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U.S. History Timeline 1865-1895
- 1. 1865-1895 Timeline Ashley Jenkins
- 2. 1850 1862 1864 1867 The Bessemer The Homestead Act When the Cheyenne Oliver Kelley started Process is cheap was a law enacted returned to the Patrons of and efficient process that provided 160 Colorado’s Sand Husbandry, an for making steel acres in the West to Creek Reserve for organization for which was any citizen who was the winter, Colonel farmers that became developed by British head of household John Chivington and popularly known as manufacturer Henry and would cultivate his troops the Grange and Bessemer and the land for five descended on encouraged families American William years. This law led to Cheyenne and that to promote the Kelly. The technique settlers claiming Arapaho camped at economic well-being involved injecting air private property Sand Creek. The of the community into molten iron to previously reserved attack at dawn on and agriculture. remove carbon and for Native Americans. November 29, 1864 other impurities. killed over 150 inhabitants.
- 3. 1869 1870 1870 1870 The Transcontinental In the 1870’s, trusts Long drives are the At age 21, Jacob Railroad was became important. moving of cattle over Riis left Denmark for competed in 1869, Participants in a trails to a shipping the United States. liking the Atlantic and trust turned their center. There was He found work as a Pacific coasts of the stock over to a normally one cowboy police reporter which United States. This group of trustees- to about every 250 exposed him to New railroad allowed people who ran the head of cattle, a cook York City’s slums. nationwide separate companies who drove the chuck He was shocked at transportation that as one large wagon and set up the conditions in the united the country. corporation. In camp, and a wrangler overcrowded, return, the who cared for the airless, filthy companies were extra animals. Trail tenements and entitled to dividends bossed supervised expressed these on profits earned by the drive and hardships through the trust. negotiated with writing. settlers.
- 4. Greensward 1871 1873 1875 1875 Fredrick Law Andrew Carnegie Kickbacks, Tammany Hall was Olmstead was a moved from Scotland overpayments of New York City’s landscape architect to America and worked government money powerful Democratic who helped draw up a his way up to become that were political machine plan for “Greensward” private secretary of the “kickbacked” to headed by Boss which was selected to local boss of the government officials, Tweed. The Tweed become Central Park Pennsylvania Railroad. were very common Ring was a corrupt in New York City. He He bought stock and around this time. organization that also planned made his own fortune. Boss Tweed ran as landscaping for In 1873, he founded part of Tammany Washington, DC, and the Carnegie Steel Hall. St. Louis. He also Factory. He improved drew the initial manufacturing designs for one of operation and Boston’s park controlled almost all of systems. the steel industry.
- 5. 1876 1876 1876 1876 George Armstrong Alexander Graham The National Thomas Alva Edison Custer reported in Bell, along with Farmers’ Alliance established the 1874 that the Black Thomas Watson, groups included world’s first research Hills had lots of gold. invented the people who laboratory in Menlo In June 1876, he telephone. sympathized with Park, New Jersey. and his troops farmers. Lecturers of He later perfected reached the Little this group traveled the incandescent Bighorn River where educating and light bulb and they met Native persuading people invented an entire Americans. The about lower interest system for producing Indians crushed rates on loans and and distributing Custer’s troops government control electricity. killing all of them over railroads and within an hour. banks. Membership in the group grew to more than 4 million.
- 6. 1876 1877 1877 1880 The Battle of Little Chief Joseph The Nez Perce was a Social Darwinism is Bighorn occurred succeed his father group of Native an economic and when Colonel Custer (Tuekakas) as the American people who social philosophy and his troops met leader of the lived in the Pacific based on Charles Native Americans at Wallowa band of Northwest region of the Darwin’s theory of the Little Bighorn Nez Perce when the United States. In 1877, evolution by natural River. The Native United States they were ordered to a selection. This Americans, led by government forcibly reservation by the U.S. theory was used by Crazy Horse, Gall, removed them from government and philosopher Herbert and Sitting Bull, their land in Wallowa refused to go. They fled Spencer to explain crushed Custer’s Valley to a to Canada and fought the evolution of troops. Within an reservation in Idaho the U.S. Army along the human society. hour, Custer and all in 1877. way. After five days of of the men of the fighting, few Nez Perce Seventh Cavalry remained after they had were dead. been defeated.
