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Chapter13
- 22. Expressed Emotion Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this non-verbal language of emotion universal?
- 26. Hindu Dance In classical Hindu dance, the body is trained to effectively convey 10 different emotions. Network Photographers/ Alamy
- 29. Analyzing Emotion Analysis of emotions are carried on different levels.
- 30. The Effects of Facial Expression If facial expressions are manipulated, like furrowing brows, people feel sad while looking at sad pictures. Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips touch causes the brow to furrow. Courtesy of Louis Schake/ Michael Kausman/ The New York Times Pictures
- 31. Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) isolated 10 emotions. Most of them are present in infancy, except for contempt, Shame, and guilt. Lew Merrim/ Photo Researchers, Inc. Nancy Brown/ The Image Bank Tom McCarthy/ Rainbow Patrick Donehue/ Photo Researchers, Inc. Marc Grimberg/ The Image Bank Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works Michael Newman/ PhotoEdit
- 32. Dimensions of Emotion People generally divide emotions into two dimensions.
- 33. Fear Fear can torment us, rob us of sleep, and preoccupy our thinking. However, fear can be adaptive – it makes us run away from danger, it brings us closer as groups, and it protects us from injury and harm.
- 34. Learning Fear Watson (1878-1958) We learn fear in two ways, either through conditioning and/or through observation . By Monika Suteski
- 35. The Biology of Fear Some fears are easier to learn than others. The amygdala in the brain associates emotions like fear with certain situations. Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine and Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) at UCLA. Art and brain modeling by Amanda Hammond, Jacopo Annese, and Authur Toga, LONI; spider art by Joon-Hyuck Kim
- 36. Anger Anger “carries the mind away,” (Virgil, 70-19 B.C.), but “makes any coward brave,” (Cato 234-149 B.C.).
- 40. Happiness People who are happy perceive the world as being safer. They are able to make decisions easily, are more cooperative, rate job applicants more favorably, and live healthier, energized, and more satisfied lives.
- 43. Emotional Ups and Downs Our positive moods rise to a maximum within 6-7 hours after waking up. Negative moods stay more or less the same throughout the day.
- 44. Emotional Ups and Downs Over the long run, our emotional ups and downs tend to balance. Although grave diseases can bring individuals emotionally down, most people adapt. Courtesy of Anna Putt
- 45. Wealth and Well-being Many people in the West believe that if they were wealthier, they would be happier. However, data suggests that they would only be happy temporarily.
- 47. Does Money Buy Happiness? Wealth is like health: Its utter absence can breed misery, yet having it is no guarantee of happiness.
- 48. Happiness & Satisfaction Subjective well-being (happiness + satisfaction) measured in 82 countries shows Puerto Rico and Mexico (poorer countries) at the top of the list.
- 49. Values & Life Satisfaction Students who value love more than money report higher life satisfaction.
- 52. Predictors of Happiness Why are some people generally more happy than others?
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Where do emotions come from? Why do we have them? What are they made of?
- OBJECTIVE 1 | Identify three components of emotions, and contrast James-Lange, Canon-Bard and two factor theories of emotion.
- 1) Cannon suggested that body’s responses were not distinct enough to evoke different emotions. 2) Physiological responses seemed too slow to trigger sudden emotions.
- OBJECTIVE 2 | Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system during emotional arousal.
- OBJECTIVE 3 | Discuss the relationship between arousal and performance.
- OBJECTIVE 4 | Name three emotions that involve similar physiological arousal.
- OBJECTIVE 5 | Describe some physiological and brain pattern indicators of specific emotions.
- OBJECTIVE 6 | Explain how spillover effect influences our experience of emotion.
- OBJECTIVE 7 | Distinguish the two alternate pathways that sensory stimuli may travel when triggering an emotional response.
- OBJECTIVE 8 | Describe some of the factors that affect our ability to decipher non-verbal cues.
- OBJECTIVE 9 | Describe some gender differences in perceiving and communicating emotions.
- OBJECTIVE 10 | Discuss the research on reading and misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion.
- OBJECTIVE 11 | Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of emotional expression, and explain how emotional expressions can enhance survival.
- OBJECTIVE 12 | Discuss the facial feedback and behavior feedback phenomena, and give an example of each.
- OBJECTIVE 13 | Name the 10 basic emotions, and describe two dimensions psychologists use to differentiate emotions.
- OBJECTIVE 14 | State two ways we learn our fears.
- OBJECTIVE 15 | Discuss some of the biological components of fear.
- OBJECTIVE 16 | Identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of openly expressing anger, and assess the catharsis hypothesis.
- OBJECTIVE 17 | Describe how the feel-good do-good phenomenon works, and discuss the importance of research on subjective well-being.
- OBJECTIVE 18 | Discuss some of the daily and longer-term variations in the duration of emotions.
- OBJECTIVE 19 | Summarize the findings on the relationship between affluence and happiness.
- OBJECTIVE 20 | Contrast the effects on happiness of the adaptation-level and the relative-deprivation principles.
- OBJECTIVE 21 | Summarize the ways that we can influence our own levels of happiness.