3. COORDINATE SENTENCES
They are joined or linked by coordinating
conjunctions.
Each clause has complete sense.
Syntactically clauses are independent of each
other.
Los futbolistas juegan y los obreros trabajan.
The players play and employees work.
If we separate the two clauses , they continue
having sense.
Los futbolistas juegan. Los obreros trabajan.
The players play. The workers work.
5. • Copulativa
( copulative)
Express a sum or addition. The conjunctions are
usually: y, e, ni.
Ni lo sé ni me importa.
Neither know nor do I care.
Carla siente amor e ilusión.
Carla feels love and enthusiasm.
6. • Disyuntiva
(Disjunctive)
EXCLUSION: if a proposition is true, the other is false
and they are joined by conjunctions: o, u, o bien.
Quiero un vestido bonito, que sea claro u oscuro.
I want a pretty light or dark dress.
7. • Adversativa
(Adversative)
OPPOSITION : What is declared in a clause totally or
partially contradicts what is said of the other. The
linking words are usually: pero, sin embargo, no
obstante, mas, sino (que),antes, antes bien, excepto,
por lo demás, etc.
El día estaba nublado pero lo pasamos bien.
The day was cloudy but we had a good time.
8. • Distributivas.
(distributive)
These clauses indicate alternating actions. Their links
are usually: bien…bien, ora…ora, ya…ya, unas
veces…otras…, unos…otros, este…aquel, aquí…allí…
Mi hermano, ya llora, ya duerme.
My brother, crying, sleeping.
9. • Explicativas
(explanatory)
Some of the propositions explain the meaning of the
other. Their links are usually: es decir, o sea, esto es.
Los hombres somos omnívoros, es decir comemos de
todo.
Men are omnivorous, meaning we eat everything.
10. Yuxtapuestas
(Juxtaposed)
They are those that link without a nexus. They are one
after the other without having a link. They can be:
Coordinates:
Ponte el jersey; tendrás menos frío.
Wear a jersey; you’ll be warm.
Subordinated.
Encienda la luz ;no veo nada.
Turn on the light; I don’t see anything.
11. SUBORDINATE SENTENCES
This type of sentence has an independent clause
joined by one dependent clause; the independent
clause needs the dependent clause to complete a
thought.
Mi padre quiere
los
My father wants
Independent
que nos respetemos los unos a
otros
that we respect us each other
Dependent
12. TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.
SUSTANTIVAS
ADJETIVA O DE RELATIVO
ADVERBIALES
(Noun Clauses in English)
(Adjetive Clauses in English)
( Adverbial Clauses)
13. Sustantivas
(Noun clauses)
A noun clause performs the same functions as a
noun in another phrase. Like a noun, it can play the
role of:
Subject
Direct object
Indirect object
14. Subject:
The whole clause is the subject of the sentences
Que a uno le digan que hacer, es fastidioso.
When people tell you what to do, it is annoying.
15. Direct object:
This clause works as the direct object of the sentence
With the subordinator ”que “
Dijeron que llamarán.
They said that they will call.
Contaron que los habían robado.
They told that they had been stolen.
16. With the subordinator “si”
No sé si él estará en casa.
I do not if he is at home.
With the subordinator “como”
Mira como logró conseguirlo.
Look at how he achieved it.
18. COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO (indirect
complement)
It will have some of the proper dative conjunctions: a,
para, por: other expressions that indicates purpose
can be used such as: a fin de, a fin de que, con el
fin de, etc.
Venimos a dictar la clase.
We come to teach the class.
19. Adjetivas o de relativo
(Adjective clauses)
The adjective clauses are linked to the main sentence
by a relative pronoun, which makes references to a
noun or pronoun in the main clause.
No te entregaron el mensaje que te dejé.
They did not give you the message that I left you.
20. The relative pronoun determine or specify the
substance significance of its antecedent.
Mis amigos recibieron el mensaje.
My friends received the menssage.
The significance or the noun amigo is not determined
or limited, because we want to mean that all the
friends received a message, but if we say:
Mis amigos, que llegaron temprano, recibieron el
mensaje.
My friends, who arrived early, received the message.
21. Adjective especificative sentences.
The clause is crucial or essential to the meaning of
the sentence. It doesn’t go between commas
and it restricts the meaning of the noun it
accompanies:
La mujer que lleva blusa roja es Mariana.
The woman who wore red shirt is Mariana.
In English, these
sentences are
called restrictive
22. Adjective explicative sentences
The clause is simply explanatory, it goes between
commas without restricting the meaning of the
noun it accompanies:
Los asistentes, que llevaban invitados, entraron en
el salón de actos.
Assistants, carrying guests, entered the hall.
In English, these
sentences are called
non-restrictive.
23. Adjective clauses can be introduced by:
Relative
pronouns: Que, quien, el cual, cuyo, como.
Me gusta la forma como lo dices.
I like the way how you say that.
Relative adverbs: donde cuando: donde, cuando,
que resulta.
Lucía es una chica que resulta encantadora.
Lucía es a charming girl.
Impersonal forms: infinitivo, gerundio o participio.
Lo ví llorar.
I saw him cry.
24. Adverbiales (Adverbial
Clauses)
The subordinate clause that modifies the verb in the
main sentence, as an adverb would, do, are called
adverbial clauses. Between the adverbial clauses
are included the following categories:
De lugar
Place
Tiempo
Time
Modo
Manner
Efecto o resultado
Efect or result
Condición
Condition
Concesivas
Concessive
25. De lugar (place)
These clauses are used to talk about the location or
position of something.
La carrera inicia allá donde está Martín.
The run began over there where is Martín.
26. De tiempo (time)
Here we are going to use any adverb that indicates
time. In spanish the most common are: cuando,
cuanto, antes que, después que, mientras, mientras
que, en cuanto, asi que, asi que, etc.
Eran las tres de la mañana cuando nos dijeron la
noticia.
It was three o clock in the morning when they told us
the news.
27. De modo (manner)
In spanish, they are formed with the adverb of
manner como which is the most used, or with the
preposition según, but other expressions can be
used if they indicate manner.
Ellas respondieron como el director dijo.
They answered as the director said.
28. De efecto o resultado (Effect or
result)
These clauses are used to indicate the result of
something, they are formed in Spanish by the
correlative tanto, (tan)…que o tal…que.
Ella está tan nerviosa que se puede desmayar.
She is so nervous that she can faint.
29. Concesivas (concessive)
In these clauses an objection idea to what was said in
the main clause is stated, but this does not prevent
the main idea to be carried out. The conjunction
more used to form this clauses are: aunque, así que,
aun cuando, a pesar de que, si bien.
Aunque no pudiste verlo, Juan estaba allí.
Although you could not see him, John was there.
30. Condicionales (conditionals)
They talk about the condition that needs to be
carried out to execute the main idea in the main
sentence. The conditional clause is linked to the
main clause by the conjunction si, in the same way
the following advebs can be used: as como,
cuando.
Si ganas, te darán una beca.
If you win, they will give you a scholarship.