- 7. 1880 1880 1880 1880 Segregation, the The Gilded Age was a Sweat shop was a John D. Rockefeller established separation of people time of enormous negatively connoted the Standard Oil Company and based on the basis growth in the United term for any working used a trust to gain total control of race, was a States, railroads being environment of the oil industry in America. He controversial issue the major industry. The considered to be reaped huge profits by paying his during this time. North and West thrived unacceptably employees low wages and Southern states while the South difficult or driving competitors out of passed laws to remained economically dangerous. business by selling his oil at a separate white and devastated from the lower price than in cost to black people in Civil War. African produce it. Once he controlled public and private Americans were the market, he hiked prices far facilities. stripped of many above original levels. He gave rights. Rights for away a lot of money and blacks, tariff policies, established the Rockefeller and monetary policies Foundation, provided funds to were dominant issues. found the University of Chicago, and created a medical institute.
- 8. 1881 1881 1881 1883 Sitting Bull was the Gafts, the illegal use Booker T. Washington The Pendleton Civil leader of the Hunkpapa of political influence was an African Service Act was a Sioux who was a for personal gain, American educator law enacted that warrior, spiritual leader, were a large part of who believed that established a and medicine man. He political corruption racism would end bipartisan civil believed whites should during this time. when blacks acquired service commission leave Sioux territory. useful labor skills and to make His most famous fight proved their economic appointments to was at the Little Bighorn value to society. He government jobs by River. Bull surrendered was born enslaved and means of the merit to the government in graduated from system based on 1881 and was killed by Virginia’s Hampton candidates’ Native American police Industrial Institute in performance on an 9 years later. Alabama. He aimed to examination. equip blacks with useful skills for jobs.
- 9. 1884 1884 1885 1886 Scab was a Mugwumps were Dumbbell tenements A settlement house derogatory term Republican political were built in New was a community used to describe activists who bolted York City to center providing people who would from the Republican accommodate assistance to cross picket lines. Party by supporting immigrants. The residents, particularly They were strike Democratic candidate name is derived immigrants in a slum breakers. Grover Cleveland in from the shape of neighborhood. These the 1884 Presidential the building’s houses were run by election. They footprint of a middle-class, college- switched because dumbbell. educated women. The they rejected the houses provided financial corruption educational, cultural, associated with and social services, It Republican candidate offered classes, health James G. Blain. care, and support for women.
- 10. 1887 1850 1888 1862 1888 1864 1867 1888 The Dawes Act was a Poll taxes were Southern States added George Eastman law that was intended to created as annual the Grandfather Clause developed a series “Americanize” Native taxes that had to be to their constitutions. It of more convenient Americans by distributing paid before qualifying stated that even if a man alternatives to the reservation land to to vote. Black and failed the literacy test or heavy glass plates individual Indian owners- white sharecroppers could not afford a poll previously used in 160 acres to each head were often too poor to tax, he was still entitled photography. of household and 80 pay these poll taxes. to vote if he, his father, Photographers could acres to each unmarried or his grandfather had use more flexible adult. The government been eligible to vote film and send it to a would sell the remainder before January 1, 1867. studio for of the reservations to Before that date, freed processing. He settlers, and the resulting slaves did not have the introduced the income would be used right to vote. This law Kodak camera in by Native Americans to prevented blacks from 1888. buy farm implements. voting.
- 11. 1889 1890 1890 1890 Jane Addams was Jim Crow Laws were George Angel Island was a an influential laws enacted by Westinghouse was place in San member of the Southern States and an entrepreneur and Francisco Bay, Social Gospel local governments to engineer who California, where movement who separate white and invented the railway immigrants from the founded the Hull black people in public air brake and was a West Coast arrived House in 1889 along and private facilities. pioneer of the and gained with Ellen Gates electrical industry. admission to the Starr. This was a He founded the United States. settlement home Westinghouse These immigrants located near Electric Corporation. were primarily from Chicago, Illinois. Asia.
