Rob Roy

Rob Roy
The virtue in his features coincides with neither that of the revolutionaries nor the bland features of
the bank, which are described just before. He is shown to have a very different honesty and courage
that France lacked and that Victorians would not usually have associated with trade. This forms a
sharp contrast to the revolution and strengthens his purity of character. When he must face the
dangers of France, he does not compromise his honesty or loyalty towards either his business or his
friends. His choices are described in saying, "His own possessions, safety, life, he would have
hazarded for Lucie and her child, without a moment's demur; but the great trust he held was not his
own, and as to that business charge he was a strict man ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Rob Roy, we are presented with Andrew Fairservice who is neither honest nor loyal. He is Frank's
servant throughout the novel who is commonly trying to cheat Frank out of money, despite his
pretences of faithfulness. At one point, he tries to cheat Frank by selling his own horse for one that's
lame and begs money from Frank when Frank tells him to get the other back again. Frank very
nearly falls for this plea, but Jarvie arrives in time and "instantly cut short all debate, by
pronouncing, that if Fairservice did not forthwith return the three–legged palfrey, and produce the
more useful quadruped which he had discarded, he would send him to prison, and amerce him in
half his wages" (Scott). Thus, Jarvie uses his knowledge and understanding of trade to prevent
Andrew from taking advantage of Frank. This happens more than once in the novel and there is such
a contrast between Andrew's dishonesty in business and Jarvie's strict honesty, as well as both their
sense and practicality that Andrew's way of approaching exchange is ridiculous rather than
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Importance Of Model Risk
Model risk is one that results from using models which are insufficient in being able to guess the
right risk for the system. It is the risk of loss that props up from the fact when we make an incorrect
decision in the direction of approximation of risk. Also it is prevalent in more activities other than
financial securities validation etc. There are various kinds of model risks that can arise from using a
model which are: the wrong model which includes inapplicability of the model, incorrect model
specifications. Apart from that model implementation can also sometimes cause an error which is
programming related, or may be technical errors or even using inaccurate numerical approximations.
Also the usage of the model can bring about errors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore the first thing is to gain knowledge about the system and the functionalities that it is
doing. Once we have that then we need to analyse those areas of the production that might lead to a
gap. These gaps can be regarding timelines or also those timelines turning to financial risks.
Also these risks can lead to other risks in areas such as human resources, training and development
and accounting and financing also. Therefore any affected risk can infect other areas of the
organization and can cause an upheaval totally.
The very first thing that needs to be done in such a case is to make sure that we have complete
knowledge of the areas that are affected and how we can fix them. It is only when we have a
complete knowledge of the model that we shall be able to ascertain and then know the gaps that can
later turn into risks for the system. So the first task is to know the overall knowledge which can be
gathered form the research team and the knowledge and product owners. From this team we can
gain a proper knowledge as to how things are planned and the perspective of the things going on in
the organisation. Then comes the environment and release management teams that shall help me
know with the exact knowledge of the timelines (Rebonato, R., 2011).
So the very first course of action will be to sit with the stakeholders and decide the total changes that
are

Risk Management Within The Hospital And Ensure Compliance...
1.6 Risk Management:
Risk management is considered one of the most important parts in healthcare, as it implements
strategies to reduce financial loss and patient safety. Risk management is defined as ' the assessment
and removal or control of hazard to patients, employees or institutions' (Medical Dictionary, n.d.).
Risk management strategies should be introduced throughout the hospital and ensure compliance
from all levels of staff. The strategies are designed to identify, monitor, and manage risks including
fraud while ensuring insurance arrangements are adhered to (Audit and Risk Committee Terms of
Reference, 2015). If any hazard is deemed a risk it must be documented and reviewed, with the
strategy altered to ensure patient and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Financial risk management frameworks are designed to avoid losses and expenses that could impact
the hospital (Moskowitz, n.d.). In Australian the financial risk management team analyses internal
processes to ensure accountability and compliance with the Public Governance Performance and
Accountability Act 2013 (Health.gov.au, 2015). The legislation also takes into account technological
risk management including records management, information security and confidentiality
(Health.gov.au, 2015).
1.7 Financial Administration:
Financial administration is defined as 'the job of managing financial tasks for a company or
organisation, for example controlling the budget, writing financial reports and providing money for
projects' (Dictionary.cambridge.org, 2015). Finances are the bread and butter of any organisation,
they provide employees and resources for the functioning of the hospital which can only be
achieved if money is provided.
Financial administration in public sectors has four main objectives, these include: '1) the collection,
preservation and distribution of public funds. 2) The coordination of public revenue and
expenditure. 3) The management of operations on behalf of the state. 4) The general control of
financial affairs of the government' (Jadhav, n.d.). In order to achieve these objectives a financial
plan, budget and investment decisions must be created to provide a framework for the hospital.
Financial planning refers to

Case Study: Elon Musla
QUESTION 1 A. Elon Musk Elon Musk is helping create a future to spare us from global warming.
A skilled visionary, specialist and industrialist, likewise an organizer of Paypal, has long dreamed of
the crucial advances in solar power, electric cars and space travel. And afterward he went out and
made them real. 1. Characteristics Musk once said "Work like hell. I mean you just have to put in 80
to 100 hour weeks, every week. [This] improves the odds of success. If other people are putting in
40 hour work weeks and you're putting in 100 hour work weeks, then even if you're doing the same
thing, you know that... you will achieve in 4 months what it takes them a year to achieve."(Brown
2013). This proves that he has the discipline to get things ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Meaning, Tesla's electric car products is affordable. The decreasing sustainable energy costs make
Tesla's items more alluring, considering that the business enhances as sustainable power source
arrangements turns out to be more prominent. (Kissinger 2017) The following technological external
factors are significant in Tesla's automotive business: The high rate of mechanical change presents
opportunity for Tesla to improve its products' technologies. Nonetheless, this external factor also
threatens the business in terms of the potential, accelerate obsolescence of technologies used in its
products. (Kissinger 2017) B. ALEX FOURIE In 2007 Alex Fourie started his company, iFix, from
his dorm room at Stellenbosch University. The company helps repair broken and faulty Apple
products, and now employs 125 people across the country. Fourie is the founder and CEO of
RiCharge, a manufacturer and distributor of mobile phone charging stations. 1. Characteristics
Fourie's business, iFix, started from him learning how to repair his Apple device when professionals
told him it cannot be done. It was his willingness to learn and help himself that he was able to have
his own company. (Omar

