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Pal gov.tutorial2.session11.oracle
1.
أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية
الفلسطينية The Palestinian eGovernment Academy www.egovacademy.ps Tutorial II: Data Integration and Open Information Systems Session 11 Oracle Semantic Technologies Dr. Mustafa Jarrar University of Birzeit mjarrar@birzeit.edu www.jarrar.info PalGov © 2011 1
2.
About This tutorial is
part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1- 2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps Project Consortium: Birzeit University, Palestine University of Trento, Italy (Coordinator ) Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Palestine Technical University, Palestine Université de Savoie, France Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine University of Namur, Belgium Ministry of Interior, Palestine TrueTrust, UK Ministry of Local Government, Palestine Coordinator: Dr. Mustafa Jarrar Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011 2
3.
© Copyright Notes Everyone
is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part. No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full copyrights on the material. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC-BY-NC-SA This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non- commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. PalGov © 2011 3
4.
Tutorial Map
Topic h Intended Learning Objectives Session 1: XML Basics and Namespaces 3 A: Knowledge and Understanding Session 2: XML DTD‟s 3 2a1: Describe tree and graph data models. Session 3: XML Schemas 3 2a2: Understand the notation of XML, RDF, RDFS, and OWL. Session 4: Lab-XML Schemas 3 2a3: Demonstrate knowledge about querying techniques for data models as SPARQL and XPath. Session 5: RDF and RDFs 3 2a4: Explain the concepts of identity management and Linked data. Session 6: Lab-RDF and RDFs 3 2a5: Demonstrate knowledge about Integration &fusion of Session 7: OWL (Ontology Web Language) 3 heterogeneous data. Session 8: Lab-OWL 3 B: Intellectual Skills Session 9: Lab-RDF Stores -Challenges and Solutions 3 2b1: Represent data using tree and graph data models (XML & Session 10: Lab-SPARQL 3 RDF). Session 11: Lab-Oracle Semantic Technology 3 2b2: Describe data semantics using RDFS and OWL. Session 12_1: The problem of Data Integration 1.5 2b3: Manage and query data represented in RDF, XML, OWL. Session 12_2: Architectural Solutions for the Integration Issues 1.5 2b4: Integrate and fuse heterogeneous data. Session 13_1: Data Schema Integration 1 C: Professional and Practical Skills Session 13_2: GAV and LAV Integration 1 2c1: Using Oracle Semantic Technology and/or Virtuoso to store Session 13_3: Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 1 and query RDF stores. Session 14: Lab-Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 3 D: General and Transferable Skills 2d1: Working with team. Session 15_1: Data Web and Linked Data 1.5 2d2: Presenting and defending ideas. Session 15_2: RDFa 1.5 2d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving. 2d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning abilities. Session 16: Lab-RDFa 3 PalGov © 2011 4
5.
Module ILOs After completing
this module students will be able to: - Using Oracle Semantics Technology to store and query RDF stores. PalGov © 2011 5
6.
Introduction
Source: Oracle.com • Oracle Semantic Technologies enables you to: – store RDF data and ontologies, – query RDF data, – perform ontology-assisted query of relational data, – use supplied or user-defined “inferencing”. Inference Query User-defined OWL Subset Query RDF/ Ontology-assisted RDF/S OWL data and query of relational ontologies data Store RDF/OWL Relational Bulk Load data and data ontologies Incremental Database load & DML PalGov © 2011 6
7.
