Analisis del art. 37 de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta
Un Mundo Incierto
1. ESTRATEGIAS DE POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA EN UN MUNDO INCIERTO Ricardo Martner Área de Políticas Presupuestarias y Gestión Pública, ILPES, CEPAL, Naciones Unidas
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6. Luego de la década perdida, el crecimiento económico se ha recuperado
15. La mayoría de los países ha experimentado un deterioro de la distribución del ingreso
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17. Vivimos en un mundo incierto: cuál es el modelo? “ La Economía es la ciencia de pensar en términos de modelo, unida al arte de escoger los modelos que son adecuados para el mundo contemporáneo” John Maynard Keynes, 1938
18. Vivimos en un mundo incierto: cuál es el modelo? “ La Economía es la ciencia de pensar en términos de modelo, unida al arte de escoger los modelos que son adecuados para el mundo contemporáneo” John Maynard Keynes, 1938
27. Ecuador—Prior Actions Objective Date 1. Clearance of all nonreschedulable external arrears (paragraphs 5 and 11). 1 At least two weeks before the Board meeting 2. Issue regulations, discussed with Fund staff, for the implementation of the Fiscal Responsibility and Transparency Law (paragraph 14). Before Jan. 31, 2003 3. Conelec and Conatel to issue resolutions to restart the price adjustments for electricity and telephone tariffs (paragraph 20). Before Jan. 31, 2003 4. Submission to congress of urgent legislation to transfer control over the customs administration to the SRI (paragraph 13). Before Feb. 7, 2003 5. Issue regulations for the tourism law, discussed with Fund staff and consistent with the objectives of the program, aimed at preventing new tax loopholes from opening up (paragraph 12). Before Feb. 7, 2003 6. COMEXI to issue a resolution to reverse the selective import tariff concessions issued in the last 4 months of the previous government (paragraph 7). Before Feb. 14, 2003 7. Sign contracts with independent international firm(s) to manage the Filanbanco liquidation trust funds (paragraph 16). Before Feb. 28, 2003 8. Sign contracts to conduct independent audits of at least 8 closed banks in the AGD (paragraph 17). Before Feb. 28, 2003 9. Passage of the 2003 budget containing a freeze in wage rates, and an average oil price assumption of US$18 per barrel (paragraphs 8 and 12). At least five working days
28. Ecuador—Structural Performance Criteria (PC) and Benchmarks (SB) Objective Date PC/SB For the first review 1. Auction off all restructured private sector debt portfolios of closed banks held in the AGD (paragraph 18). Before Mar. 31, 2003 SB 2. Sign contract with an international investment bank to prepare Banco del Pacífico for sale (paragraph 19). Before Mar. 31, 2003 SB 3. Passage of the legislation to transfer control of the customs administration to the SRI (paragraph 13). Before Apr. 30, 2003 PC 4. Submission to congress of legislation for public sector wage unification and civil service reform (including amendments to the Ley de Servicio Civil y Carrera Administrativa), to reduce employment in the public sector and to achieve a lower nominal wage bill in the central government 2004 budget compared with the 2003 budget (paragraph 13). Before Apr. 30, 2003 PC 5. Enter at least 8 closed banks in the AGD into liquidation (paragraph 15). Before May 31, 2003 PC For the second review 6. Conduct and publish an economic and environmental analysis, and prepare an action plan with timetable for the cost effective production, distribution, and sale of fuels and other petroleum products in Ecuador (paragraph 20). Before Jun 30, 2003 PC 7. Concession the management of the electricity distribution companies and Andinatel and Pacifictel to reputable international firms (paragraph 20). Before Jun 30, 2003 PC 8. Sign contracts with independent international firm(s) to manage the liquidation trust funds of the AGD banks (paragraph 17). Before Jun. 30, 2003 SB 9. Bring Banco del Pacífico to the point of sale (paragraph 19). Before Jul. 31, 2003 SB 10. Submission to congress of the tax reform law including the elimination of revenue earmarking not mandated in the constitution, and tax exemptions (paragraph 13). Before Aug. 31, 2003 PC 11. Passage of the law for public sector wage unification and civil service reform (paragraph 13). Before Aug. 31, 2003 PC For the third review 12. With technical assistance from international institutions, conduct an assessment of the operating procedures and actuarial balances of the IESS, ISSFA, and ISSPOL (paragraph 9). Before Sep. 31, 2003 SB 13. Passage of the tax reform law, including the elimination of revenue earmarking not mandated by the constitution (paragraph 13). Before Nov. 30, 2003 PC 14. Conclude returning all blocked deposits in Filanbanco and the AGD banks in liquidation to depositors (paragraphs 16 and 17). Before Dec. 31, 2003 PC
38. Esquema 1: ¿Cómo los economistas piensan la determinación del ingreso? Ingreso Recursos Productividad Crecimiento PIB per capita = Intensidad Capital + Acumulación Capital humano + Crecimiento Productividad
39. Esquema 2: Todo sobre economía del desarrollo en una página endógeno parcialmente endógeno exógeno Ingreso Recursos Productividad Comercio Instituciones Geografía
55. Efectos de una expansión nominal de la cantidad de dinero p T PIB
56. Impacto de un aumento de la masa monetaria en Estados Unidos
57. “ Las ideas de los economistas y de los pensadores políticos, tanto cuando tienen razón como cuando están equivocados, son más poderosas que lo que se cree. Los hombres prácticos, que se creen liberados de cualquier influencia intelectual, son en general esclavos de algún economista difunto”. Lord Keynes