Derivative Financial Instruments Employed For Risk Management
Derivative Financial Instruments Employed for Risk Management
Credit Risk
Derivatives may be traded either via an exchange (exchange traded) or alternatively, privately
negotiated contracts, which are generally alluded to as Over The Counter (OTC) derivatives.
Exchange traded and OTC–cleared derivative contracts have downgraded Macquarie's credit risk as
their counterparty is a clearing house, accountable for the handling of risk management for their
members to guarantee that the clearing house has sufficient resources to carry out its upcoming
obligations. Members are instructed to produce initial margins in agreement with the exchange rules
in the form of cash or securities, and further present daily variation margins in cash to cover
adjustments in values of the market. Macquarie has exchange traded derivatives with positive
replacement values as at 31 March 2016 of $1,794 million, whereas as at 31 March 2016 of $4,641
million.
For OTC derivative contracts, Macquarie commonly has master netting agreements (usually ISDA
Master Agreements) with specific counterparties to handle and control the credit risk associated. The
credit risk connected with positive replacement value contracts is condensed by master netting
arrangements that in an occurrence of default necessitates that balances with a certain counterparty
covered by the agreement (for example derivatives and cash margins) to be discontinued and settled
on a net basis. Macquarie frequently executes a Credit

Multinational Financial Management by Alan Shapiro:...
CHAPTER 6
Country Risk Analysis
EASY (definitional)
6.1 The degree of political risk faced by a firm operating in a foreign country
a) can be determined by using a political risk index
b) depends on the benefits provided by the firm
c) both a and b
d) depends on how the firm has structured its operations
Ans: d
Section: Measuring political risk
Level: Easy
6.2 One good indicator of political risk is
a) the seriousness of capital flight
b) the level of local interest rates
c) the level of local tax rates
d) a large middle class population
Ans: a
Section: Capital flight
Level: Easy
6.3 Capital flight occurs for several reasons, most of which have to do with
a) government regulations on interest rates
b) high taxes on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a) currency controls
b) privatization of public utilities
c) changes in tax or labor laws
d) regulatory restrictions
Ans: b

Level: Difficult
6.17 Which one of the following is NOT a measure of political instability?
a) the number of political parties in one nation
b) frequency of changes of government
c) the level of violence
d) conflicts with neighboring states
Ans: a
Level: Difficult
6.18 Which of the following foreign investments would be least subject to expropriation?
a) an oil well in an LDC that is providing needed foreign exchange
b) a coffee plantation that is producing beans for export
c) an assembly plant for automobiles located in an LDC
d) a tire making plant in an LDC that is substituting for tire imports
Ans: c
Section: Key indicators of country risk
Level: Difficult
6.19 A U.S. company whose foreign property has

The Difference Of Organizational Structure Between Google...
A structure depends on the organization 's objectives and strategy. In a very centralized structure, the
highest layer of management has most of the choice creating power and has tight management over
departments and divisions. In a much suburbanized structure, the choice creating power is
distributed and also the departments and divisions could have totally different degrees of
independence. Wal–mart's structure is built upon its risk management, safety and claims
management process. Google Inc. has gained much attention and acclaim for its unusual
organizational culture, which is designed to establish loyalty and creativity. Although both Google
and Wal–mart focuses on risk management and they specialized on two different factors. Google
focus more on creativity, loyalty and keeping its employees happy. Wal–mart tends to help
customers by saving money, claims and promoting within the company. The Difference of
Organizational Structure between Google and Wal–mart
Since Google Inc. is known for serving its employee's and keeping them happy while demonstration
outstanding employee support, it safe to consider its motivation theory could be based on Maslow's
Hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs are considered towards Google employees because of the
benefits they receive including food, gym and bus to get to work. The slide at work is another form
of motivation from a social context or perspective. It gives something for the employees to talk
about and discuss, allowing

Risk Management : Financial Crisis
Risk management changed around the world since the bankruptcy of Enron in 2001 however, it was
found by many that it was still not enough since the mortgage crisis of 2007 and 2008 took place
after many risk management safeguards had already been put into place. One company emerged a
leader among all others in what was failing in the mortgage servicing industry. The industry had
sustained unprecedented losses and could be not able to deal with the ensuing financial meltdown
that was about to occur. The company is Ocwen Financial. Ocwen Financial grew tenfold during the
housing crisis due to their unique positioning and expertise in the mortgage servicing industry. It
became the largest non–bank mortgage servicer at a place that many banks such as Bank of America
and J.P. Morgan Chase would soon be placing their mortgage servicing with.
The company is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and was founded and run by
William Erbey until regulators removed him for committing unthinkable acts with this company
forced him out. There was both pure risk and a speculative risk that was taking place. One of the
greatest risk that was taking place within the area of social responsibility, which adversely affected
the company stock price, which was traded at a high of almost $60 per share and now trades at about
five dollars per share. Mr. Erbey one from Forbes Top 400 in the world to being taken off the list
("Forbes," 2015). Will now look at how some of the risks that

Engro Foods Financial Statement 2013
Pakistan is a country with 182.1 million population at the moment. In the whole world, there are
only few countries with huge population. There was a big opportunity to get into the food market, as
to cater a growing population, more resources are needed. Not ignoring the fact that we are an agro
based economy. Besides that, in our country people love to spend money on food. Engro gets raw
material locally.
Introduction
Engro Foods (EFOODS) is among one of the top FMCG organizations in Pakistan. It is one the
fastest and growing company. Engro Foods comes under the umbrella of its parent company Engro
Corporation in 2005. Engro Foods is a public limited company, and is listed at Karachi Stock
Exchange. It trades in an open market. Mainly the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The full Board meets at least four times a year for approval of quarterly accounts and for long term
planning.
We will do an analysis on financial statement of 2013, to clarify the position of Engro Foods and to
discuss some points related to Engro Foods.
Analysis of financial Statement 2013
Engro Foods got capital injections from the Engro Corporations, its parent company. The share
capital increased by 4.2 billion, from 4.3 billion in 2008, to 8.5 billion in 2013. Previously Engro
foods incurred heavy losses, however in 2013 the company's overall equity position strengthened.
The dairy and beverages sections reported a topline of Rs. 40 billion recording a 14% growth over
previous year. Segment backed Rs. 1711 million company's profitability this year recording an
increase of 9%.
Long–term Finances
The company continued to fulfill the capital needs by raising long term loans. Therefore, the long–
term loans have significantly increased over the years. Comparatively, from 2008 till now the long
term loans to equity ratio has decreased. From 51:49 in 2008 to 40:60 in 2013. The Company has
been able to reduce this ratio due to its higher cash generation