Querying RDF data
using Oracle • Oracle introduced an SQL-based scheme to query RDF data. • They introduced an SQL table function called “SEM_MATCH” which is part of Oracle‟s Semantic Technologies. • SEM_MATCH takes a SPARQL-like syntax as arguments, and returns a table of results that can be further queried using SQL. PalGov © 2011 7
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How RDF Data
is stored in Oracle. • The physical organization of RDF data is a bit different from its logical organization as a single <S,P,O> table. RDF triples are stored after normalization in two tables: – IdTriples(ModelID, subjectID, propertyID, objectID) (triples in the identifier format) – URIMap(UriID, UriValue) (uri to identifier mapping) • The core implementation of RDF_MATCH query translates to a self-join query on IdTriples table. PalGov © 2011 8
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Query Optimization • Optimization
of SEM_MATCH queries on RDF data: – Depends on Oracle‟s RDBMS optimizer to efficiently speed up the execution of the query. – Uses of a set of B-tree indexes and materialized views (e.g. the subject-property matrix described previously). PalGov © 2011 9
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Architectural Overview
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Core Entities in
Oracle Database Semantic Store Source: Oracle.com Sem. Network Dictionary and data tables for storage and management of asserted and inferred RDF triples. OWL and RDFS rule bases are preloaded. Model: A model holds an RDF graph (set of S<P<O triples). Rulebase: A rulebase is a set of rules used for inferencing. Entailments: An entailment stores triples derived via inferencing. Application Table: Contains a column of type sdo_rdf_triple_s, associated with an RDF model, to allow DML and access to RDF triples, and storing ancillary values. PalGov © 2011 11
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Core Functionality: Load
/ Query / Inference Source: Oracle.com • Load – Bulk load – Incremental load • Query and DML – SPARQL (from Java/endpoint/Oracle) • Inference – Native support for OWL 2 RL, SNOMED (OWL 2 EL subset), OWLprime, OWLSIF, RDFS++. – Named Graph Local Inference – User-defined rules PalGov © 2011 12
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Architectural Overview: Interfaces Note
that there are three interfaces for Oracle Semantic Technologies: • SQL-based (SQL and PL/SQL) • Java-based: – Jena (Using Jena adapter from Oracle). – Sesame (Using Jena adapter from Oracle). • SPARQL Endpoints: – Joseki – OpenRDF Workbench PalGov © 2011 13
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Architectural Overview
Source: Oracle.com PalGov © 2011 14
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Installation and Configuration
of Oracle Database Semantic Technologies PalGov © 2011 15
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Installation and Configuration
(1) • Load the PL/SQL packages and jar file – cd $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin – As sysdba – SQL> @catsem • Create a tablespace for semantic network create bigfile tablespace semts datafile '?/dbs/semts01.dat' size 512M reuse autoextend on next 512M maxsize unlimited extent management local segment space management auto; PalGov © 2011 16
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Installation and Configuration
(2) • Create a temporary tablespace create bigfile temporary tablespace semtmpts tempfile ‘?/dbs/semtmpts.dat' size 512M reuse autoextend on next 512M maxsize unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL; ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE semtmpts; • Create an undo tablespace CREATE bigfile UNDO TABLESPACE semundots DATAFILE ‘?/dbs/semundots.dat' SIZE 512M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON next 512M maxsize unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL ; ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE=semundots; PalGov © 2011 17
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Installation and Configuration
(3) • Create a semantic network to enable semantic data management: – As sysdba – SQL> exec sem_apis.create_sem_network(„semts‟); • Create Semantic Model – As scott (or other) – SQL> create table test_tpl(id number, triple sdo_rdf_triple_s); – SQL> exec sem_apis.create_sem_model(„test‟,‟test_tpl‟,‟triple‟); PalGov © 2011 18
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Loading RDF Triples
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Loading Semantic Data:
