JAX-RS 2.0: Key Features of the Updated RESTful Web Services API

Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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JAX-RS 2.0: New and
Noteworthy in RESTful
Web Services API
Arun Gupta
Java EE & GlassFish Guy
blogs.oracle.com/arungupta, @arungupta

2
JAX-RS - Java API for RESTful Services
§  POJO-Based Resource Classes
§  HTTP Centric Programming Model
§  Entity Format Independence
§  Container Independence
§  Included in Java EE
Standard annotation-driven API
that aims to help developers
build RESTful Web services and clients
in Java

3
Example: JAX-RS API
@Path("/atm/{cardId}")
public class AtmService {

@GET @Path("/balance")
@Produces("text/plain")
public String balance(@PathParam("cardId") String card,
@QueryParam("pin") String pin) {
return Double.toString(getBalance(card, pin));
}

…

Built-in
Serialization
Resources
URI Parameter
Injection
HTTP Method
Binding

4
Example: JAX-RS API (contd.)
…

@POST @Path("/withdrawal")
@Consumes("text/plain")
@Produces("application/json")
public Money withdraw(@PathParam("card") String card,
@QueryParam("pin") String pin,
String amount){
return getMoney(card, pin, amount);
}
}
Custom Serialization

5

6

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JSR-339 a.k.a. JAX-RS 2.0
§  Expert Group formed in February, 2011
–  Lead by Oracle
§  Marek Potociar, Santiago Pericas-Geertsen
–  13 Group members
§  Jan Algermissen, Florent Benoit (OW2), Sergey Beryozkin (Talend/CXF), Adam Bien,
Bill Burke (RedHat), Clinton L Combs, Bill De Hora, Markus Karg, Sastry Mallady
(eBay), Wendy Raschke (IBM), Julian Reschke, Guilherme Silveira, Dionysios
Synodinos
§  Public Review Draft published on Sep 28, 2012
–  See JSR-339 JCP site jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=339

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Common configuration
§ Asynchronous processing
§ Filters
§ Interceptors
§ Hypermedia support
§ Server-side content negotiation

9
JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

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Client API
§  HTTP client libraries too low level
§  Leveraging providers and concepts from the JAX-RS 1.x API
–  E.g., MBRs and MBWs
§  Proprietary APIs introduced by major JAX-RS 1.x implementations
–  Need for a standard
Motivation

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Client API
// Get instance of Client
Client client = ClientFactory.newClient();
// Get account balance
String bal = client.target("http://.../atm/{cardId}/balance")
.resolveTemplate("cardId", "111122223333")
.queryParam("pin", "9876")
.request("text/plain").get(String.class);

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Client API
// Withdraw some money
Money mon = client.target("http://.../atm/{cardId}/withdrawal")
.resolveTemplate("cardId", "111122223333")
.queryParam("pin", "9876")
.request("application/json")
.post(text("50.0"), Money.class);

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Client API
Invocation inv1 =
client.target("http://.../atm/{cardId}/balance")…
.request(“text/plain”).buildGet();
Invocation inv2 =
client.target("http://.../atm/{cardId}/withdraw")…
.request("application/json")
.buildPost(text("50.0"));

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Client API
Collection<Invocation> invocations = Arrays.asList(inv1, inv2);
Collection<Response> responses = Collections.transform(
invocations,
new F<Invocation, Response>() {
public Response apply(Invocation inv) {
return inv.invoke();
}
});

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Client API
// Create client and register MyProvider1
Client client = ClientFactory.newClient();
client.configuration().register(MyProvider1.class);
// Create atm target; inherits MyProvider1
WebTarget atm = client.target("http://.../atm");
// Register MyProvider2
atm.configuration().register(MyProvider2.class);
// Create balance target; inherits MyProvider1, MyProvider2
WebTarget balance = atm.path(”{cardId}/balance");
// Register MyProvider3
balance.configuration().register(MyProvider3.class);

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

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Common configuration - motivation
client.configuration()
.register(JsonMessageBodyReader.class)
.register(JsonMessageBodyWriter.class)
.register(JsonpInterceptor.class)
.setProperty(“jsonp.callback.name”, “callback”)
.setProperty(“jsonp.callback.queryParam”, “true”)
...
Client-side