Risk and Quality Management
Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary
Kelly Hennessey
HCS/451
02/18/2012
Lauri Rose
Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has
been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post–acute
services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical,
occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center
is to provide comprehensive services to meet the care of the residents and patients. They strive to
meet customer satisfaction daily and follow core values to obtain excellence in care.
Risk management serves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last risk would be financial issues due to insurance issues. "Of 10 million Americans nearly 7
million of them being over 65 rely on some level of assisted care" (Weston 2012). This number does
not include the number of people that are under the age of 65. Many people that rely on long term
care live on disability or social security. These people are living on extremely limited income put
them and their families in mental distress trying to figure out how to pay for the needed care.
"Medicare provides only 100 days of care following hospitalization" (Weston 2012). After the 100
days it then becomes the responsibility of the patient to either pay out of their pocket or use a
supplemental insurance. For many this is an issue as they do not have any other insurance nor do
they have the finances to afford this care on their own. With patients under Medicaid insurance there
is still an issue "Medicaid provides long term care, but only after a patient has deplete his/her
finances" (Weston 2012). So how does this affect the organization itself, now with lack of insurance
you run the risk of not being paid for services already rendered. The other risk involved is that if a
patient is unable to pay for the care themselves then they have to resort to other means of care, now
the organization has empty beds. Empty beds mean that there is not a high need for staff members
resulting in layoffs. All of these risks can in fact the

Do You Understand All The Risks Your Pay Programmes May...
Do you understand all the risks your pay programmes may create? Have you asked yourself the
following questions?
Do you understand all the risks your pay programmes may create?
1.Incentives – are you comfortable that your plans do not encourage 'risky behaviour '? A steep
leverage curve can tempt reckless behaviour; executives overly focused on short–term results can
pose risk to long–term value creation. Separately, executives with significant shareholdings can
become risk–averse and miss opportunities.
2.Termination – have you assessed the tail risk? In many cases holding periods and share ownership
guidelines cease to apply enabling the executive to sell shares post–employment. A large sale could
impact market sentiment and raise questions. In combination with declining business performance
the company could face accusations of payments for failure.
3.Clawback – do the provisions in place provide enough protection? Depending on the nature of the
business, the event requiring clawback may not be apparent until several years in the future. The
event in question may also not even fall within the scope of the clawback provisions and the lack of
ability to act appropriately in such scenarios can pose a reputational risk to the company.
4.Recruitment/retention – have you assessed the talent risk? Failing to retain key talent can pose a
significant risk to the company. Retention bonuses and emergency recruiting can pose both financial
risk and reputational risks.

Food Safety Net Services ( Fsns )
A. As Merna explains, risk is the likelihood of undesirable occurrences happening in allotted time
period (Merna, 2008). Managing risk is a two stage step that involves first, the identification of the
risk and the second, taking care of the risk in a way that is best for the company and it goals
(Investopedia, 2012). Food Safety Net Services (FSNS), is a well–known company in the private
sector that started out in 1994. The company started off, when the owner discovered there was a
need for food testing and the importance it posed for the public. This especially posed an interest
when Jack in the Box faced legal trouble with selling undercooked meat to a customer that caused
the person to become hospitalized. Not only did the government ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Quality risks normally occur, when there are problems with staffing needs, which increase workload
and don't leave enough time for doing things necessary to maintain quality standards set by ISO
17025. Quality standards include logs maintaining temperature throughout the lab, such as in
incubators and fridges used for sample testing and supply storage, culture maintenance, and more.
Macroeconomic risks happen when there are economic downturns that occur suddenly, like in areas
where the company has a strong market foot hold, affecting sales growth. Client demand risk for
FSNS happens when the client needs the results for a particular result and they do not obtain it in a
timely manner causing them to not only lose precise time their product is sitting waiting to be
shipped out to consumers, but also losing money in the process, resulting in possible loss of a client
to competition and revenue loss. Industry consolidation risks cause FSNS to have less bargaining
power and price war. Not only that, it could also lead to inflated mark down on the prices for
particular sample tests. The reason for this risk is consolidation of the market and strategic alliance.
Operation risks occur when a facility isn't operated to set standard that fit into ISO 17025 guidelines.
This occurs by a lack of communication by management with techs and lack of organizing the lab in

Why Financial Risk Management Online
How to Find Financial Risk Management Online
Financial Risk Management Ideas
So as to make a genuine estate investment, you should gauge the risk involved. By managing
financial risks, an organization can concentrate on its key activities as well as operations, instead of
on forecasting rates of interest, exchange rates, and future commodity costs. In a practical manner,
they are not capable of being a perfect market.
Translation risks describe the changes within the value of the foreign asset because of changes in
financial rates, including the foreign exchange rate. Many traders will opt additionally to cut the
position in place of adding to their own account. Investors seek their advantage by considering the
lengthy term.
Life insurance covers risk as a result of premature death together with income after retirement. Over
the last three years SUMIT 's strategies have caused improved loss ratios. There are various methods
to manage loss.
The Pain of Financial Risk Management
Besides that, my organization might have to be accountable to our shareholders as well as the media
too, since we are a local listed company. Today, you might use the assistance of various financial
manager in addition to financial risk management software before you intend to make an
investment. In case you are seriously regarding a career in financial consulting, you have to know
the clients you will be serving.
Service providers make certain you 'll never need to think too much about the

Taking a Look at the Giraffe Award
Caring. Risking. Healing. What do all of these of these have in common? These are all criteria of the
Giraffe Award. The Giraffe Award is given to people who have shown a lot of caring, people who
placed themselves at risk, people whose actions were healing, not divisive, and people who went
above and beyond the call of duty. Six cases have been evaluated. A decision was made and now
only two people will receive the Giraffe Award.
Jerry Foster is a TV helicopter pilot. He gets paid to find news stories, but what he actually does
makes him worthy of the Giraffe Award. Jerry loves to save lives. Saving lives is clearly an act of
caring. He is paid to find stories but he goes above and beyond by saving lives. Sometimes when he
is saving people he forgets to capture the story on film, which puts him at financial risk, because he
could get fired. When he saves people he heals them. Jerry Foster meets all the criteria of the Giraffe
Award which is why he deserves the award.
Dedication and perseverance. Joseph Nicholas and David Francis Sr. have worked very hard to
reinvigorate their language, Maine's Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe language. However they are an
example of two people who are not worthy of the Giraffe Award. The reasons are obvious. They
didn't act out of caring. They just want people to learn their language. That is a selfish reason. Also
they didn't have any risk. They were at no social, physical, or financial risk. Some people might
argue that they went above

Role Of The Executive Officer Of The Chief Officer
The role of business in society is multifaceted in that there is an obligation to its shareholders, its
clients and its employees. In the instance of Margin Call by J.C Chandor, a wide range of
justifications revealed by the upper management level of an investment firm evinces the core values
of the firm. Once it is revealed that there is a high probability of the firm being the devalued beyond
market capitalization, the firm and its division heads attempt to find a solution to the imminent
crisis. Although there is some dissent from Sam Rogers, Head of Sales and Trading, CEO Tuld
promptly decides to liquidate the firm's toxic assets onto the market. However, there is much
internal tension between the chief officers in that they individually represent different predicaments.
In the end, Margin Call illustrates conviction that the role of business is to engender a certain type of
lifestyle for the society through the executives' justifications and interactions with others.
In the first scene of Margin Call, there is a massive unannounced layoff for about 80% of the trading
floor in the investment firm. Though Eric Dale has worked in risk management for many years, the
firm's decline in profits requires that it downsize in order to survive. Will, Head of Trading, tells the
risk analysts to carry on with their jobs despite having most of their co–workers laid off, but he also
jadedly asks if it's the first layoff the analysts have seen. Will is nonchalant about the layoff as