APIs • Incremental DMLs (small number of changes) • SQL: Insert Recommended for very small number • SQL: Delete of triples • Java API (Jena): GraphOracleSem.add, delete • Java API (Sesame): OracleSailConnection.addStatement, removeStatements Recommended for very large number of triples • Bulk Loader (large number of changes) • PL/SQL: sem_apis.bulk_load_from_staging_table(…) • Java API (Jena): OracleBulkUpdateHandler.addInBulk(…), prepareBulk • Java API (Sesame): OracleBulkUpdateHandler.addInBulk, prepareBulk ... PalGov © 2011 20
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PL/SQL Bulk Loader •
STEP 1: Load data into Staging Table using SQL*Loader: (a) Create a staging table: CREATE TABLE stage_table ( RDF$STC_sub varchar2(4000) not null, RDF$STC_pred varchar2(4000) not null, RDF$STC_obj varchar2(4000) not null, RDF$STC_sub_ext varchar2(64), RDF$STC_pred_ext varchar2(64), RDF$STC_obj_ext varchar2(64), RDF$STC_canon_ext varchar2(64) ) COMPRESS Tablespace TS_Name; PalGov © 2011 21
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PL/SQL Bulk Loader •
STEP 1: Load data into Staging Table using SQL*Loader: (b) Load into Staging Table sqlldr userid=testuser/testuser control=bulkload.ctl data=dblp.nt direct=true skip=0 load=6000000 discardmax=0 bad=d0.bad discard=d0.rej log=d0.log errors=100000000 PalGov © 2011 22
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PL/SQL Bulk Loader •
STEP 1: Load data into Staging Table using SQL*Loader: (b) Load into Staging Table (from cmd) sqlldr userid=testuser/testuser control=bulkload.ctl data=dblp.nt direct=true skip=0 load=6000000 discardmax=0 bad=d0.bad discard=d0.rej log=d0.log errors=100000000 Control file where Maximum number of Input Data (the path we specify the name rows to bulk-load. to the input data of the staging table Delete to remove file) in the DB. limitations. PalGov © 2011 23
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PL/SQL Bulk Loader •
STEP 2: Create a semantic model and run bulk load from staging table API: – Create SEM Model (if not created already): CREATE TABLE myrdf_tpl (id number, triple SDO_RDF_TRIPLE_S) COMPRESS nologging tablespace semts; exec sem_apis.create_sem_model(‘myrdf',‘myrdf_tpl', 'triple'); – Bulk Load: grant select on stage_table to mdsys; grant insert on myrdf_tpl to mdsys; exec sem_apis.bulk_load_from_staging_table(‘myrdf’, ‘scott‘, stage_table‘, flags=>’PARALLEL_CREATE_INDEX PARALLEL=4'); PalGov © 2011 24
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After Data is
loaded • Check number of triples in the model and application table – select count(1) from mdsys.rdfm_<ModelName>; – select count(1) from <AppTable>; • Analyze the semantic model if there is enough change to the model – exec sem_apis.analyze_model(‘<ModelName>’); • Analyze the semantic network if there is enough change to the whole network – exec sem_perf.gather_stats(true, 4); -- just on value$ -- table – exec sem_perf.gather_stats(false, 4); -- whole network • Start Querying PalGov © 2011 25
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Querying RDF Data
using SEM_MATCH Source: Oracle.com • SPARQL Query Architecture PalGov © 2011 26
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SEM_MATCH: Adding SPARQL
to SQL Source: Oracle.com PalGov © 2011 27
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SEM_MATCH: Adding SPARQL
to SQL Source: Oracle.com PalGov © 2011 28
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SEM_MATCH: Adding SPARQL
to SQL Source: Oracle.com PalGov © 2011 29
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, - The query attribute is required. rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, is, each can be a null - The other attributes are optional (that value). aliases query attribute is a string literal (or concatenation of - The SEM_ALIASES, string literals) with one or more triple patterns, usually filter VARCHAR2, containing variables. index_status VARCHAR2, EXAMPLE: ‘SELECT ?directorName options VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; WHERE{ :M1 :directedBy ?director . ?director :name ?directorName }’ PalGov © 2011 30
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, - The models attribute identifies the model or models to use. aliases SEM_ALIASES, which has the following - Its data type is SEM_MODELS, definition: TABLE OF VARCHAR2(25). filter VARCHAR2,virtual model, specify only the name of - If you are querying a the virtual model and no other models. index_status VARCHAR2, - Name of the model: SEM_Models (‘ model_name '), options VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; PalGov © 2011 31