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Common configuration - motivation
public class MyApp extends javax.ws.rs.core.Application {
public Set<Class<?>> getClasses() {
Set<Class<?>> classes = new HashSet<…>();
…
classes.add(JsonMessageBodyReader.class);
classes.add(JsonMessageBodyWriter.class);
classes.add(JsonpInterceptor.class);
…
return classes;
}
}
Server-side

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Common configuration - solution
client.configuration()
.register(JsonMessageBodyReader.class)
.setProperty(“jsonp.callback.name”, “callback”)
.setProperty(“jsonp.callback.queryParam”, “true”)
...
JsonFeature jf = new JsonFeature().enableCallbackQueryParam();
Client.configuration().register(jf);
Client-side

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Common configuration - solution
…
classes.add(JsonMessageBodyReader.class);
classes.add(JsonMessageBodyWriter.class);
classes.add(JsonpInterceptor.class);
…
}
…
classes.add(JsonFeature.class);
…
}
Server-side

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Common configuration
public interface Configurable {
Map<String, Object> getProperties();
Object getProperty(String name);
Configurable setProperties(Map<String, ?> properties);
Configurable setProperty(String name, Object value);
Collection<Feature> getFeatures();
Set<Class<?>> getProviderClasses();
Set<Object> getProviderInstances();
Configurable register(...);
...
}

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Common configuration
public interface Feature {
boolean configure(Configurable configurable);
}

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A Feature example
public void JsonFeature implements Feature {
public boolean configure(Configurable config) {
config.register(JsonMessageBodyReader.class)
.setProperty(CALLBACK_NAME, calbackName)
.setProperty(USE_QUERY_PARAM, useQueryParam);
return true;
}
}

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Dynamic Feature
public interface DynamicFeature {
void configure(ResourceInfo ri, Configurable configurable);
}
public interface ResourceInfo {
Method getResourceMethod();
Class<?> getResourceClass();
}
Server-side only

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

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Async Processing
§  Server API support
–  Off-load I/O container threads
§  Long-running operations
–  Efficient asynchronous event processing
§  Suspend while waiting for an event
§  Resume when event arrives
–  Leverage Servlet 3.x async support (if available)
§  Client API support
–  Asynchronous request invocation API
§  Future<RESPONSE>, InvocationCallback<RESPONSE>

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Async Processing: Server-side
@Path("/async/longRunning")
public class MyResource {
@GET
public void longRunningOp(@Suspended AsyncResponse ar) {
ar.setTimeoutHandler(new MyTimoutHandler());
ar.setTimeout(15, SECONDS);
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
…
ar.resume(result);
}
});
}
}

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public interface AsyncResponse {
public void resume(Object/Throwable response);
public void cancel();
public void cancel(int/Date retryAfter);
public boolean isSuspended();
public boolean isCancelled();
public boolean isDone();
public void setTimeout(long time, TimeUnit unit);
public void setTimeoutHandler(TimeoutHandler handler);
public boolean register(Class<?> callback);
public boolean[] register(Class<?> callback, Class<?>... callbacks);
public boolean register(Object callback);
public boolean[] register(Object callback, Object... callbacks);
}

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@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Suspended {
}
public interface TimeoutHandler {
void handleTimeout(AsyncResponse asyncResponse);
}

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public interface ResumeCallback {
public void onResume(AsyncResponse resuming, Response response);
public void onResume(AsyncResponse resuming, Throwable error);
}
public interface CompletionCallback {
public void onComplete();
public void onError(Throwable throwable);
}
public interface ConnectionCallback {
public void onDisconnect(AsyncResponse disconnected);
}

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Async Processing: Client-side
WebTarget target = client.target("http://.../balance”)…
// Start async call and register callback
Future<?> handle = target.request().async().get(
new InvocationCallback<String>() {
void complete(String balance) { … }
void failed(InvocationException e) { … }
});
// After waiting for too long…
if (!handle.isDone()) handle.cancel(true);

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

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Filters & Interceptors
§  Customize JAX-RS request/response processing
–  Use Cases: Logging, Compression, Security, Etc.
§  Introduced for client and server APIs
§  Replace existing proprietary support
–  Provided by most JAX-RS 1.x implementations
§  All using slightly different types or semantics
Motivation

