2. Socrates
Socratic Method
His life story written by Plato,
his student
Plato says Socrates was anti-
democracy
Socrates is generally portrayed
as being in pursuit of truth, but
not having achieved it yet
Executed by poisoning in 399
BCE
His life story was told by his
most famous student.......
3. Plato
Related to many important
politicians of Athens, never
married
Plato’s Republic states his
political philosophy
Analogy of the Cave
Defining happiness for city-
dwellers
Dividing society into three classes
4. Plato
Fled Athens in 399 BCE and moved in with his friend Euclid.
Also traveled to Egypt and North Africa studying astronomy
Was monotheistic and believed in rewards in the afterlife for
good behavior
Believed that information came to us at God’s grace and that
we could not learn anything that was not divinely given to us
Irritated the leader of Syracuse in 388 BCE who had Plato sold
as a slave, but he was purchased by a friend and set free
5. Academy
Placed on a sacred site
dedicated to Athena in 387 BCE
by Plato
Named for a war hero,
Akademos
Plato taught there for 38 years
and had a sign put over the
entrance that read “No one
shall enter who knows no
geometry”
Most famous student was....
6.
7. Aristotle’s Politics
Defining life in cities as
political life for living a
good life, not just for
protection or
convenience
Compared ruler-subject
relationship to master-
slave and father-child
relationships
8. Aristotle’s Ethics
Virtue is based on
everything fulfilling its
proper function
Because man is the only
creature that has a soul,
his ethical purpose must
be to use his soul
One who leads a
balanced life - the
golden mean has
happiness of the soul
9. Aristotelian Lyceum
Built on an old Temple of Apollo just outside Athens in 335
BCE by Aristotle
Peripatetics - his followers who walked around with him as
Aristotle explained the workings of the world
10. Aristotelian Logic
Made of of two propositions, or statements assumed to be true,
followed by a syllogism
If two propositions are true and apply to each other, the syllogism
will be true as well
A-type: Universal and affirmative or ("All men are mortal")
I-type: Particular and affirmative ("Some men are philosophers")
E-type: Universal and negative ("No philosophers are rich")
O-type: Particular and negative ("Some men are not philosophers").