Commerce Is Creating Wealth For Society
The among the many functions of commerce is creating wealth for society. However, it is
questionable if the firm in Margin Call follows through with its role acting in the interests of society
in its bleak predicament. Once it is revealed that there is a high probability of the firm being
devalued beyond market capitalization, the employees of an unnamed company attempt to formulate
a solution to the imminent crisis. Although there is some dissent from Sam Rogers, Head of Sales
and Trading, CEO Tuld promptly decides to liquidate the firm's toxic assets onto the market. Despite
the unanimous direction the firm moves in, there are various sources of internal tensions between
the firm's employees in that they individually represent differing perspectives within the social
context of the firm. Through the various rationales the executives possess as well as the
relationships between the employees and the firm itself, Margin Call illustrates the conviction that
although the role of commerce is to engender a certain lifestyle for the public, the executives in the
firm have warped this belief into a justification for the extreme measures they lead the firm to take
in the name of their profit and their survival. In the first scene of Margin Call, the social hierarchy of
the firm is staunchly established as Will himself is nonchalant about the layoff because he holds a
relatively senior position in the firm and it's evident that he has survived through other layoffs. In

The Equator Principle, A Risk Management Framework...
The equator principle, a risk management framework designed and adopted for financial institutions
that requires those who are bound by this code to carefully measure, determine, and think through
the environmental and social implications of a project and make the proper procedures to ensure that
debtor it is loaning the money to exercise a pretty high standard of care before financing the said
project. The equator principle sets a minimum standard of due diligence to support responsible
decision making for these financial institutions before making a loan.
Currently, there are 80 financial institutions who have adopted the equator principle. Among these
financial institutions is the third largest bank by market capitalisation in Australia ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Phnom Penh Sugar, the sugar plantation behind these dreadful news is a company owned by
Cambodian tycoon and ruling party senator Ly Yong Phat, who with the help from ANZ Bank, has
successfully transformed 20,000 hectares of land in the once peaceful Kampong Speu province in
Cambodia, the country's most impoverished region, into the largest sugar operation in Cambodia.
These news leaves the impression to the public eye, especially the analysts, investors, and
stakeholders, that the banking giant's desire to portray itself as an ethical bank, as a bank that is a
signatory to various internationally renowned standards that are committed to social and
environmental sustainability is less than serious.
Modern times requires the need for modern managers, and these modern managers are required to
have a high sensitivity about issues concerning ethical behaviour and social responsibility due to
increasing pressure from interest groups, legal bodies, government officials, media coverage, and
the public.
A manager's level of thinking about corporate social responsibility ranges from "To make a profit is
the only responsibility of a business" to "It is also within an organisation's responsibilities to assume
responsibility for its impact on society"
Proactive responsibility is present when an organisation assumes responsibilities that go above and
beyond what its immediate responsibilities are

Risk And Financial Impact And Draft Of Management Strategies
Risk and Financial Impact and Draft of Management Strategies
The automobiles industry, it is a risky business. The automobile industries move trillions of dollars
in the United States every year. It is not strange for us to see one or the other automobile industries
asking for a government bailout in order to get out of a hole. Every project depends on a large
volume of money, for instance, a single car project may consume billions of dollars. In addition, the
industry works with negative capital, the return on the investment will be recovered only with the
sales of the cars, (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles – Base Prospectus, 2016, p. 18). In this research paper
we will explore: 1. The risks that Fiat Chrysler Automobiles takes; 2. How FCA changed their
opportunities managing the main risks; 3. Developing market strategies to increase sales; 4. Using
TQM to delineate the market strategies. In the following paragraphs, we will go over each topic to
explain the main risks of a new car project and how to use the Total Quality Management – TQM
principles to develop strategies to overcome the risks. Like other automobile industries, Fiat
Chrysler Automobiles assumes every day risks to maintain the company running. As mentioned
above, the launching of a new car model is a huge risk for the car industry. A project for a new car
involves a large volume of employees, contractors and supplies, a large financial investment, and
according to the Chrysler Financial Report, a new car

Role of Financial Statements in Decision Making
TOPIC: ASESSMENT OF CREDIT RISK IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
THE ABSTRACT
This proposal study explores financial credit risk assessment. This is an important issue because
there is currently no standardized method used by financial institutions for the assessment of credit
risk. There are needs for a critical evaluation of the most popular credit risk assessment methods
such as the judgmental method, credit–scoring and portfolio models along with limitations used.
Survey interview process is needed for confirming that credit risk assessment methods should be
combined for effective credit risk assessment. Accordingly, the study proposes a framework for
improving credit risk assessment, which combines the strengths of these methods and copes ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since information derived from self–assessment can be useful in a wide range of activities from
strengthening risk management systems to formulating business strategy large differentials in
business management are likely to arise among financial institutions depending on the utilization of
this valuable information. As the Bank of Japan has introduced the Tracing Method of asset
assessment and loan losses in order to support financial institutions to maximize the use of their own
assessments as a management tool. The Tracing Method is used to observe changes in the condition
of individual assets in a time series and is one way to utilize financial institutions' self–assessment
of assets. The Bank conducted a follow–up analysis in the recent on–site examination to analyze
how many of the loans classified in the previous examination (1993–94) were later "written off and
others" in relation to financial losses from support by renunciation of claims, and losses from sales
of nonperforming loans to the Cooperative Credit Purchasing Company.
The empirical study using the Tracing Method suggests the following points of importance

Company Risk Management : Pfizer Chief Financial Officer...
In January 2015, Pfizer Chief Financial Officer Frank D 'Amelio said that foreign exchange rates
will hurt 2015 sales by $2.8 billion, or 17 cents a share, if the dollar remains at its current high
levels.
Pfizer operates like most MNCs by most likely utilizing hedging to reduce the volatility spawned by
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. But what you really need to understand is that there are risks
involved in FX hedging itself. Most analysts tend to prefer long–term hedging over short–term
hedging, the long–term variety can lead a MNC to be over–hedged. Understanding FX risk in the
context of enterprise risk management enables finance chiefs to not fall into the trap of over–
hedging their FX risk.
One way to avoid over–hedging is to hedge only the minimum known payment involved in the
future transaction. By hedging a portion of the transactions, a company can reduce the sensitivity of
its cash flows to exchange rate movements without creating serious mismatches between the hedge
and the risk. In this way, ERM – which consists of managers taking a holistic view of their
company's various risks, prioritizing the material ones, and devising ways to curb them – can help
CFOs identify the most volatile foreign exchange rates and reduce some of the guesswork involved
in deciding how much of their foreign exchange risk to hedge.
Companies like Pfizer exposed to the risk of overestimating their future foreign sales, may negotiate
currency hedges that end up being far

