Review worksheet covering IB Biology content on Transcription and Translation (Topics 2.7, 7.2, and 7.3)

1. IB Biology HL: Transcription & Translation Review (2.7, & 7.2-7.3) NAME:
1. Compare transcription withtranslation:
Transcription Translation
Begins with… mRNA
Ends with…
Location in cell…
Uses…
RNA polymerase, Transcription factors,
Ribonucleoside triphosphates
2. Describe whatismeantby the geneticcode being degenerateand universal:
3. Outline howE.coli bacteriacan be modifiedtoproduce Humaninsulin proteins:
4. Transcribe and translate thisDNA sequence:
DNA T A C G G G C C C G T G A C A G C C A C T
mRNA
Amino acid
5. Quickmathematical questions:
a. An mRNA strandhas 76 codons.How manyaminoacidswill be inthe polypeptide?______
b. A polypeptide contains103 aminoacids.What isthe lengthof the gene (unit=base pairs)?______
6. What are the rolesof Promoter,Silencer,andEnhancersequencesof DNA inTranscription?(HL)
7. What are senseand antisensestrandsinDNA?(HL)
8. A single-copygene (agene thatcodesfora polypeptide)contains introns andexons.What are these?(HL)
9. Outline the three stepsinvolvedinprocessingpre-mRNA ineukaryotesbeforetranslation. (HL)

2. 10. Describe howAlternative Splicing allowsforthe productionof thousandsof differentpolypeptidesfromthe same
single-copygene. (HL)
11. Describe hownucleosomescanturngenesonor off in response toenvironmental factors.(HL)
12. Outline one example of anenvironmental factorinfluencinggene expressioninanorganism.(HL)
13. What are the three stagesof translation?Brieflydescribewhatoccursineach stage (HL)
14. Draw a diagram of a tRNA molecule andexplainhow specificaminoacidsare
attachedto the 3’ end.
15. Draw and label adiagramof a ribosome,showingthe large andsmall subunits,
three tRNA bindingsitesandmRNA bindingsites.
16. What isthe difference between the fate of polypeptidesproducedon bound(RER)
ribosomesandfree ribosomes?
17. Why can transcriptionandtranslationoccursimultaneouslyinprokaryotesbutnot
eukaryotes?
tRNA
Ribosome
s