34
§  Non-wrapping filter chain
–  Filters do not invoke next filter in
the chain directly
–  managed by the JAX-RS runtime
§  Each filter decides to proceed or
break the chain
Filter each incoming/outgoing message
§  Request è Request
–  ContainerRequestFilter,

ClientRequestFilter

§  Response è Response
–  ContainerResponseFilter,

ClientResponseFilter
§  Server-side specialties
–  @PreMatching,
DynamicFeature

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public class RequestLoggingFilter implements ContainerRequestFilter {
@Override
public void filter(ContainerRequestContext requestContext) {
log(requestContext);
// non-wrapping => returns without invoking the next filter
}
...
}
A Logging Filter Example

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§  Invoked ONLY when/if entity
processing occurs
–  Performance boost
§  Wrapping interceptor chain
–  Each interceptor invokes the next
one in the chain via
context.proceed()

Intercept entity providers
§  MessageBodyReader interceptor
–  ReaderInterceptor interface
§  MessageBodyWriter interceptor
–  WriterInterceptor interface

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public class GzipInterceptor implements ReaderInterceptor {
@Override
Object aroundReadFrom(ReaderInterceptorContext ctx) {
InputStream old = ctx.getInputStream();
ctx.setInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(old));
// wrapping => invokes the next interceptor
Object entity = ctx.proceed();
ctx.setInputStream(old);
return entity;
}
}
A GZip Reader Interceptor Example

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Application
Request Filter Filter
Network
Transport
…
…
Response Filter
Filter
write(…)
Writer
Interceptor
… MBW
read(…) - optional
…
MBR
Writer
Interceptor
Reader
Interceptor
Reader
Interceptor

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Response
Application
Filter Filter
Network
… Response
Filter
Filter
write(…)
…
MBW
Writer
Interceptor
Writer
Interceptor
Filter Filter
… Request
Request
read(…) - optional
Reader
Interceptor
… MBR
Reader
Interceptor
Filter Filter
Resource
Matching
@PreMatching

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Bindings & Priorities
§  Binding
–  Associating filters and interceptors with resource methods
–  Server-side concept
§  Priority
–  Declaring relative position in the execution chain
–  @BindingPriority(int
priority)

§  Shared concept by filters and interceptors
Scoped Binding Global Binding
Static @NameBinding (@Qualifier?)
Default
@PreMatching
Dynamic DynamicFeature N/A

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Bindings
@NameBinding // or @Qualifier ?
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Logged {}
@Provider
@Logged
@BindingPriority(USER)
public class LoggingFilter
implements ContainerRequestFilter, ContainerResponseFilter { … }

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Bindings
@Path("/greet/{name}")
@Produces("text/plain")
public class MyResourceClass {
@Logged
@GET
public String hello(@PathParam("name") String name) {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}

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A DynamicFeature example
public void SecurityFeature implements DynamicFeature {
public boolean configure(ResourceInfo ri, Configurable config) {
String[] roles = getRolesAllowed(ri);
if (roles != null) {
config.register(new RolesAllowedFilter(roles));
}
}
…
}
Server-side only

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

45
Hypermedia
§  REST principles
–  Identifiers and Links
–  HATEOAS (Hypermedia As The Engine Of App State)
§  Link types:
–  Structural Links
–  Transitional Links

46
Hypermedia
Link: <http://.../orders/1/ship>; rel=ship,
<http://.../orders/1/cancel>; rel=cancel
...
<order id="1">
<customer>http://.../customers/11</customer>
<address>http://.../customers/11/address/1</address>
<items>
<item>
<product>http://.../products/111</product>
<quantity>2</quantity>
</item>
<items>
...
</order>
Transitional Links
Structural Links

47
Hypermedia
§  Link and LinkBuilder classes
–  RFC 5988: Web Linking
§  Support for Link in ResponseBuilder and filters

–  Transitional links (headers)
§  Support for manual structural links
–  Via Link.JaxbAdapter & Link.JaxbLink
§  Create a resource target from a Link in Client API

