the second post

1. The history of radio

2. • James Clerk Maxwell proved mathematically that it was possible for electromagnetic
waves to travel through free space.
• The first intentional signal was transmitted in an experiment by David Edward
Hughes in 1880.
• In 1888, Heinrich Hertz proved the existence of electromagnetic waves following
Maxwell’s observations.
• Maxwell's theory showed that light and Hertzian electromagnetic waves were the
same phenomenon at different wavelengths.
• Nikola Tesla recognised that Maxwell’s light electromagnetic waves would not be
useful for communication.
• In 1892 the physicist William Crookes wrote on the possibilities of wireless
telegraphy based on Hertzian waves.
• in 1893 Tesla proposed a system for transmitting intelligence and wireless power
using the earth as the medium.
• Amos Dolbear, Sir Oliver Lodge, Reginald Fessenden and Alexander Popov were
involved in the development of transmission and reception of airborne
electromagnetic waves for work on potential means of communication.
The invention

3. The invention
• In 1878, David E. Hughes noticed that sparks could be heard in a telephone receiver when
experimenting with his carbon microphone. He developed this carbon-based detector further
and eventually could detect signals over a few hundred yards.
• Over several years starting in 1894 the Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi built the first
complete, commercially successful wireless telegraphy system based on Hertzian waves.
• Edison applied in 1885 to the U.S. Patent Office for a patent on an electrostatic coupling system
between elevated terminals. The patent was granted in 1891. The Marconi Company would
later purchase rights to the Edison patent to protect them legally from lawsuits.
• Marconi demonstrated application of radio in military communications and started a company
for the development of radio communication services.

4. The beginning
• The first radio came in the early 1920’s in the United Kingdom.
• The BBC began this station, the first broadcast in 1922. More broadcasts travelled through the
country right through the 1920’s. This channel allowed no adverts.
• The company were the only ones allowed a station, they set the standard in radio and had strict
rules on what was allowed to be broadcasted.
• The first station was very much based around old, classical music for a younger audience, a lot
of talking, discussions and news.
• The station did not appeal to the younger audience, although it was widely listened to because
no other entertainment existed at the time. It was an exciting new technological jump, the first
introduced. The potential it held was enticing, to listen to someone else in a different place
speak to you, inform you of current affairs.

5. Pirate radio
The term ‘pirate radio station’ came from the stations which were set up on boats in the middle
of the ocean. They were, technically legal, which is why it was on a boat. The law was that there
was not allowed to be any other stations in England. The creators went a certain distance away so
that they could bypass the law.
‘Pirate radio generally describes the unlicensed broadcast of FM radio, AM radio, or short wave
signals over a wide range.’
In some cases radio stations are deemed legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where
the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary.
These channels were a lot different to the usual BBC channels. They shared contradictory
information, opened up interesting, political discussions that would have not been allowed on the
BBC. They also appealed to the younger audience. Talking about fashion, playing new music, at
the time rock and roll, pop. It was the 1960’s and new, different music like Elvis Presley and The
Beatles were introduced to society.
The most popular were called ‘Radio Caroline’ and ‘Radio Luxemburg.’
The Government struggled to prevent these Pirate stations from broadcasting.

6. Pirate radio’s changed the industry of radio in Britain massively. Seeing the popularity of them
caused the Government to relax their rules in 1973. This allowed commercial radio to be
broadcasted by other, independent companies. It also meant Pirate radio’s could now broadcast
back in Britain, with legal rights. Adverts were now allowed, industries begin to rise in popularity
due to radio.
BBC released other channels;
Radio 1: Aimed at a younger audience.
Radio 2: Aimed at an adult audience.
Radio 3 and 4: Aimed at an older age group.
The change

7. Now, we are able to broadcast nationally, where as in the beginning only regional channels were
available. There are 50+ BBC stations in radio, based all around the country, broadcasting locally,
regionally. We can now listen to radio in other forms. Its available on the internet - first created in
the early 2000’s. We can listen to it on our TV’s, in car radio’s, and normal ones, on our phones as
apps. There’s even a ‘DAB’ which means that the waves are no longer radio waves but are only
electronic.
Radio broadcasts the newest music, current affairs on the news, such as travel and weather. We
are able to hear interviews, interaction with the public. It opens up opportunities for
competitions, coverage of music events and portrays general humour through ‘pranks’ and
challenges. Discussions and debates on politics and current affairs on certain channels are also
broadcasted.
Despite new technological advances for entertainment, radio is still hugely popular.
The radio now