- 12. 1890 1890 1890 1890 Culture shock is The Ghost Dance America became Political machines personal was a movement that known as a melting were organized disorientation that a spread rapidly among pot because of the groups that person may feel the 25,000 Sioux an mixture of people controlled political when experiencing the Dakota from different parties in a city and an unfamiliar way of reservation. It was cultures and races offered services to life due to based on a prophet who blended voters and immigration. who promised that if together by businesses in Sioux performed a abandoning their exchange for ritual called the Ghost native languages political and financial Dance, Native and cultures. support. American lands and way of life would be restored.
- 13. 1890 1890 1891 1892 On December 28, The Sherman Collective bargaining The Omaha Platform was a party program 1890, the Seventh Antitrust Act was a was a process of that adopted the Cavalry rounded up law enacted that was negotiations convention of the 350 starving and intended to prevent between employers freezing Sioux and the creation of and a group of Populist Party held in Omaha, Nebraska on took them to a camp at monopolies by employees aimed at July 4, 1892. The Wounded Knee Creek making it illegal to reaching in South Dakota. The establish trusts that agreements that Preamble was by Ignatius L. Donnelly. next day, soldiers interfered with free regulate working The planks demanded that the trade. conditions. represented the Indians give up their weapons. A shot was Farmers’ Alliance concerns, free- fired and the soldiers currency monetarism, opened fire killing 300 and endorsing the mostly unarmed Native goals of the Urban Americans. Knights of Labor.
- 14. 1894 1894 1895 1895 Eugene Vs. Debs When businesses fell Ellis Island was a Urbanization, the attempted to form an in 1894, George popular immigration growth of cities, was industrial union- the Pullman cut jobs and station located in expanding especially American Railway wages in a plant and New York Harbor. in the regions of the Union (ARU). Union increased working Immigrants were Northeast and members were hours in order to given medical Midwest. mostly unskilled and lower costs and keep examinations, semiskilled laborers, profits, but not rents government but engineers and or prices in his town. inspections, and firemen joined too. His workers launched various tests. Ellis In 1894, the new the Pullman Strike Island was the chief union won a strike which was eventually immigration station for higher wages. broken up by federal with an estimated 17 Membership troops. million immigrants. eventually grew to 150,000.
- 15. 1895 1896 1897 1901 William Randolph In Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Ragtime was a Monopolies Hurst purchased the Supreme Court ruled that blend of African developed which New York Morning the separation of races in spirituals and was a complete Journal and also public places was legal and European musical control over it’s owned the San did not violate the forms, which industry’s Francisco Examiner. Fourteenth Amendment. It originated in the production, wages, He tried to out-do his began when Homer Plessy saloons of the and prices achieved competitors by filling was seated in the “whites South. This style by a firm that buys the Journal with only” car and refused to later led to jazz, rock out all its exaggerated tales of move. He was arrested, ‘n’ roll, and the competitors. personal scandals, tried, and convicted in the blues. cruelty, hypnotism, District Court of New and imaginary Orleans for breaking conquest of Mars. Louisiana’s segregation law. He appealed, and sent the trial to Supreme Court.
- 16. 1902 1903 1900s 1900s Debt Peonage was a Brothers Orville and Literary tests were Vaudeville was a system in which Wilbur Wright, bicycle voting restrictions theatrical genre that workers were bound manufacturers from imposed in the included in servitude until their Dayton, Ohio, worked Southern States to performances of debts were paid to on planes. They first limit blacks’ votes. song, dance, their employer. built a glider, then a The tests for blacks juggling, slapstick four-cylinder internal were very hard and comedy, and a combustion engine. sometimes written in female chorus. Their first successful different languages, Promoters sought flight was on making it almost large audiences with December 17, 1903 impossible to pass. various backgrounds at Kitty Hawk, North Officials could pass to display various Carolina. The flight or fail applicants as cultures. covered 120 feet and they wished which lasted 12 seconds. allowed for discrimination against blacks.