1. A Topical Approach to LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT John W. Santrock Chapter Six: Cognitive Developmental Approaches

8. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Stage Age Development Sensorimotor 0-2 yrs Experiences and biology combine; concepts of object permanence, habits Preoperational 2-7 yrs Symbolic thinking reflective of use of words and images Concrete operational 7-11 yrs Logical reasoning about concrete events; concepts of conservation, classification, serial ordering Formal operational 11-15 yrs Abstract thinking, logical, hypothetical reasoning, idealistic

10. Substages of Sensorimotor Stage 1 Simple reflexes Sensation and actions coordinated through reflexes (0-1 mo.) 2 First habits. Primary circular reactions Behavior without stimulus, repetitive actions (1-4 mos.) 3 Secondary circular reactions Object-oriented, repetition of actions due to consequences (4-8 mos.) 4 Coordination of secondary reactions Coordinates vision and touch, hand and eye; goal-directed (8-12 mos.) 5 Tertiary circular; novelty, curiosity Purpose in exploration, start of curiosity, interest in novelty (12-18 mos.) 6 Internalization of schemes Ability to use primitive symbols, shift to mental manipulation (18-24 mos.)

13. Infant’s Understanding of Causality Fig. 6.4 (b) (c) (a)

17. The Three Mountains Task Fig. 6.5 View 1 Child seated here (a) (b) (d) (c) View 2 Child seated here (a) (b) (d) (c)

19. Symbolic Drawings of Young Children (a) A 3 ½- year-old’s symbolic drawing. Halfway into this drawing, the 3½-year-old artist said it was “a pelican kissing a seal.” (b) This 11-year-old’s drawing is neater and more realistic but also less inventive. Fig. 6.6

21. Piaget’s Conservation Task Fig. 6.7

22. Some Dimensions of Conservation: Number, Matter, and Length Fig. 6.8

25. Classification: An Important Ability in Concrete Operational Thought Fig. 6.9

41. The End