Evergreen Woods Health And Rehabilitation Center
Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has
been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post–acute
services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical,
occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center
is to provide comprehensive services to meet the care of the residents and patients. They strive to
meet customer satisfaction daily and follow core values to obtain excellence in care. Risk
management serves to protect patients and staff members by reducing medical errors, remaining up
to date with state and federal regulations. As well risk management protects staff and patients by
eliminating hazards within the organization. Quality management serves the purpose to ensure that
patients are receiving the best care available. In the organization Evergreen Woods risk and quality
management plays the same role as it does in any other health care organization. Being that this
center is an in–patient facility serving many different patients with many different health issues
there are many different risks involved in the daily operation of the organization. Key concepts of
risk and quality management within Evergreen Woods rehab while are undefined to the public it is
noticeable to any person that is involved in the organization whether it be a

Chuck E Cheese Mexico
. In accordance with this analyse it seems that the Mexican market is ready to welcome such a
service in its food industry. Therefore, by adding these market knowledges to the benefits of the free
trade agreement, such as free market entry cost and reduced taxes, it seems that Mexico is a very
friendly business environment and attractive market for Chuck E Cheese's franchises.
Social and demographic environment
The Mexican society enjoys a very young population. Indeed, 27.59% of its population is under 14
compared to 18.99% in the US (CIA Factbook – Mexico). In fact, according to the OECD, Mexican
household are the second largest in the OECD area with 4.03 persons per household. In addition to
those elements, the CIA Factbook also shows that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Again, Coface rated Mexico financial risk as A4 (Coface – Mexico synthesis). This means that even
though the risk is not critical, companies can face difficulties within different transactions.
First, while the inflation percentage was only 2.8% in 2015 it appears to be reaching 4% by the end
of 2016. A high percentage of inflation affects the currency exchange rate by weakening it and
therefore decrease the power of consumption of households.
Secondly, the Mexican society appears to be a fairly unequal society with a GINI index of 48.3 in
2008 which make Mexico the 25th less equal country in the world. Plus, the share of population
under the poverty line reaches 52.3% of the population (CIA Factbook – Mexico). For a food and
entertainment company like Chuck E Cheese's this could mean that less Mexican are likely to be
able to afford this service even though the service matches the

Risk Management Program For A Financial Institution . As
Risk Management Program for a Financial Institution As time has shown, financial institutions
undertake an abundance of uncertainty causing unpredictable risk consequences. As a result,
executives instill risk management programs to assist in managing the organizations risks so they
align with the company's goals. Commonly sought goals include legal and regulatory compliance,
tolerable uncertainty, survival, business continuity, earnings stability, profitability and growth, social
responsibility and economy of risk management operations. Through the implementations of goal
oriented programs, an organization can effectively minimize risk uncertainty. All organizations
including financial institutions encounter risks from each risk ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, outdated technology would impact the facilities ability to prevent cyber–attacks,
compete with competitors, provide superior customer service, and maintain workplace efficiency.
Additionally, events influencing the economic and political environment could impact financial
stability for the organizations. External environmental hazards include extreme weather conditions
that affect customer and employee safety. In addition, factors within ABC Community Banks
internal environment include communications channels, as well as, the facilities culture.
Communication channels impact the institutions policies, procedures and trainings, which when
inadequate may cause work place errors. Moreover, assessing the culture will determine the general
attitude and viewpoints of employees (Elliott, 2012). In scanning the environment of ABC
Community Bank, the organizations can identify areas of weakness and adapt, in order to maintain
tolerable uncertainty, while increasing business continuity and ultimately survival. Therefore, ABC
Community Banks internal and external analysis will provide the groundwork for creating a risk
management program that aligns with the organizations goals and risk aptitude.
Identifying Risks Through the examination of ABC Community Banks environments, both internal
and external risks of the organizations can be identified. External

Financial Risk Management
JONATHAN MUROMBA
2012178104
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Management of Financial Institutions and The Banking Crisis
Risk is uncertainty. The more risk one takes, the more he or she stands to lose or gain. One cannot
expect high returns without taking substantial risks.
The outcomes are thrown open to uncertainty. In general, when we talk about risk, we focus on
financial risk. In financial terms, it is the risk that a company or individual could lose some or all of
the original investment, possibly resulting in inadequate cash flow to meet financial obligations. All
wise investments follow risk consideration. To be successful, every investor must be able to identify
and understand the types of risk they face across their entire portfolio. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It had been widely known that problems with the banks in the US were due to the phenomenon of
sub–prime lending for housing. Many of the loans had turned into toxic assets as borrowers failed to
meet repayments.
Similar to Northern Rock, the banks continued to give loans in this manner as they too chose to
securitize their loans because this method of trading appeared so profitable. This was a highly
successful mechanism to operate until the number of defaulters increased to the point where these
assets began to turn illiquid. Investors started to avoid securities as it was now evident many were
flawed. Moreover, Northern Rock in their quest for greater financial returns found securities that
attractive they also invested in them.
With trading slowing in the financial markets, many institutions began to react to the impending
crisis by taking a more cautious approach to lending. In comparison Northern Rock were so focused
on returning profits and generating growth that, at a time when monetary policy was tightening
faster than expected, the bank had agreed to issue a tranche of mortgages at interest rates that were
lower than those it had to eventually pay in the markets to finance them (The Economist, 2007,
Lessons of the fall, 20/10/2007). In hindsight, this was a disastrous decision, which contributed to
the impending shortfall in cash and ultimately the need to be bailed out.
The managerial failings of Northern

Corporate Incentives for Hedging and Hedge Accounting
Abstract
The aim of this term paper is to supply an analysis on the rationales for corporations to apply
hedging and hedge accounting. In order to do so, P. M. DeMarzo and D. Duffie's paper "Corporate
Incentives for Hedging and Hedge Accounting" published 1995 will be reviewed and analysed.
This term paper will start with a short review of the literature on corporate risk management and
hedging policies and then move on to a description of the model developed by DeMarzo and Duffie
and its rationale. Then, their findings and propositions will be presented followed by the conclusion.
Literature Review
"Corporate Incentives for Hedging and Hedge accounting" by P. M. DeMarzo and D. Duffie is a
paper published 1995 in The Review of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2008, Muller and Verschoor, published a study on 471 non–financial European firrms from the
UK, Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. In this study they aim to investigate the informational
effect of disclosing derivative positions. It is an interesting matter since European firms did not
disclose any of this information until 1990. The study focuses on the usage of foreign exchange
derivatives while also investigating the condition in which a firm decides to employ these
instruments and to which extent. Even though they have found evidence of the firms using
derivatives, their study presented weak results in terms of informative effect of derivative position
disclosure.
Model
DeMarzo and Duffie build a model in their paper in order to illustrate the relationship between
investors, accounting information and managers' incentive. It involves other factors such as the
choice between accounting and economic risk hedging, derivative position disclosure, firm
reputation and volatility of managers' future wages. To illustrate their interaction consider the
following graph:
Description of the Model
DeMarzo and Duffie's model builds upon the one from Holmstrom and Ricart i Costa (1986). The
time frame is two periods. Total profits without hedging after period 1 is denoted as X+ θɛ, where
X=a+e+m is a profit component dependent on project quality e and manager's capability a as well as

