, Oregon & Health Science University Jill Emery, Collection Development Librarian, Portland State University Kasia Stasik, Regional Sales Manager, Harrassowitz Sarah Beasley, Scholarly Communication Librarian, Portland State University From the collections of the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales www.sl.nsw.gov.au
- 7. Business Models Tracking Adoption Survey Goals Number of Journals PSU & OHSU Uptake
- 8. Original Questions ★ Overview Questions ★ OA Hybrid Costs ★ OA Hybrid discounts offered ★ OA Hybrid Marketing Number of Articles & Growth Rates ★ Licensing models ★ Tracking Still Picture Records Section , Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.
- 9. Questions Begat Questions Follow-Up ★ APC hybrid fee? What does the APC represent? ★ Funding source? Copy of your copyright agreement?
- 10. OA Hybrid Overview Publishers Name of your hybrid OA Program Year Began # of journals Participating (at time of survey) Cambridge UP Cambridge Open 2007 120 out of 297 total Elsevier Elsevier Open Access 2006 1,500 out of 2,700 Nature PG NPG Open 2007 47 out of 84 Oxford UP Oxford Open 2005 110 out of 246 Sage Publications Sage Choice 2006 200+ out of 632 Springer B.V. Springer Open Choice 2004 1,400+ out of 1,945 Taylor & Francis Group T&F Open Select 2006 685 out of 1,600 Wiley/Blackwell Publishers OnlineOpen 2004 743 out of 1,500
- 11. OA Hybrid Costs Publishers OA Hybrid Costs Factors Track Source of APC Cambridge UP STM: $2,700 HSS: $1,350 Production Yes Elsevier $3,000 Production/ competitors No Nature PG $2,620-$5,000 Production/ rejection rates/ Competitors No Oxford UP $3,000 Production/ Competitors Yes Sage Publications $3,000 Varies by discipline No Springer B.V. $3,000 Production No T&F Group $3,250 Production Yes Wiley/Blackwell P $3,000 Not Answered No
- 12. OA Hybrid Discounts Offered Publishers Discount Offered When Consortia Discount? Cambridge UP Uptake has not impacted sub cost Not applicable Not applicable Elsevier Not explicitly given/argue OA still too small % Not applicable No Nature PG Global discount if over 10% or more of content in previous year OA Started in 2010 Site license applied Oxford UP 2013 is discounted based on 2011 OA publishing/mitigation of inflation Started in 2009 Same as institutional discount Sage Monitoring uptake Not yet Not applicable Springer Significant OA uptake means discount to an institution Not given explicitly Each consortia discount is unique T&F Group Calculation related to % of OA in previous yr Not given explicitly If negotiated for Wiley/Blackwell No Not applicable Not applicable
- 13. Number of Articles & Growth Rate Publishers # of OA Articles (at time of survey) Growth Rate Exclusion? Cambridge UP 363 since 2007 1% Society Preference Elsevier 2,750 since 2007 ~8% Society Preference Nature PG 822 since 2007 10% Partner Organizations Choice Oxford UP 4,340 since 2007 10% in life sci 3% in medicine 1.5% in HSS 2.5% in Math Law Case Reports Demand lacking Society Preference Sage Publications 116 since 2007 10% Society Preference Springer B.V. 5,912 since 2009 1.1% Society Preference T&F Group 312 since 2007 6% Society Preference Wiley/Blackwell Publishers 1,864 since 2009 1.2% Society Preference
- 14. Number of OA Hybrid Articles
- 15. Hybrid OA Marketing Publishers Marketing Hybrid OA Cambridge UP Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website Elsevier Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website Nature PG Offered during article submission/ Journal website Oxford UP Offered during article submission/ Journal website Sage Publications Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website Springer B.V. Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website T&F Group Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website Wiley/Blackwell Publishers Offered during article acceptance/ Journal website
- 16. OA Hybrid Licensing Publishers License Used (at time of survey) Cambridge UP CC-BY-SA-NC v.3.0 Elsevier Variety of CC-BY Nature PG CC-BY-SA-NC 3.0 or CC-BY-SA-NN 3.0 Oxford UP CC-BY-NC 3.0 Sage Publications Similar to CC-BY Springer B.V. CC-BY T&F Group OL-BY-NC Wiley/Blackwell Publishers Similar to CC-BY-NC
- 17. Tracking of Hybrid OA Publishing Publishers How is Tracking Accomplished? How Long Has it Occurred? Can a Library get the information? Cambridge UP Order form for main author 2007 No Elsevier Uptake by journal/ funding bodies 2006 No, open to discussion Nature PG License tag on articles 2007 No, trying to get counter 4 stats working Oxford UP Usage tracking 2005 On demand Sage Publications Uptake by journal 2009 No Springer B.V. Uptake by journal 2004 Use AuthorMapper T&F Group Article level 2012 Institutions not consortia Wiley/Blackwell Publishers Uptake by journal Not answered Not answered