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, aliases rulebases attribute identifies one or more rulebases - The SEM_ALIASES, whose rules are to be applied to the query. filter you are querying a virtual model, this attribute must be - If VARCHAR2, null. index_status VARCHAR2, - A rulebase is an object that can contain rules, and a rule is optionsobject that can be applied to draw inferences from an VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; semantic data. PalGov © 2011 32
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, aliases SEM_ALIASES, ff a m i l y _r brulebase. This ruleasays - EXAMPLE: creates a rulebase named named g r a n d p a r e n t _r u l e into the a m i l y _r b , and then inserts rule filter VARCHAR2, of a child who is the parent of a child, that that if a person is the parent person is a grandparent of. index_statusP IVARCHAR2, E ( ' f a m i l y _r b ' ) ; E X E C U T E S E M _A S . C R E A T E _R U L E B A S I N S E R T I N T O m d s y s . s e m r _f a m i l y _r b V A L U E S ( optionsn dVARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; ' g r a p a r e n t _r u l e ' , '(?x :parentOf ?y) (?y :parentOf ?z)', NULL, '(?x :grandParentOf ?z)', S E M _A L I A S E S ( S E M _A L I A S ( ' ' , ' h t t p : / / w w w . e x a m p l e . o r g / f a m i l y / ' ))); PalGov © 2011 33
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, aliases SEM_ALIASES, filter VARCHAR2, one or more namespaces, in addition to the - The aliases attribute identifies default namespaces, to be used for expansion of qualified names in the index_status VARCHAR2, query pattern. - The following default namespaces are used: options a rVARCHAR2 m l)s .RETURN/ r ANYDATASET; ('or df', 'http://x n oracle.com df/') ( ' o r a g e o' , ' h t t p : / / x m l n s . o r a c l e . c o m /rdf/ geo/' ) ('owl', 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#') ('rdf', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#') ('rdfs', 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#') ('xsd', 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#') PalGov © 2011 34
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, aliases SEM_ALIASES, filter VARCHAR2, index_status VARCHAR2, -The filter attribute identifies any additional selection criteria. options VARCHAR2 ) should be a string in the form of a - If this attribute is not null, it RETURN ANYDATASET; WHERE clause without the WHERE keyword. - For example: '(h >= 6)' to limit the result to cases where the height of the grandfather's grandchild is 6 or greater PalGov © 2011 35
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( index_status attribute lets you query semantic data even - The when the relevant entailment does not have a valid status. query- VARCHAR2, the query returns an error if the entailment If this attribute is null, modelsdoes not have a valid status. If this attribute is not null, it must be SEM_MODELS, the string INCOMPLETE or INVALID. rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, precomputed triples that - An Entailment is an object containing can be inferred from applying a specified set of rulebases to a aliases SEM_ALIASES, specified set of models. filter VARCHAR2, index_status VARCHAR2, options VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; PalGov © 2011 36
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, aliases options attribute identifies options that can affect - The SEM_ALIASES, the results of queries. filter VARCHAR2, as keyword-value pairs. - Options are expressed index_status VARCHAR2, options VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; PalGov © 2011 37
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SEM_MATCH Table Function
Arguments SEM_MATCH( query VARCHAR2, models SEM_MODELS, - For more details about using the SEM_MATCH rulebases SEM_RULEBASES, consult Function and the its different arguments, Oracle Semantic Technologies Developer’s Guide: aliases SEM_ALIASES, http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/semantic -tech/documentation-087054.html filter VARCHAR2, index_status VARCHAR2, SEM_MATCH DOSUMENTATION: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e25609/sdo_rdf_concepts.htm#CHDJACII options VARCHAR2 ) RETURN ANYDATASET; PalGov © 2011 38
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Examples
2007 Sicko Michael Moore directedBy M1 D1 Emmy Awards P1 1995 M2 2009 Capitalism C1 USA 1995 Washington DC directedBy M3 D2 actedIn P2 Oscars Brave Heart Mel Gibson 1996 2007 Nadine Labaki directedBy M4 D3 C2 Lebanon actedIn Beirut Caramel location name P3 Stockholm Festival Exercises: C3 Sweden 2007 (1) What is the name of director D3? Stockholm (2) What is the name of the director of the movie M1? (3) List all the movies who have directors from the USA and their directors. (4) List all the names of the directors from Lebanon who have won prizes and the prizes they have won. PalGov © 2011 39