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Hypermedia
// Producer API (server-side)
Link self = Link.fromResourceMethod(MyResource.class, ”handleGet”)
.build();
Link update = Link.fromResourceMethod(MyResource.class, “handlePost”)
.rel(”update”)
.build();
...
Response res = Response.ok(order)
.link("http://.../orders/1/ship", "ship")
.links(self, update)
.build();

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Hypermedia
Response order = client.target(…).request("application/xml").get();
// Consumer API (client-side)
Link shipmentLink = order.getLink(“ship”);
if (shipmentLink != null) {
Response shipment = client.target(shipmentLink).post(null);
…
}

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JAX-RS 2.0
§ Client API
§ Filters

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Server Side Conneg
GET http://.../widgets2
Accept: text/*; q=1
…
Path("widgets2")
public class WidgetsResource2 {
@GET
@Produces("text/plain", "text/html")
public Widgets getWidget() {...}
}

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Server Side Conneg
GET http://.../widgets2
Accept: text/*; q=1
…
Path("widgets2")
public class WidgetsResource2 {
@GET
@Produces("text/plain; qs=0.5", "text/html; qs=0.75")
public Widgets getWidget() {...}
}

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JAX-RS 2.0 Summary
§  Major new features
–  Client API, Filters & Interceptors, Asynchronous Resources, Hypermedia
§  Many minor API improvements and extensions
–  Request / Response, URI builder, String Converters, @BeanParam,
MultivaluedHashMap, GenericType, …
§  Improved TCK coverage = improved portability
–  ~350 tests in JAX-RS 1.x, ~1700 tests in JAX-RS 2.0

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<a href=“…” >JAX-RS 2.0</a>
§  Project web site jax-rs-spec.java.net
§  Users mailing list users@jax-rs-spec.java.net
§  JSR-339 site jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=339
–  Latest specification text draft
§  java.net/projects/jax-rs-spec/sources/git/content/spec/spec.pdf
–  Latest API snapshot
§  jax-rs-spec.java.net/nonav/2.0-SNAPSHOT/apidocs/index.html

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<a href=“…” >Jersey 2.0</a>
§  Project web site jersey.java.net
§  Users mailing list users@jersey.java.net
–  Latest users guide
§  http://jersey.java.net/nonav/documentation/snapshot/index.html
–  Latest API documentation
§  http://jersey.java.net/nonav/apidocs/snapshot/jersey/index.html

56

57

58
JAX-RS 2.0
§ DI (JSR-330) Integration
§ Bean Validation
§ Improved Java EE Security Support
§ Presentation Layer
§ High-level Client API

59
Dependency Injection Integration
§  Support Java Dependency Injection API (JSR-330)
–  Support
@Inject
and
@Qualifier ?
–  @Qualifier
as a replacement for
@NamedBinding
?
–  Provider vs.
ContextResolver ?
–  Support DI (JSR-330) or CDI (JSR-299)?
§  Issues
–  Interference with CDI providers
–  EG does not see enough added value for DI
§  DI-style injection support deferred

60
Dependency Injection Integration
§  Java EE Deployments
–  Tight CDI integration makes sense (unification of Java EE component
model)
§  Java SE Deployments
–  DI provides all the required features
–  CDI is too heavy-weight
§  Many redundant features
–  method interceptors, decorators, stereotypes …
§  Additional limitations put on managed components
Support DI (JSR-330) or CDI (JSR-299)?

61
Bean Validation
§  Dropped from JAX-RS 2.0 Public Review
–  Difficulty aligning schedules
§  Still supported via CDI 1.1
–  JAX-RS resource class must be CDI bean
–  BV 1.1 now supports method validation
§  May revisit current plan post Java EE 7

62
More Topics…
§  Improved Java EE security
support
–  @RolesAllowed, …
–  SecurityContext.authenticate(…)
§  Pluggable Views
–  Completes the MVC pattern
§  High-level client API
–  Hard to design it to be RESTful
–  Jersey 2 provides an
experimental support
–  Don’t want to end-up with an
RPC-style API

JAX-RS 2.0: Key Features of the Updated RESTful Web Services API

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JAX-RS 2.0: Key Features of the Updated RESTful Web Services API