2. The First World War A review of the political and military events to be considered in Paris, 1919 J. Marshall 2009
3. Contents I: Politics Nationalism Empires and Imperialism The Alliance System The Naval Arms Race (Militarism) II: War The Schlieffen Plan Static Warfare and Attrition Total War
5. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War 1) Nationalism SEE PAGE 3 OF FALK’S BOOK: Nationalism is _____________not _____________ . Things like ______________, ______________ and _____________ connect nationalities. It is interesting to note that _____________ is not necessary for a group to identify themselves as a nation. visceral cerebral language statehood culture traditions
6. Hall of Mirrors: Declaration of German Empire, January, 1871 PRUSSIA B B The German Question: What role will a unified Germany play in the affairs of Europe and the world? I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War
7.
8.
9. Imperialism led to competition France, UK and other “older” European nation-states had a history of imperialism. A unified Germany was a late-comer to the game. If the imperial nations went to war, precedent suggested the winners would gain the losers’ colonies. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War
10. 3) Alliances: joining together Balance of power to stop incursions Status quo is only good if you’re on top Collective Security provides mutual aid I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War The goal is to stop hegemony by any one power
11. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War The Triple Alliance Triple Entente (L) Wilhelm II of Germany, (C) Francisco Crispi of Italy (R) Franz Joseph I of A.H. “Agreement”
12. A System of Alliances, Not One I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Dual Alliance Entente Cordiale Anglo-Russian Entente With the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente, the Triple Entente became a fact.
13. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Balance of Power The Balkans were seen as the “powder keg” of Europe!
14. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War “Serbia: the menace to European equilibrium”
15. Catalyst: Assassination I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War X
16. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War 4) Naval Arms Race HMS Dreadnought made all other warships obsolete Kaiser Wilhelm sought naval supremacy An arms race was started Consider: Why would Britain think it critical that she continue to rule the waves?
18. 1) The Schlieffen Plan Attack through the Low Countries before Russia can mobilize Use speed and surprise to advantage Avoid a war on two fronts With France and Russia out of the war, Britain will sue for peace I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War
19.
20.
21. 3) Total War Home Front Rationing Industrialization/profiteers Loans/bonds/income taxes Women Conscription Civilian casualties Debt/rise of the USA I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War
22. Use the contents bar to write a 150 word paragraph to summarize the political and military events (beyond the cost in lives and money) that led to the peace accords in Paris, 1919. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race (Militarism) II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Topic sentence: A variety of political and military events led up to the peace talks in Paris, 1919.
Photo shows (L to R) Bismarck, Roon and Moltke: Prussia’s three leaders during the 1860s. The fact that the German Empire (nation-state) was created at Versailles is important symbolically because in 1919-20 that is where the treaty with Germany was signed by the Allies.
Over time, Bismarck’s speech has come to be known (incorrectly) as the” blood and iron” speech (1862). The ref to 1848-49 is to the German revolutions: the new Frankfurt parliament offered to make the Prussian king the “Kaiser”, or emperor of Germany; however, the king feared reaction from the other German state heads, and from Russia and A.H. and thus decided to decline in order to keep his power rather than risk “going for it.”
Flag at right is the Imperial German Flag 1870 to 1919.
Peter the First of Serbia (King 1903-1918)
The French commanders used 600 Paris taxi cabs to transport 6000 French soldiers to the battlefield, enabling the French to get sufficient reinforcements
