Powerpoint outline for Chapter 8 in The Beat Goes On: Popular Music in America

1. Chapter 8Latin Music in the U.S.

2. First Half of 20th Century Latin music = any Spanish sounding music Music for dancing Originated in US (musicians within the Hispanic culture) Outside Latin community (non-Hispanic musicians) Using Latin elements

3. Slave trade brought Africans to US, Caribbean and Brazil Unlike southern slaves, Latin/Caribbean kept their culture Slaves in southern US were not allowed to have drums Mixture of culture/religion/more rhythmic texture/percussion instr.

4. Latin elements in American pop music3 Phases Exotic novelties – up to 1940 Hybrid/transformed styles – grew out of interpretations 1930-50 Part of the fabric of pop music – 1950s onward

5. First Stage: Exotic Novelty Latin dance music/rhythm entered US by Cuban habanera This is one of the first recorded instances of African influence on European music

6. 1st Dance Fad Tango was first dance fad Irene and Vernon Castle

7. Don Azpiazu (1930) “El Manisero” (the Peanut Vendor) Similarities to swing/sweet touched off widespread enthusiasm for Latin music

8. 2nd Latin Dance Fad Rumba grew out of “son” “Son” – most characteristic style of Afro-Cuban music Rural song/dance form with African/Hispanic elements Rumba – simplified for social dancing Cuban radio – live performers – allowed Afro-Cuban to perform

9. Clave rhythm Is to Cuban music what back-beat is to rock

10. Second Stage Hybrids and Transformations By 1930s Latin influence was prominent in pop music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-didTK_g-Y&feature=related

11. Xavier Cugat (1900-1990) Helped establish a commercial Latin style Latin music’s Paul Whiteman Musicians wore ridiculous uniforms, campy routines, entertainment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-didTK_g-Y&feature=related

12. “Begin the Beguine” (1935) Written by Cole Porter Latin rhythm Very long song Sophisticated melodic construction Percussion give a Latin flavor

13. Latin generated transformations Development of a Latin district Consequence of Spanish-American War Uptown Latin style for Latinos More African sounding Heavier percussion Dense, complex rhythms

14. 3rd Latin Dance Fad: Mambo First to develop on US soil Merged authentic Afro-Cuban son with big-band horns and riffs. Mambo caught on with non-Latin audience 1940s As the mambo entered the mainstream, it watered down

15. Mambo thrived Rumba was not as popular Reason: Presence of a stable, enthusiastic US audience for Afro-Cuban music 1930 was too small to support it

16. Tito Puente – “Mambo King” Appealed to Latin audiences Heavy brass, full Cuban rhythm section

17. “Complicacion” (1958) Successful blend of American and Afro-Cuban elements Chachacha became more popular dance than mambo – simpler, slower

18. 1959 Castro assumed leadership in Cuba US/Cuba severed ties Music/musicians not able to come to US Ideas, influences stopped

19. Bossa nova Brazilian slang for “something new and different” Emerged in Rio 1950s as sophisticated alternative to samba

20. Antonio Carlos Jobim and Joao Gilberto Blended harmonic sophistication of west coast jazz with Brazilian rhythms Bossa craze peaked during the 1960s Lasted only a few years

21. “Girl From Ipanema” Landmark recording 1963 Gilberto and Stan Getz Cool, flat, low-pitched voice Complex offbeat rhythms

22. Tango Dance from Argentina Was first dance craze in US Buenos Aires is to tango what New Orleans is to jazz Music grew in low-life areas Bandoneon – accordion from Germany – signature sound

23. Tango became first Latin dance to achieve a permanent place in American pop music

24. Astor Piazzolla ( 1921-1992) Born in Argentina grew up in NYC Studied in Paris Stretched the boundaries of tango http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUAPf_ccobc

25. “Oblivion” Bass is heart-beat of tango – remains constant Emotional quality similar to the blues – vocal like expression

26. Tejano Music Parallels country music Unlike Cuban music Seldom has percussion complex rhythms Characteristic sounds Accordion bajosexto Oversized 12- string Influenced by Germans – polkas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKZvSz4qs2w

27. “En elcielo no hay cerveza” (“In Heaven, There is No beer”) Flaco Jimenez Traditional tejano styles mixed with modern elements Fun loving party song Contemporary instr. elecgtr/bass