Lehman Brothers : Financial Failure
Lehman Brothers' Bankruptcy
The history of the Lehman Brothers' is prestigious and long. America's wealth owed its beginning
from the Lehman Brothers. Many companies from the US such as the Campbell Soup Company, and
American Airlines, among others, obtained a greater level of financing from the Lehman Brothers.
The Lehman Brothers had become one of the biggest investment banks on Wall Street. In 2008, the
Lehman Brothers filed the chapter 11 bankruptcy, after which its attempts to find a buyer seemed
unsuccessful.
Assess the factors that contributed to the financial failure of the firm, indicating how management
failed to manage the risk related to each factor.
A company can fail due to a number of reasons. However, the Lehman Brothers ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The warnings of managing directors and talented researchers were not put into consideration by
these leaders.
The Board of Directors
As noted in the above context, the board of directors followed instructions from the top. They did
what Dick Fuld told them even though it was not appropriate. The company was failing in its
operations even with availability of the Risk Management Department. The board of directors knew
the irrational nature of the markets but was ignored by Dick Fuld. This reflects the lack of corporate
governance in reference with the operational risks that were evident in Lehman. In addition, Dick
Fuld was stopped at noting in his efforts to keep the stock price high. The duty of the Lehman's
board was to sign off the decisions that were made by the CEO. The CEO and the chairman were
one in the same. Fuld chaired majority of the committees and his enabled his preferences to be
considered.
The Management Team
Joseph Gregory was part of Lehman and the second in command after the CEO. He had worked
with this company for 34 years. He was noted to be a yes– man. This means that he did want the
CEO said even if it was not fit for the company. Gregory had passion for minority issues compared
with the corporate issues. He and the CEO never cared about the company even when the company
was reporting losses and the fall in stock. It is noted that Gregory was later removed from the
company and

Reviews on Financial Risk Management
A Review on Financial Risk Management Tianshu Hou FMRM 0811 Dec. 2011 【Outline】 I.
Introduction II. The definition and types of financial risk III. Risk management and the theoretical
foundation IV. The process of financial risk management V. The challenges faced by the modern
financial risk management theories 【Abstract】 Financial risks are exposures of uncertainties for
those participants in financial market. Financial risks can be divided into four categories: market
risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and operational risk. Risk management has become more and more
crucial for a market participant to survive in the highly competitive market. As the development of
the global financial market, there are many phenomena that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Liquidity risk arises from situations in which a party interested in trading an asset cannot do it
because nobody in the market wants to trade that asset. Liquidity risk becomes particularly
important to parties who are about to hold or currently hold an asset, since it affects their ability to
trade. D. Operational risk. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed
internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Nowadays, the study and
management of operational risk is getting more attention. The organizations are trying to perfect
their internal control to minimize the possibility of risk. At the same time, the mature theory of other
subjects, such as operational research methods, are also introduced to the management of
operational risk. Overall, financial risk management is a process to deal with the uncertainty
resulting from financial markets. It involves assessing the financial risks facing an organization and
developing management strategies consistent with internal priorities and policies. Addressing
financial risks proactively may provide an organization with a competitive advantage. It also ensures
that management, operational staff, stockholders, and the board of directors are in agreement on key
issues. III. Risk Management and the Theoretical Foundation Financial market participant's attitude
towards risk can be basically divided into the following categories. A. Avoid risk. It is irrational for

Components Of A Risk Management Program
Every healthcare organization, no matter how small or specialized, should be aware of its risk
situation and take appropriate measures to protect itself against clinical, financial and operational
exposures. Risk management is the process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing
systems to identify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse
occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that
their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in
application to insurance in order to avert or minimize financial liability (Duckers, Faber, Cruijsberg,
Grol, Schoonhoven, & Wensing, 2009).
Components of a Risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Communication: To anticipate risk management pitfalls and opportunities, the risk management
professional must be an insider who is provided with information on proposed mergers, acquisitions,
and joint ventures early in due diligence process. Equipped with such information, the risk
management professional is in position to advise senior management on the risk management
implications of various new business arrangements.
Coordination: Risk management professional needs to establish reporting and communication
relationships with key individuals within the organization.
Accountability: Every health care organization's risk management professional, including those in
small institutions that have job duties in addition to risk management, should have a written job
description that outlines key risk management responsibilities. Risk management professionals
should be accountable of their performance.
How the Risk Management Process Can Reduce Organizational Risk. Health risk management
program protects the organization against risk associated with accidental losses, regardless of the
loss. Some of the risks are patient center–care–related risk, medical staff–related risk, employee–
related risk, property– related risk, financial risk, and others. Risk management process helps the
risk management professional set priorities and assists in ensuring a comprehensive risk
management effort. The risk management process consists of five steps:
Identify and

Business Risk
A risky business
Dodie: We are all here now. As you know that Zelal Sulen is our new boss now. After she took up
the official post, she found that Hi–Style is out of touch with its target consumers and is losing
direction. As the member of manager consultants, for this point, today we need to think out at least
two options to advise her to improve the situation. Am I understood? And think a while... Okay, let's
make a start. Who want to speak first?
Lily: Well, in my opinion, Hi–Style could allocate £10m to new investment in the business. For
example, it could improve distribution and sales through an exclusive agreement with a major
retailer, which could provide a steady marketing channel. Second, to launch new product ranges
with major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So next, we will discuss which one is best and select the second choice. Let's start with Lily's option.
We called the option Organic Growth. What do you think about it ?
Kelly: I think ,Such investment, to some extent, costs too much. And it will also undergo financial
risks. Besides, the exclusive agreement is a single way, it may get press from the major retailer. In
the mean time, not all brand development consultants can make brand image improved.
Lily: yes, it's true. Every coin has two sides.it can't be denied that option 1 will offer a chance to
heighten its competitive strength. Such investment is obvious in Hi–Style's fovor as to optimize its
structure. Employing brand development consultants may also accelerate its brand revolution,
improving its former brand or even building a new better one.
Dodie: It sounds reasonably. So, what about the second option, the acquisition of smartwear?
Ann: Unfortunately, the company is in financial crisis. Last month, Smartwear made deliveries
worth 2 million to two new customers in the Far East that have just gone into liquidation and the
stock has disappeared. Worse still, there has been bad press about working condition in overseas
factories. The financial risk is also a big problem.
Serena: But it will offer Hi–Style many new opportunities. Firstly, it can help expand business in the
field of work clothes. Moreover, Hi–Style can make full use of its good sale agents and strong

