Cell organelles

1. Chapter 8, Section 3

2. EUKARYOTIC
 Membrane bound
structures
PROKARYOTIC
 No membrane
bound structures

3.  Take in nutrients
 Store, produce, and breakdown
substances
 Take in and use energy

4. Cell
Organization
 Tough, rigid outer covering
 Protects cells; gives them shape
 Found in plants, fungi, most
bacteria
 Made up mostly of cellulose
(threadlike fibers that allow
materials to pass through)
 May also contain pectin and
lignin
CellWall

5.  Pectin
 Aids in cell growth
 Development
 Defense
 Strength
 Thick texture in
jams and jellies
 Lignin
 Compound
 Makes cell walls
rigid
 Help with support

6. Cell
Organization
 Outermost covering of a cell (if
no cell wall)
 Regulates interactions between
cell and environment
 Allows nutrients to move into
cell, while waste products leave
Cell
membrane

7. Cell
Organization
 Gelatin- like substance
 Constantly flows inside cell
 Most of cells life processes
occur here
 Hereditary material here in
prokaryotic cells
 Framework called cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm

8.  Thin, hollow tubes of protein combined with
solid protein fibers
 Helps maintain shape
 Helps some cells move

9.  Organic molecules made up of amino acids
 Part of cell membranes
 Needed for chemical reactions in the
cytoplasm
 Cells make protein on ribosomes---float
freely in the cytoplasm
 Ribosomes receive directions from the
hereditary material on the manufacturing of
proteins

10. Cell
Organization
 Usually the largest organelle in
the cell.
 Directs all cell activities
 Contains DNA (chemical that
contains the code for the cell’s
structure and activities.
 Nucleolus inside—where most
ribosomes are made
 Materials go in and out through
membrane
Nucleus

11. Cell
Organization
 Organelle that process energy
 Plant cell only
 Contain green pigment called
chlorophyll
 Chlorophyll captures light energy
used to make glucose.
 The light energy is changed and
stored in glucose as chemical
energy.
 Contain ribosomes and hereditary
material
Chloroplasts

12. Cell
Organization
 Organelle that processes
energy
 Energy is released when food is
broken down into carbon
dioxide and water.
 Some cells have more
mitochondria than others
 In animal cell
 Contain ribosomes and
hereditary material
Mitochondria

13. Cell
Organization
 ER
 Series of folded membranes in
which materials can be processed
and moved around inside of cell
 Process organelle
 May be smooth or rough
 Extend from nucleus to cell
membrane= takes up a lot of
space.
 Ribosomes attach to rough ER
 Smooth ER processes lipids and
other substances
Endoplasmic
reticulum

14. Cell
Organization
 Stacked, flattened membranes
 After proteins are made, they
are transferred here
 Sort proteins and other
substances and package them
into vesicles.
Golgi
bodies

15. Cell
Organization
 Deliver cellular substances to
areas inside the cell
 Carry substances to the cell
membrane where they are
released to the outside of the
cell.
Vesicle

16. Cell
Organization
 Membrane bound space
 Temporary storage of materials
 Stores water, waste products,
food, and other materials.
 In plant cells it makes up most
of the cell’s volume
Vacuole

17. Cell
Organization
 Organelle that recycles
 Contain digestive chemicals that
help break down food molecules,
cell wastes, worn-out cell parts,
and viruses and bacteria that
enter
 Membrane prevents chemicals
inside from leaking into the
cytoplasm and destroying the cell
 Cell dies-membrane disintegrates
releasing digestive chemicals
…why?
Lysosomes

18.  Cells in these organisms do not work alone
 Each cell carries on life functions, while
depending on other cells
 Tissue—group of similar cells that work
together to do one job
 Tissues make up organs—like the heart
 Organs make up an organ system—
cardiovascular system