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Examples • Q1: What
is the name of director D3? Select directorName From Table( SEM_MATCH( ‘SELECT ?directorName WHERE {:D3 :name ?directorName}’, SEM_MODELS(‘movies_model’), null, null, null, null, null) ) ); PalGov © 2011 40
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Examples • Q2: What
is the name of the director of the movie M1? Select directorName From Table( SEM_MATCH( ‘SELECT ?directorName WHERE{ :M1 :directedBy ?director . ?director :name ?directorName}’, SEM_MODELS(‘movies_model’), null, null, null, null, null) ) ); PalGov © 2011 41
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Examples • Q3: List
all the movies who have directors from the USA and their directors. Select movie, director From Table( SEM_MATCH( ‘Select ?movie ?director Where {?movie :directedBy ?director. ?director :country ?country. ?country :name ‘USA’}’ , SEM_MODELS(‘movies_model’), null, null, null, null, null) ) ); PalGov © 2011 42
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Examples • Q4: List
all the names of the directors from Lebanon who have won prizes and the prizes they have won. Select directorName, prize From Table( SEM_MATCH( ‘Select ?directorName ?prize Where { ?director :name ?directorName. ?director :country ?c. ?c :name ‘Lebanon’. ?director :hasWonPrizeIn ?prize}’, SEM_MODELS(‘movies_model’), null, null, null, null, null) )); PalGov © 2011 43
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Data Integration and
Open Information Systems (Tutorial II) The Palestinian e-Government Academy January, 2012 Tutorial II: Data Integration and Open Information Systems Practical Session PalGov © 2011 44
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Practical Session PART1: Given
the previous movies example and the accompanying four queries, do the following: (1) Write the data graph using any suitable RDF syntax (N3, or Turtle). Note: Avoid using XML syntax as it might need additional effort to bulk-load. (2) Bulk Load your RDF file into Oracle. (3) Write the four queries accompanying the example using the SEM_MATCH function and execute them over the bulk-loaded file. PART2: Given the RDF graph of Practical Session I and II (also included in the next slide), do the following: (1) Write the data graph using any suitable RDF syntax (N3, or Turtle) and bulk- load it into Oracle. (2) Write the following queries using the SEM_MATCH function and execute them over the bulk-loaded file: • List all the authors born in a country which has the name Palestine. • List the names of all authors with the name of their affiliation who are born in a country whose capital‟s population is14M. Note that the author must have an affiliation. • List the names of all books whose authors are born in Lebanon along with the name of the author. PalGov © 2011 45
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Practical Session
Palestine 7.6K Said Capital Name CN1 CA1 Jerusalem AU1 BK1 CU Colombia University Author Viswanathan 14.0M BK2 AU2 India Capital Name New Delhi Wamadat CN2 CA2 Name Author Naima BK3 AU3 Lebanon 2.0M The Prophet Gibran CN3 CA3 BK4 Beirut Author AU4 This data graph is about books. It talks about four books (BK1-BK4). Information recorded about a book includes data such as; its author, affiliation, country of birth including its capital and the population of its capital. PalGov © 2011 46
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Practical Session -
Instructions • Each student should work alone. • In part 2 of this practical session, the student is strongly recommended to write two additional queries, execute them on the data graph, and hand them along with the required queries. • In part 2 of this practical session, the student is encouraged to compare the results of the queries with those from Practical Session I and II. • Each student must expect to present and discuss his/her queries at class and compare them with the work of other students. • The final delivery should include for every part of the practical session: (i) A link to the RDF file, (ii) a snapshot of the table where the file was bulk-loaded, (iii) A snapshot of every query and its results. These must all be delivered in a report form in PDF format. PalGov © 2011 47
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References • http://www.oracle.com • Anton
Deik, Bilal Faraj, Ala Hawash, Mustafa Jarrar: Towards Query Optimization for the Data Web - Two Disk-Based algorithms: Trace Equivalence and Bisimilarity. PalGov © 2011 48
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Thank you!
PalGov © 2011 49
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