1. Connections: A World History
Second Edition
Chapter 12
Religion and Diversity
in the Transformation
of Southern Asia,
711–1400
Connections: A World History, Second Edition
Edward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

2. Angkor Wat

3. Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam Affect South Asia

4. Religion and Diversity in the
Transformation of Southern Asia,
711–1400
A. Islam Expands Eastward
B. Islamic Persia and the Abbasid Caliphate
C. Cosmopolitan Islam
D. The Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
E. The Islamic Impact on India
F. India’s Influence on Southeast Asia

5. Islam Expands Eastward

6. Islam Expands Eastward
A. Course and Consequences
1. Expansion into Persia, Afghanistan, and India
2. The Abbasids and Islam’s Golden Age
3. The challenges of unification
4. Competing religions in India
5. India’s influence

7. Islamic Persia and the Abbasid
Caliphate

8. Islamic Persia and the Abbasid
Caliphate
A. Sasanian Decline and Muslim Conquest

9. FOUNDATION MAP 12.1 The Abbasid Caliphate in
800 C.E.

10. Islamic Persia and the Abbasid
Caliphate
B. Persian Influences on Islamic Governance
and Culture
1. A blended culture
B. The Impact of Shi’ite Opposition
1. The Sunni-Shi’ite context
2. Opposition to Umayyad rule
3. The Abbasids in Persia

11. Islamic Persia and the Abbasid
Caliphate
D. The Rise of Baghdad
1. Strategic location

12. A sketch of the inner city of Baghdad around the
year 800 C.E.

13. Cosmopolitan Islam

14. Cosmopolitan Islam
A. Abbasid Governance
1. Continuity and reform
B. Commerce and Culture in the Abbasid
Caliphate
1. Promotion of trade
2. Cultural renaissance
3. Innovation

15. A page from a 12th-century
Islamic manuscript dealing with
alchemy.

16. A Muslim astronomer’s depiction of the
constellation Sagittarius, copied from the original
manuscript in 1730.

17. Cosmopolitan Islam
C. Sufis and Fundamentalists
1. Sufi mysticism
2. Militant Islamic fundamentalism

18. The Decline of the Abbasid
Caliphate

19. The Decline of the Abbasid
Caliphate
A. Forces of Disintegration
1. Succession conflicts
2. The Malmuks
3. Disloyalty in the Abbasid bureaucracy
4. The end of Abbasid rule

20. The Decline of the Abbasid
Caliphate
B. Continuity of Islamic Unity and Expansion
1. Forces for unity and expansion

21. The Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo.

22. The Islamic Impact on India

23. The Islamic Impact on India
A. Islamic Invasions from Persia
1. Persian warlords
2. The Ghaznavids

24. MAP 12.2 The Ghaznavid Islamic Empire, 1030

25. The Islamic Impact on India
B. Conflict and Connection: Muslims and
Hindus
1. Religious differences
2. Ghaznavid persecution
3. The Delhi Sultanate

26. The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi, featuring
Hindu motifs such as tasselled ropes and bells.

27. India’s Influence on
Southeast Asia

28. India’s Influence on
Southeast Asia
A. Funan: The First Southeast Asian State
1. Southeast Asia
2. Funan

29. MAP 12.3 Southeast Asia, 800–1400

30. India’s Influence on
Southeast Asia
B. The Cambodian Empire
1. Hindu influence
B. Srivijaya: Coalition and Cultural Blend
1. Buddhist commercial empire
2. Southeast Asian and Indian cultural blend

31. Relief sculpture at the temple complex of
Borobodur in central Java, depicting scenes from
the life of the Buddha.

32. Key Dates and Developments