- Pre-Hispanic Philippines had no formal schooling, with an oral tradition focusing on practical skills. During the Spanish period, schools were established but only for Spanish students, with an emphasis on religion. Problems included limited curriculum and discrimination against Filipinos. - Under American rule, a public school system was created with the goal of teaching English. Higher education institutions like UP were also established. During Japanese occupation, schools taught Japanese culture and language in an effort to control the population.

1. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS
OF CURRICULUM
Curriculum Development

2. HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION
Pre-Hispanic Filipinos had no formal schools.
Education was oral, practical and hands-on.
The objective of education during this period was
to prepare children to become good husbands and
wives as well as to become productive members of
the community.

3. SPANISH PERIOD
 The friars established parochial school in accordance with
the primary goal of colonial education to spread
Christianity throughout the archipelago.
 Education during the period was privileged only to Spanish
students.
 The Educational Decree of 1863 was implemented in the
colony which required the establishment of one primary
school for boys and one for girls in each of the major town
in the country.

4. PROBLEMS IN EDUCATION DURING THE
SPANISH PERIOD
 Absence of government supervision
 Over-emphasis on religion
 Limited and irrelevant curriculum
 Obsolete teaching methods
 Poor classroom facilities
 Inadequate instructional materials
 Discrimination against Filipino students
 Absence of academic freedom

5. PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION PERIOD
 The schools closed because of the revolution but re-opened on August
29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior
 President Aguinaldo ordered the opening of the schools
 Primary education was free and compulsory
 Secondary education was provided by the government through the
Burgos Institute of Malolos
 Tertiary education was also provided by the government with the
establishment of the Literary University of the Philippines in October
1898

6. AMERICAN PERIOD
 USA ruled 50 years in the Philippines
 They used education as an instrument to pacify the natives and
eventually colonizing the island.
 The Taft Commission Act No. 74 established the Philippine public
school system for free education and teacher training.
 Recruitment of US teacher and abolition of compulsory religious
instruction
 On August 23, 1901, the first group of American Teachers arrived in
Manila through the Thomas ship

7. AMERICAN PERIOD
 The Thomasites are one of the first American teachers beside the
American soldiers
 The Filipinos learned to speak English and appreciate the American way
of life.
 U.P. was created in 1908 by the Act No. 1870 by the Philippine
Commission and the Philippine Assembly
 The establishment of higher education institution (HEI) was also
encouraged

8. OTHER SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED BY THE
AMERICANS
Siliman university (1901); Negros Oriental
Centro Escolar University; founded by
Librada Avelino (1907)
Philippine Women’s University; founded
by Francisca T. Benitez in 1919

9. AMERICAN PERIOD
 Promising Filipinos were given the opportunity by the American
government to pursue higher education degrees in the United States.
 President Quezon created the National Council of Education in 1936 as
an advisory body on educational matters.
 Its first chairman was Dr. Rafael Palma
 In the 1983, the National Assembly enacted a law providing for the
establishment of national vocational schools in different parts of the
country.

10. AMERICAN PERIOD
 The Adult Education in 1936 started the adult education in 1936
 The National Language was a made a compulsory subject in all schools
in the beginning of school year 1940-1941
 President Quezon issued his famous Code of Ethics which was required
to be taught in all schools.
 Educational Act of 1940 reduced the elementary levels from 7 years to 6
years
 The minimum age for Grade 1 was raised to 7
 School starts from July to April

11. JAPANESE PERIOD
The Japanese occupied Manila on January 3,
1942
The Japanese Military Administration issued
a proclamation order No. 2 in 1942 which
contained the 6 basic principles of Japanese
education in the country

12. SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF JAPANESE
EDUCATION
 Make people understand the position of the Philippines as a member of
the Greater East-Asia Co-prosperity Sphere
 Eradicate the old idea of the reliance upon the western nations and to
foster a new Filipino culture on the consciousness of people as
Orientals
 Endeavor to elevate the morals of the people giving up over emphasis
on materialism
 Strive for the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines and
to terminate the use of English in due course

13. SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF JAPANESE
EDUCATION
Put importance to the diffusion of
elementary education and to the
promotion of vocational education
Inspire the people with the spirit of
love and labor.

14. JAPANESE PERIOD
In June 1942, schools were reopened and
The Philippine Executive Commission
established the Commission of Education,
Health and Public Welfare.
On October 14, 1943, the Japanese-
sponsored Republic created the Ministry of
Education.

15. CHANGES IN THE CURRICULUM DURING
THE JAPANESE PERIOD
 School calendar became longer, no summer vacation
for students and teachers.
 Class size increased to 60 and the Japanese deleted
anti-Asian opinions as well as American symbols,
poems and picture from all instructional materials.
 They banned the singing of American songs and
Nihongo was used as means of introducing and
cultivating love for Japanese culture.

16. OTHER CHANGES DURING THE
JAPANESE PERIOD
Department of Instruction became Department of
Education
Regulation and supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and
Private Schools
Integrated, nationalistic and democracy-inspired
educational system

17. OBJECTIVES OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION
 Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by an abiding
faith in God.
 Develop an enlightened, patriotic, useful and upright
citizenry in a democratic society .
 Conservation of the national resources
 Perpetuation of our desirable values
 Promote the science, arts and letters for the enrichment of
life and the recognition of the dignity of the human person

18. MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
 The Department of Education became the Department of Education
and Culture by the Proclamation 1081
 P.D. No. 1397 changed it to Ministry of Education and Culture
 Bilingual education started 1974
 Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports was created by the Education
Act of 1982 then it became Department of Education, Culture and
Sports in 1987 by Executive Order No. 117
 CHED and TESDA was established
 Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM)