History of Law

1. Goal 6: The Law

2. Influences on American Law Code of Hammurabi Ten Commandments English Common Law Roman Law (Jurisprudence)

3. Code of Hammurabi Definition First set of written laws with punishments Influence Breaking the law = consequence ex: death, cut off hand

5. Ten Commandments Definition Set of moral laws Ex: don’t kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat Influence Established moral laws in America Ex: don’t kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat

6. English Common Law Definition English courts use previous cases to decide crimes and punishments Influence The use of precedence in American court system

7. Roman Law (Jurisprudence) Definition The study of the law as a profession Influence Law School, Lawyers & Judges

8. The 4 Types of Laws Common/Civil Law Criminal/Statutory Law Administrative Law Constitutional Law

9. Common/Civil Law Description Laws that deal with conflicts between people Examples Divorce Law, injunctions

10. Criminal/Statutory Law Description A state penal code (statute) Example Theft, arson, assault, robbery

11. Administrative Law Description A law created by a government agency Example Restaurant ratings, ‘bleeped’ words on the radio

12. Constitutional Law Description A Law created by the Constitution Example No poll tax (24th Amendment), segregated schools (14th Amendment)

13. Government Agencies

14. Center for Disease Control CDC promotes health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability

15. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) The CIA is an independent agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior US policymakers. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is nominated by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.

16. CPSC protect consumers from risks of injuries associated with products

17. Federal Aviation Administration FAA regulates aviation to promote safety and operates a system of air traffic control

18. FDA Regulates food, dietary supplements, prescription drugs, cosmetics and medical devices (makes sure these products are safe to consume for use)

19. Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA strives to reduce the loss of life and property from all hazards, including natural disasters and acts of terrorism by teaching people how to get through a disaster, will also help people get back on their feet after a disaster

20. Federal Communications Commission FCC regulate communication, including radio, television, wire, satellite and cable

21. US Citizenship and Immigration Services USCIS regulates immigration and naturalization services. Settles immigrant visa petitions, naturalization petitions, and asylum and refugee applications.

22. Internal Revenue Service IRS helps Americans understand and meet their tax responsibilities. Applies the tax law fairly to all

23. Drug Enforcement Administration DEA enforces controlled substance laws. Investigates and prosecutes violators of controlled substance laws. The DEA also seeks prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate violence in our communities

24. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives ATF Regulates the firearms and explosives industries to prevent terrorism, reduce violent crime, acts of arson, and illegal trafficking of alcohol and tobacco products.

25. Law Enforcement and Informing the Public Turn to page 3 of your qualifier

26. Law Enforcement Find your Law Enforcement graphic organizer we have already completed and put them in your notes. You have 7 minutes to get this completed!

27. Law Enforcement Agencies

28. Police Jurisdiction Town or City (CMPD) Job Carry out the everyday tasks (traffic, arrests, 911 calls)

29. Sheriff Jurisdiction County (Mecklenburg) Job Serve warrants, oversee jails, transport prisoners, courthouse security

30. State Trooper(Highway Patrol) Jurisdiction State (N.C.) Job Patrol interstates, enforce commerce laws, assist local police

31. State Bureau of Investigation(SBI) Jurisdiction State (N.C.) Job Investigate criminal activities that deal with more than one part of the state

32. Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) Jurisdiction Country (U.S.) Job Investigate criminal activities that include more than one state

33. Drug Enforcements Agency(DEA) Jurisdiction Country (U.S.) Job Investigate and arrest in drug related crimes

34. Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms(ATF) Jurisdiction Country (U.S.) Job Catch criminals of alcohol, tobacco, or firearm use

35. Secret Service Jurisdiction U.S. and rest of World Job Protect the President and other top officials Investigate counterfeiting (fake $) crimes

36. Law Enforcement CHALLENGE!!! Decide which law enforcement agency will be involved in the following scenarios. Don’t show your answers until told to do so. This way you are protecting your team.

37. Scenario #1 Jeremiah is driving an tractor trailer down I-77 30mph over the speed limit. STATE TROOPER

38. Scenario #2 A warrant is out for the arrest of Jasmine who robbed two old ladies on Sunday. SHERIFF

39. Scenario #3 A farmer in Cabarrus County is growing an illegal substance in one of his fields Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

40. Scenario #4 There is a Timbaland concert at Bobcats Arena and traffic needs to be controlled. POLICE

41. Scenario #5 Two murder crimes, one in Charlotte, the other in Wilmington, have been linked together. STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (SBI)

42. Scenario #6 A wine maker is transporting bottles across the country without the proper permit. Alcohol Tobacco and Firearm (ATF)

43. Scenario #7 Terrorists in New York are talking to terrorists in Los Angles about another attack on the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

44. Scenario #8 There is a riot in uptown Charlotte after the Panthers lose the Super Bowl by 1 point. POLICE

45. Scenario #9 CMPD needs help finding Ms. Huckaby, who fell off a boat on Lake Norman. STATE TROOPER

46. Scenario #10 Black market DVD’s a being smuggled into the U.S. along the eastern states. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)

47. Scenario #11 Snipers are shooting innocent civilians in Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI) OR ALCOHOL TOBACCO and FIREARM (ATF)

48. Scenario #12 Ms. Nall is being brought to trial for the murder of a student who didn’t do his homework. Security is needed at the courthouse. SHERIFF

49. Scenario #13 Mr. Leichner was murdered in his Mecklenburg County home, but his body was found in a Gaston County park. STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (SBI)

50. Scenario #14 A huge drug bust is about to take place in Charlotte. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

51. Scenario #15 The President is traveling to Iraq to surprise the troops during Thanksgiving. SECRET SERVICE

52. When different law enforcement agencies from two areas of jurisdiction work together to return a suspect to the place of a crime, it is known as _________________. EXTRADITION

53. What is retribution? A criminals payment to society for committing a crime. Prison time, fine, death penalty, re$titution

54. What is re$titution? A criminal pays the victim money as part of his or her punishment DISCUSS: How is restitution different from a fine?

55. What are possible punishments for a convicted Felon? Prison Death Penalty Loss of privilege Restitution

56. What are possible punishments for someone guilty of a misdemeanor? Fine Community Service Probation Jail time

57. What are possible punishments for convicted minor? Juvenile Detention Probation Community Service Boot Camp THE GOAL IS REHABILITATION!!!!

58. The “Full faith & credit clause” Page 3, #4 Allows one states to uphold the laws of another state. EX: A 15 year old S.C. can drive by herself in N.C.

59. What is meant by the statement… “Ignorance of the law is no excuse”? A person who is unaware of the law cannot escape liability for violating the law merely because they were unaware of the law. Discuss: Is this a good policy?

60. Ways citizens can inform themselves of new laws… attend town meetings, public hearings, or public forums media utilizing government publications and websites

61. Ways the government can inform citizens of new laws public debates franking privilege press releases update government publications and websites Examples Click it or ticket campaigns Move over laws

62. Retribution Turn to page 3 of your qualifier!!! Define retribution – Punishment given after being convicted of a crime.

63. Types of Punishments (Retribution) for convicted felon Turn back to page 8 Prison terms of substantial length Loss of Privileges such as professional licenses, public offices, or public employment, driver’s license Capital Punishment-a sentence of public execution Restitution- pay money to the victim or the judicial system

64. Types of punishments- guilty of a misdemeanor Prison lasting usually no longer than 12 months. Sometimes even part time imprisonment, weekend stays, etc.. Community Service Fines Probation

65. Types of punishment – convicted minor (<18yrs) Boot Camp programs instill discipline, education, and civic responsibility in youth offenders. Probation a suspended jail sentence for the convicted to be rehabilitated by the community Community Service House Arrest

66. What is the goal in punishing minors compared to punishing adults?? rehabilitation – to correct the wrong decisions of minors in hopes they will not make bad decisions when they are adults

67. Supreme Court CasesGoal 6

68. Korematsu v. United States (1944) Amendment at question? 14th (equal protection) Story Japanese-Americans forced to move from the west coast to internment camps during WWII Impact Can take away civil rights of a single racial group if protecting national security

69. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) Amendment at question 14th amendment (equal protection) Story White student rejected by a medical school even though his GPA was higher than some minority students. Bakke claimed reverse discrimination. Impact Race can be one of the factors when choosing students for a diverse student body. Quotas (a set number) are not allowed.

70. New Jersey V. TLO (1985) Amendment 4th searches and seizures 14th equal protection Story Accused of smoking in bathroom, was searched and had cigarettes, marijuana, and evidence that she was dealing drugs. Claimed evidence obtained by “unreasonable” search Impact Schools can search as long as there is a “reasonable suspicion” do not have to prove “probable cause”

71. Roe v. Wade (1973) Amendment 9th (right to privacy) Story Texas woman challenged the state law forbidding abortion Impact Court upheld a woman’s right to choose whether or not to end her pregnancy through the 1st trimester (1st 3 months)

72. Texas v. Johnson (1989) Amendment 1st (freedom of speech) Story Man arrested for burning a flag which violated Texas state law Impact Flag burning is protected under free speech/protest

73. What types of cases does the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction? Disputes between states Conflicts with foreign gov’ts or officials

74. What are the two sides of a civil trial? Plaintiff v. defense What do these two sides usually end up doing about their dispute? Why? Settling outside of court because court fees are expensive