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Our work on this project has been motivated by our answer to one question – why is open access hybrid publishing important? We think that hybrid OA publishing deserves our consideration as a transitional pathway to a more open scholarly communication system because where it sits in relationships to author behaviors and the current journal publishing landscape. By consideration, we’re not talking about an endorsement but rather an unbiased evaluation of the business model and its potential. What we don’t think is helpful, is an outright dismissal of the model based on assumptions, however reasonable these concerns. This kind of investigation will produce better conversations with the different stakeholders, including authors, publishers, and librarians and librarians. So, if we take a look at author publication decision making patterns. There have been several recent studies – most recently from Bjork & Solomon, Swan & Brown – that have examined the factors authors look at when deciding where to publish. Above all, it was fit, quality and speed of publication that authors rated as most important when choosing where to publish. Openness is only a minor consideration. Fit is really about readership and not a numbers game, necessarily. Authors have reported that reaching their colleagues in specific, specialized field is sometimes more important than broad dissemination. I think this is important information, as I often “sell” open access as means for reaching a larger audience and this may not resonate with some researchers (Swan & Brown). Quality is also a decisive factor. For better or for worse a journal’s impact factor is often used as a proxy for quality. Impact factor is not just used by authors, but also decision making bodies, such as hiring committees, tenure review boards, funding bodies, etc (Schroter et all, medical journal authors). Finally, we also seen that journal quality – arrived at through these imperfect metrics are a decisive factor for an author’s willingness to pay publishing feeds (article processing charges). quality OA journals, it is still only a small slice of the pie and even smaller if we recognize the influence of the criteria I’ve noted above. relationship to author behaviors & preferences, existing publishing patterns, as a transitional pathway to open scholarly communication system. Author decisions: Openness only a minor consideration – fit, quality, speed of publication most important factors. (Swan & Brown; Bjork & Solomon). Fit/Readership – Not a numbers game, necessarily. Often more important to reach colleagues in their specialized field (Swan & Brown). Journal quality decisive factor for paying fees. Impact factor not just used by authors, but decision making bodies. (Schroter et al, medical journal authors). 2009 STM Report: OA 10% of all peer reviewed journals / 7.5% Scopus indexed journals.
- It’s also important to contextualize OA hybrid publishing within the overall journal publishing landscape. First if we look at choice. As we know, there has been an explosion of high-quality, peer reviewed open access journals. But the slice is still small viewed from the author’s perspective, and in some disciplines, even smaller. OA journals represent about 10% of the titles in the JCR (2009 numbers) and about 10% of the titles indexed in Scopus. Additionally, while the APC’s associated with OA Hybrid publishing are high compared to the average APC for a gold OA journal, they are not significantly higher that the APC’s of the highest impact gold OA journals. Two titles important at my institution, Nucleic Acids Research and PLoS Biology have APC of 2,700 and 2,900 respectively. Next I want to take a closer look at OA publishing activity, using my institution Oregon Health and Science University as an example. While gold OA activity at OHSU is significant it is still relatively minor. Our authors are flocking to the high-impact, speedy OA journals – PLoS One. But only 53 of the 866 our authors published in in 2011 are list in the DOAJ. Moreover, our research administrators while friendly to open access publishing, care more about activity in Nature, Science, Cell, etc. Mandates: NIH- Starting July 1, 2013 delayed processing for non-competing renewals with non compliant pubs. OSTP Directive – Federal research agencies with extramural research budgets of 1 million or greater must create OA strategy, does not specify it has to be PMC model. RCUK and Wellcome Trust – April 1, 2013 – must published with approved publisher (Gold with APC (RCUK will fund with block grants) or green with no more than 6 month embargo and no APC). Heavily influenced by the Finch Report. New Models: PeerJ – author membership model, not APC, F1000 post publication peer review, Number of subscription journals offering hybrid option doubled btw 08 and 2011, with most of the major pubs now doing it. Low risk method for experimenting with OA and possibly making full transition to fully gold journal.
- Library community has regarded hybrid OA publishing skeptically, at best…most often with many negative assumptions. Does this really serve us and the scholarly communication system well, with the understanding that most of us in the room want to help build a more open scholarly communication system.
- To answer this question, need examine to evaluate the model. Asking questions to confirm/refute our assumptions and relate the model to our requirements/aspirations (a more open scholarly communication system). Grouped questions under three categories – business model, market, roles and management. Keywords serve as pointer to questions. Business Model: Is OA hybrid tool for converting subscription journals to OA? How do we ensure we’re not paying twice – define double dipping and highlight it as major concern. What costs does the average hybrid APC represent? Cost of production? Existing publisher revenue/profit? What “kind” of OA are we getting (watered down or full OA)? Market: Existing literature points to slow uptake. Will funder mandates have influence? If a transition full OA, what’s the tipping point? Roles & Management: Who should and can underwrite the cost of OA? Should libraries participate (bigger question than just hybrid). What role can third parties play, such as subscription agents? What is the cost to libraries of hybrid publishing, does it potentially represent a cost saving to libraries to the system?