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Primary And Primary...
Primary and secondary data collection methods The researcher needs different methods to collect
the data for their research, so the main method that I used it is secondary data collection. In this
section, I will explain each method, and I will provide some advantages and disadvantages for it.
Firstly, primary method means when the research collect the data directly through communication
with participants or observation, and the researcher did it. There are different types of a primary
method such as interview, questionnaire, focus group interview, and Delphi techniques (scarff,
2013). The advantage of this approach is, it related and focused on the problem to achieve specific
goals without wasting the resources. Also, it's more accurate and original because there is no bias
and it collected by the researcher. However, the disadvantages are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 2014, the rate increased dramatically to nearly 90%, and that because of their liability too much.
In contrast, the rate in 2015 dropped to 89.4%, and that means the bank manage their debt and
control their credit risk.
Years Liability Assets LTA ratio
2013 AED 290,383,115 AED 325,061,656 0.893
2014 AED 338,135,330 AED 376,098,712 0.899
2015 AED 363,345,154 AED 406,356,807 0.894
Return on Assets This ratio means how much the company earns before they paid their interest and
taxes, this ratio helped to know how the bank can be more efficient in used their assets to generate
profit before paying the obligation. The formula for this ratio is ROA=EBIT/Total assets. The figure
below was calculated by NBAD, so as you can ROA was 1.51 in 2013 and continued increased in
2014 till it reached 1.59 in 2014, but the figure dramatically decreased till 1.34 in 2015. NBAD was
stronger in 2014 as they generate high ROA compare it with the two years that help the bank to be
more profitability and attract a lot of

Risk Management Task 1a
JIT Task 1 Risk Management
Risk Management
From the last decade risk management is the most researched and exciting area in the financial
industry as it elaborates how to minimize and avert the hazard of risk from the portfolios of different
assets and from the operations of financial institutions. Regulators and depositors mainly emphasize
the risk management and according to them risk management is an essential ingredient to enhance
the value of shareholders and increase their level of confidence. Risk management is the assessment
of risks to mitigate, monitor and control the probability or impact on uncertain events. Risk
management methods vary from industry to industry for instance it cannot be same for project
management, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Companies and
governments operating in the complex economic environment of the 21st century must contend
with a broad range of risks. Some do so in an adhoc or reactive fashion, responding to risks as they
appear, whilst others are proactive, planning in advance the risks that they wish to assume and how
they can best manage them. Since it has become clear over the past few years that risk can be
financially damaging when neglected, anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that institutions
increasingly opt for formalized processes to manage uncertainties that can lead to losses. Risk can
be classified in a number of ways and though we do not intend to present a detailed taxonomy of
risk, a brief overview is useful in order to frame my discussion. To begin, risk can be divided
broadly into financial risk and operating risk. Financial risk is the risk of loss arising from the
movement of a market or performance of a counterparty and can be segregated into market risk (the
risk of loss due to movement in market references, such as interest rates, stock prices or currency
rates), liquidity risk (the risk of loss due to an inability to obtain unsecured funding or sell assets in
order to make payments) and credit risk (the risk of loss due to non–performance by a counterparty
on its contractual obligations). A rise in funding costs, an inability to sell financial assets at carrying
value or the default by a counterparty on a loan are examples of

Essay on Case Study Analysis Oultine 2015 Foldrit
Title of Case
Author of Case (the person(s) who wrote the case)
I. CASE PROTAGONIST
Name, position, and title of protagonist – Jose Ramos, VP of Manufacturing
Name of company. Nature of company – FoldRite Furniture Co.
Educational and professional background of protagonist.
II. RELAVANT FACTS (these subheadings are specific to FoldRite)
a. Economic Environment – Although in a deep recession, FoldRite is experiencing a welcomed yet
unexpected demand for their products.
b. Company History – FoldRite was founded in 1987 and at that time only offered folding banquet
tables. This product was light yet durable and was the base for their expansion into similar products.
Soon after this FoldRite released foldable tables and stackable chairs. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
inventory costs less as well ii. implications, non–financial – fatigue which declines quality and yield
1. may not appeal to all employees, decrease in moral, not long term solution iii. risks – if the
demand is not accurate the use of overtime is for nothing
b. Solution 2 – Increase staff temporarily
i. implications, financial – hiring skilled workers costs $1500 in recruiting and administrative
expenses. ii. implications, non–financial – more risk if demand not met iii. risks – if demand was not
met firing new workers would be demoralizing.
c. Solution 3 – Changing designs
i. implications, financial – 15,000 one–time charge, saves money save worker, increases quantity
that you can produce ii. implications, non–financial – one month to fully implement. iii. Risks –
none
d. Solution 4 – Increase inventory
i. implications, financial – Money that is sitting when credit is tight ii. implications, non–financial –
Minimal only if demand is accurate, warehouse capacity, taxing machinery iii. risks – With credit
expense carrying a low inventory would cause concern, need to replace machinery
e. Solution 5 – Subcontracting
i. implications, financial – add 20% to cost of labor of products. ii. implications, non–financial – do
not have to commit to minimum order iii. risks – unnecessary use of finances, no control over
quality

V. CONCLUSIONS – rank the options 1–5 with 1 being the highest in terms of risks versus
benefits, as well as how well it aligns with

Implementing A New Software Or Equipment Or Launching Your...
You'll also need to research the current competitive landscape in order to understand whether the
proposed idea or action is viable. Whether you are implementing a new software or equipment or
launching your own new product, you need to compare the proposed product or service with other
similar items on the market.
This might mean you need to compare the feasibility of your chosen software (for example,
accounting platform) with other products on the market. What are the benefits of your proposed
choice and what are the weaknesses? Are the risks associated with your chosen software smaller or
bigger than those of competitive products?
The same analysis applies when launching a new product. Part of your feasibility study must then
focus on understanding what the customers are looking for and whether your proposed idea answers
these needs. You should also compare the proposed product with the existing products or services
and focus on the advantages, as well as disadvantages, you might have.
Step 4: Examining the market conditions
You also need to examine the market conditions. There are four specific points of analysis when it
comes to the market in terms of feasibility. These are:
Defining the target market.
Studying the buying habits of the target market.
Understanding the sale and market share outlook of the proposal.
Outlining the product awareness that is required for the use of your product or service.
The main goal of this part of the feasibility study is

