Used in my MPA reports

1. URBAN ENVIRONMENT &
DEVELOPMENT
JAYCEE SANTOS HIPOLITO, RN

2. SCOPE
• Definition
• Rural Vs. Urban Life
• Urban Environment
• Urbanization
• Urban Development
• Sustainable Development
• Role of LGU in Sustainable Development
• Economic Effect
• Environmental Effect

3. When we think of RURAL we
tend to imagine this:

4. Instead of this:

5. And when we think of URBAN
we might imagine this

6. Instead of this

7. RURAL LIFE URBAN LIFE
Environment : Close/ Direct contact
with nature
Greater isolations from nature.
Predominance of manmade artificial
environment
Occupation: Agricultural is the
fundamental occupation
No fundamental occupation, most are
engaged in manufacturing, mechanical
pursuits, trade commerce, non
agricultural occupations.
Density of Population: Low, Size of community is large in size.
Social Differentiations: low degree of
social differences
High degree of social differentiation
Standard of living: low High

8. URBAN ENVIRONMENT

9. • It is predominantly the process
by which towns and cities are
formed & become larger as
more people begin living and
working in central areas.

10. • Refers to the population shift from rural to
urban areas.
– the gradual increase in the proportion of
people living in urban areas”.
– The ways in which each society adapts to the
change.

11. 3 Major Challenges in
Urbanization
• Density
– Pertaining to growing population which is not
matched by infrastructure investments
• Distance
– Connectivity issues and increase
transportation cost and impede labor mobility
• Division
– Limited access to basic services and
economic opportunities among informal
settlers

12. • City competitiveness is an
important part of successful
urbanization, because it creates
jobs, raises productivity and
increases people’s wages.
• They need to be inclusive and
sustainable. They should have
good land use management and
strong institutions.

13. • According to United Nations, projected
half of the worlds population would live in
urban areas at the end of 2017.
• By 2050 about 64% of the developing
world and 86% of the developed world will
be urbanized.
• Approximately 3 Billion urbanites by 2050
which is of Africa and Asia.

14. Guangzhou China
• A city of 12.7 Million people,
is one of the 8 adjacent
metropolis located in the
largest single agglomeration
on earth, ringing the pearl
river of delta china.

15. Mumbai India
Is the most populous city in
India and the 10th
most
populous city in the world,
with a total metropolitan area
population of approximately
23.9 Million.

16. 10 Most Populous City in the
Philippines
Quezon City 3 M
Manila City 2 M
Caloocan City 1.5 M
Davao City 1.4 M
Cebu City 1M
Zamboanga City 800,00
Antipolo City 700,000
Pasig City 650,000
Taguig City 620,000
Valenzuela City 580,000

17. 10 Most Populous City in the
World
Mumbai, India (10) 12.4 Million
Guangzhou, China (9) 13 M
Tokyo, Japan (8) 15 M
Lagos, Nigeria (7) 16 M
Delhi, India (6) 16.2 M
Sao Paulo, Brazil (5) 17 M
New York, USA (4) 22 M
Beijing, China (3) 22.5 M
Karachi, Pakistan (2) 23.5 M
Shanghai, China (1) 25 M

18. URBAN DEVELOPMENT
• Is a technical and political process
concerned with the use of land and
design of the urban environment,
including transportation networks, to
guide and ensure the orderly
development of settlement and
communities.

19. Sustainable Development
• It was introduced by IUCN in 1970’s
• WCED (World Commission on
Environment & Development) –
responsible for compiling reports
• “it is the development that meets the
needs of the generation without
jeopardizing the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

20. The Role of LGU in sustainable
Development
• June 1990: EC Green Paper on the Urban
Environment, an EC Policy on urban areas
focusing attention to issues relevant to
developing sustainable cities.

21. • November 1990: town and Development,
dedicated to promoting the linking of local
authorities and NGOs between countries
of the north and south to improve the
quality of urban management.

22. • Solid waste
management
• Air pollution
• Hazardous
industrial
waste

23. Economic Effect
• As cities developed, effects can include a
dramatic increase and change in costs,
labor and other necessities
• The drive for rapid urban growth and often
efficiency can lead to less equitable urban
development.
• Rapid increase of migrant employees bot
skilled and un-skilled.

24. POSITIVE EFFECT
• Reduction of expenses in transportation
while improving opportunities for jobs,
education, housing and transportation.
• Living in cities permits individuals and
families to take advantage of the
opportunities of proximity and diversity.
• Cities have greater variety of market &
goods than rural areas.

25. Environmental Effect
• Existence of Urban heat islands
• It is formed when industrial and urban
areas produce and retain heat, much of
solar energy that reaches rural areas is
consumed by evaporation of water from
vegetation and soil.
• In cities, there is less vegetation, most
energy is instead absorbed by building &
Asphalt.

26. • Vehicles, factories
and industrial
releases even more
heat.
• Damaging of water
marine ecosystem
due to chemicals
washing when
raining.

27. Health & Social Effects
• Increase in
mortality from
non
communicable
diseases
associated with
lifestyle.

28. • Higher risk of
obesity than lower
risk of mal nutrition
• Fast food is often a
food of choice
• Body Mass Index
and cholesterol
levels increases

29. • Other
diseases, like
HIV, Hepatitis
are mostly
predominant
also due to
lifestyle.

30. DOH FACTS ON HIV

31. Changing Forms
• Most of the urban poor in developing
countries unable to find work, can spend
their lives in insecure, poorly paid jobs,
• :” the most important class conflict in the
poor countries of the world today is not
between labor and capital, it is between
foreign and national interest.”.

32. References
• Urbanization in 2013, demographic
partitions .
• Barney Cohen (2015) Urbanization, city
growth and the new United Nations
Development Agenda,
• Tadaro, Michael P. (2016) A model of
Labor Migration and Urban Development
in less Developed countries.

33. SALAMAT NG MARAMI