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Fisika Modern (4) basic atomicphysics
- 3. K α 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | n=4 n=3 n=2 n=1 K γ K β L β L α L γ N=5
- 6. -ve electrode +ve electrode 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 7. E=eV X-Ray Ejected electron 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 8. 01/02/11 For K transitions For any transitions Continuous spectrum Line spectrum © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 9. 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 12. Becquerel discovered while working with uranium salts that they emitted particles or radiation which could affect photographic plates. Rutherford and others began an extensive investigation of the phenomenon, the main lines of research being into (a) what sort of particles were being emitted, (b)what sort of laws the emission mechanism obeyed . 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 14. 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 16. 01/02/11 Here T 1/2 is the half-life, the time it takes for half the nuclei to decay - i.e. for A to decrease to A/2. Here is called the average lifetime. A=Activity= N A (t) =½ A o , at t=T 1/2 - Units time -1 (s -1, d -1 , m -1 , y -1 ) © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 17. N o -N(t)= N o ( 1- e - t ) 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | 14 C 14 N
- 18. Ln N(t)= Ln N o - t Ln x = 2.3 Log x 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Ln N(t) Ln N o Time, t
- 20. + - Pair production 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | E=hƒ E”=hƒ” Compton Photoelectric
- 21. I (x) = I 0 e -µx 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 22. Ln I= Ln I o - µx 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 24. 5-3 Radiation Units roentgen (R) • measures exposure (ionization) of air by X-rays & gamma-rays Quantity of x-rays which loses 8.34x10 -7 j/g of air rad (radiation absorbed dose) • measures energy deposited in any material by any type of ionizing radiation 1 rad = 0.01 J/kg 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 28. Terrestrial Sources 5-4 Radiation hazards The average annual dose to the general population from natural background and man-made sources is 360 mrem. Cosmic Radiation Internal Sources Other Radon Radon 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
- 30. Time 5-5 Radiation Protection Distance Shielding All workers are required to wear film badges or pocket ionization chambers which, are checked regularly to calculate dosages received 01/02/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |
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