The Development Of Enterprise Risk Management Essay
1.3 The Development of Enterprise Risk Management
This section will briefly discuss the development of ERM especially the emerging factors that
influence companies to shift from TRM to ERM. The researchers will discuss both the academic
literature and the role of professional.
(D 'Arcy, 2001) proposed that the origin of risk management was developed by a group of
innovative insurance professors Robert I. Mehr and Bob Hedges in 1950s . The objective of risk
management at that time was to maximize the productive efficiency of the enterprise. At that time,
risk management was specifically focused on pure risk and speculative risks.
According to (Skipper & Kwon, 2007) , in the 1970s, when the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries decided to reduce production in order to increase the price, financial risk
management became an interesting issue highlighted by firms because the increment in oil price has
affected the stability of exchange rates and the inflation rate .
Later in 1980s, political risks attracted more attention from multinational corporations as a result of
different political regimes in different countries. For example, when the government announced a
new policy, investors and corporations must make decisions to reduce political risk (Skipper &
Kwon, 2007). According to (D 'Arcy, 2001) during that era, organizations did not properly apply
risk management because they did not apply the risk management tools and techniques such as
options. Therefore, the cost

Pros And Cons Of Exxon Mobil
Financial risk is the possibility that the company's cash flow proves inadequate to meet its financial
obligations. It is also the term for many different types of risks related to the finance industry. There
are many types of financial risks. The most common ones include credit risk, liquidity risk, asset
backed risk, foreign investment risk, equity risk and currency risk.
ExxonMobil's financial and operating results are subject to a variety of risks inherent in the global
oil, gas, and petrochemical businesses. ExxonMobil have the risks within and not within the
Company's control which could negatively impact Exxon Mobil Corporation's financial and
operating results, or its financial condition.
Supply and Demand
The oil, gas, and petrochemical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is operating facilities or making products in most of the world's countries and explore for oil and
natural gas on six continents. More than 80% of its earnings are generated from non–U.S. markets.
With high performing operations and global integration, ExxonMobil is one of the best positioned
firms to provide against a change in commodity prices. Moreover, the diversity of its operations and
a various geographic footprint is a key component for managing unpredictable political risk and
protecting against regional economic

Financial Risk Management
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Financial Risk Management using Derivatives; A case of selected financial institutions in Uganda
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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Abstract
The RAP examines the management of financial risks using derivative instruments in the selected
financial institutions in Uganda. Three key research objectives were examined. These included; an
examination of the institutions' objectives for financial risk management, an ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary source of interest rate risk stems from timing differences in the repricing of bank assets,
liabilities, and off–balance–sheet instruments. These repricing mismatches are fundamental to the
business of banking and generally occur from either borrowing short term to fund long–term assets
or borrowing long term to fund short–term assets.
Financial derivatives provide banks with an effective way to manage interest rate risk without
incurring additional capital charges. Derivatives can be used to hedge asset and liability positions by
allowing banks to take a position in the derivatives market that is equal and opposite to a current or
planned future position in the spot or cash market. Therefore, regardless of the movement in prices,
losses in one market will be offset by gains in the other. Banks can also take a derivative position
uncovered by potential earnings or losses. In this case they are speculating on interest rate changes
that the market doesn't anticipate. 1.3 The financial services industry in Uganda
Uganda's financial services industry which mainly comprises the Banking, Insurance, Microfinance
and investments sectors remains dominated by the banking sector. The banking Sector has been
described as generally sound and well capitalized. The sector has experienced tighter BOU
supervision, more stringent requirements and higher capital requirements with the

Value At Risk And Risk Management
Value at Risk Framework or VAR framework is mainly used for financial risk management or
financial mathematics in measuring the risk element on a definite portfolio of financial assets,
present in any economic organization. This particular portfolio comprises of time event and
probability, which states the threshold of the risk loss value over the period of time. These risk loss
values are assumed to be according to the market to market pricing, no trading and normal market
which contributes in this risk valued portfolio. The risk management of Value at Risk is done by risk
managers which are responsible for measuring and controlling the risk levels that are present in an
organization. Considering the modern portfolio theory, the third constituent of portfolio is amount of
investment which then creates a mean–variance framework risk. This framework risk is defined in
terms of possible variation in the expected portfolio which will describe the risk value loss in
financial assets of an economic organization.
The Value at Risk framework and management help an organization in analyzing the risk loss in the
financial resources, which increase its use in many businesses, organizations and institutions.
(Hassan, 2009) The organization use this VAR framework in analyzing the potential losses in many
risk management ideas which include stress testing, backtesting, expected shortfall, tail conditional
expectation and economic capital. These are the few important ideas that have been

Financial Aspect Of Climate Risk Management
Financial Aspect of Climate Risk Management
Climate change is a lethal and destructive force. In the recent past major climatic events like floods,
tsunamis etc. have led to substantial destruction of wealth. Such events have highlighted the need of
mechanisms for risk sharing of the losses and restoring the lost human and infrastructural capital.
The climate change agreement declared on December 12, 2015 was one of the highlights of the year.
It showcased the resolve of various nations in fighting climate change. It was a welcome change
from Copenhagen.
Climate Change and its Effects
The major target for financial sector is to provide jobs, economic welfare to the thriving population,
without damaging environmental balance. It is the role of the financial sector to help in managing
climate risk and help society recuperate from it. Any climate risk directly or indirectly affects the
financial sector in a huge manner. Whenever a climatic catastrophe occurs, the number of insurance
claims rise exponentially. Global Insurance claims have risen from 5.1 billion US dollars annually in
the 1970's to 27 billion US dollars per year in 2014.
Figure 1: Losses due to various climate scenarios Source: World Resources Institute
Climate variability also affects agricultural sector in a major way. It affects food availability and
security and may lead to rise of poverty as well. As a natural calamity affects the agricultural sector,
it leads to loss of income of agriculture

The Objectives Of Senior Management
This is a type of risk that the CRO must assess within the goals of business continuity. The objective
of senior management is to be continuing operations as normal and business interruption risks affect
the ability of the organization to continue operations normally. The CRO should identify the
activities or accidents that would possibly interrupt business, determine the resources available
internally to deal with the loss, and ensure that any resources identified would be available to assist
with this unlikely event (Elliot, 2012). Securing this type of insurance seeks to transfer the risk of
business interruption by providing some mechanism for compensation to the bank and to its
employees should a loss occur.
Enterprise Risk Management Using Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) techniques to assess risks
for the risk management program involves managing risks together as an overall risk program. It
differs from traditional risk management that looks at risks individually and manages each risk
separately. By integrating the traditional risks that are insurable risks into an ERM program, aids the
organization in implementing a strategic risk management program that encompasses the hazard
risks along with financial risks, operational risks, and strategic risks into a comprehensive risk
management program for the bank.
Financial Risks Financial risks are important for the CRO to address through the risk management
program. According to Elliott (2012), financial risks

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