Tomcat openssl
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The document discusses using OpenSSL to improve Tomcat performance. It describes Tomcat connectors like NIO, NIO2, and APR and how the new OpenSSLImplementation replaces the default JSSE implementation. Performance tests show the OpenSSLImplementation outperforms JSSE, with NIO and NIO2 performing similarly. Throughput is highest for all connectors with larger file sizes. The OpenSSLImplementation enables features like HTTP/2 and ALPN that improve Tomcat.
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Tomcat openssl
- 1. Using OpenSSL to boost TomcatUsing OpenSSL to boost Tomcat Jean-Frederic ClereJean-Frederic Clere
- 2. What I will coverWhat I will cover ● Who I am. ● Connectors – NIO, NIO2, APR – OpenSSLImplementation – HTTP/2 and ALPN in Tomcat. ● Performance tests – With ab and h2load as client load generator. ● Questions?6/27/16 2
- 3. Who I amWho I am Jean-Frederic Clere Red Hat Years writing JAVA code and server software Tomcat committer since 2001 Doing OpenSource since 1999 Cyclist/Runner etc Lived 15 years in Spain (Barcelona) Now in Neuchâtel (CH) 6/27/16 3
- 5. What is a Connector?What is a Connector? ● Tomcat's interface to the world ● Binds to a port ● Understands a protocol and possible upgrades. ● Dispatches requests (example) – protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" – protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" – protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol" 6/27/16 5
- 6. Tomcat ConnectorsTomcat Connectors ● Java Non-blocking I/O (NIO) ● Native / Apache Portable Runtime (APR) ● Java NIO.2 Technically, there are combinations of all of the above with HTTP and AJP protocols. The presentation focuses on HTTP and on NIO/NIO2. 6/27/16 6
- 7. What is new in Tomcat 9 / 8.5What is new in Tomcat 9 / 8.5 ● Property sslImplementationName – Allows replacement of the SSL code ● OpenSSLImplementation (use OpenSSL) ● JSSEImplementation (use JSSE) ● UpgradeProtocol – Allows protocol upgrade from HTTP/1.1 ● HTTP/2 (yes) ● Websocket (cool) / Speedy (no plan to support it). 6/27/16 7
- 8. Why a new SSLImplementationWhy a new SSLImplementation ● JSSE: – Very slow – Missing features: like ALPN (JEP 244: TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation) – Hardware acceleration very partial (like AES in java8) ● Native connector: – Fast but a lot of native code – Use OpenSSL for SSL/TLS. ● New OpenSSL implemetation: – Fast. – Uses only a OpenSSL for native code (no native socket, poller etc). – Works with NIO and NIO2. – Uses OpenSSL for SSL/TLS. (warp, unwarp, handshake etc).6/27/16 8
- 9. OpenSSLImplementationOpenSSLImplementation ● Code orginates from netty-tcnative a forked Tomcat Native ● Prototype (last year): – Done with the BeFriNe University – Tested and ported to tc_trunk last summer ● SSL Configuration compatible with the JSSE connection (*) ● Uses keystores (*) ● Uses SSL BIO to wrap/unwarp, handshake ● Uses java NIO or NIO2 Sockets for the reads and writes ● Automatically enabled when TC native is installed/enabled (*)6/27/16 9
- 10. How TLS is done in TomcatHow TLS is done in Tomcat 6/27/16 10 Tomcat JSSE Con. Javastdlib JSSE SSL Engine NIO/NIO2 Tomcat Native APR JNIs Webserver APR Internals APR Connector OpenSSL OS Sockets JavaC/Native Webserver OpenSSL Impl.
- 11. How does that worksHow does that works SSLContext JSSESSLContext OpenSSLContext SSLEngine SSLContext OpenSSLEngine createSSLEngine() createSSLEngine() wrap() unwrap() getSession() etc... Overrides 6/27/16 11
- 12. How does wrap worksHow does wrap works wrap(plaintext, encrypted) internalBIO networkBIO BIO_new_bio_pair SSL_set_bio writePlainTextData write_ToSSL SSL_write readEncryptedData readFromBIO BIO_read 6/27/16 12
- 13. How does unwrap worksHow does unwrap works unwrap(encrypted, plaintext) internalBIO networkBIO BIO_new_bio_pair SSL_set_bio writeEncryptedData writeToBIO BIO_write readPlaintextData readFromSSL SSL_read 6/27/16 13
- 14. Connector PerformanceConnector Performance ● Compare connectors throughput against each other ● Only static content was compared, varying file sizes ● Run on “fast” machines, 10 Gbps local network ● Tests: – Compare the connectors (trunk) NIO, NIO2 and APR – Using JSSE and OpenSSL – First without “sendfile” 6/27/16 14
- 15. Connector Throughput (c8)Connector Throughput (c8) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 Concurency 8 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughputKbytes/sec 6/27/16 15
- 16. Connector Throughput (c40)Connector Throughput (c40) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 Concurency 40 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughputKbytes/sec 6/27/16 16
- 17. Connector Throughput (c80)Connector Throughput (c80) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 concurency 80 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughputKbytes/sec 6/27/16 17
- 18. Connector CPU UseConnector CPU Use 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concurency 8 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 concurency 40 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concurency 80 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size CPUusage 6/27/16 18
- 19. Connector TC8.5Connector TC8.5 6/27/16 19 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 Concurency 320 tomcat 8.5 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio_jssehttps coyote_nio_opensslhttps File Size Kbytes/second 4KiB 8KiB 16KiB 32KiB 64KiB 128KiB 256KiB 512KiB 1MiB 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Concurency 320 tomcat8.5 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio_jssehttps coyote_nio_opensslhttps File Size CPUusage
- 20. Connector PerformanceConnector Performance ● With sendfile – In fact with TLS/SSL sendfile is emulated 6/27/16 20
- 21. Connector Throughput (c8)Connector Throughput (c8) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 Concurency 8 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughputinKbytes/sec 6/27/16 21
- 22. Connector Throughput (c40)Connector Throughput (c40) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 Concurency 40 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughputinKbytes/sec 6/27/16 22
- 23. Connector Throughput (c80)Connector Throughput (c80) 4KiB.bin 8KiB.bin 16KiB.bin 32KiB.bin 64KiB.bin 128KiB.bin 256KiB.bin 512KiB.bin 1MiB.bin 2MiB.bin 4MiB.bin 8MiB.bin 16MiB.bin 32MiB.bin 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 Concurency 80 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https File Size ThroughtinKbytes/sec 6/27/16 23
- 24. Connector CPU UseConnector CPU Use 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concunreny 8 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concurency 40 4KiB 16KiB 64KiB 128KiB 512KiB 2MiB 8MiB 32MiB 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concurency 80 coyote_apr_https coyote_nio2_openssl_https coyote_nio_jsse_https coyote_nio_openssl_https 6/27/16 24
- 25. Connector PerformanceConnector Performance ● Conclusion: – OpenSSL performs better that JSSE – NIO and NIO(2) give similar results – Emulated sendfile doesn't help a lot (bigger files better). – APR isn't needed – Until Java9 is released OpenSSL is needed for HTTP/2 6/27/16 25
- 26. Questions?Questions? Thank you!Thank you! ● jfclere@gmail.com ● users@tomcat.apache.org ● Repo with the scripts for the tests: – https://github.com/jfclere/AC2014scripts 6/27/16 26