1. ‫أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينية‬
The Palestinian eGovernment Academy
www.egovacademy.ps
Tutorial 1:Process and Data Modeling
Session 9 & 10
Business Process : An Overview
Dr. Mahmoud H. M. Saheb
PalGov © 2011 1

2. About
This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the
Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-
2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps
Project Consortium:
Birzeit University, Palestine
University of Trento, Italy
(Coordinator )
Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Palestine Technical University, Palestine
Université de Savoie, France
Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine
University of Namur, Belgium
Ministry of Interior, Palestine
TrueTrust, UK
Ministry of Local Government, Palestine
Coordinator:
Dr. Mustafa Jarrar
Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine
Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011 2

3. © Copyright Notes
Everyone is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should properly
cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part.
No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any
means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full
copyrights on the material.
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4. Tutorial Map
Intended Learning Objectives
Topic Time
Module 1 (Conceptual Date Modeling)
Module I: Conceptual Data Modeling
A: Knowledge and Understanding
11a1: Demonstrate knowledge of conceptual modeling notations and concepts Session 0: Outline and Introduction
11a2: Demonstrate knowledge of Object Role Modeling (ORM) methodology. Session 1.1: Information Modeling 1
11a3: Explain and demonstrate the concepts of data integrity & business rules Session 1.2: Conceptual Data Modeling using ORM 1
B: Intellectual Skills Session 1.3: Conceptual Analyses 1
11b1: Analyze application and domain requirements at the conceptual level, Session 2: Lab- Conceptual Analyses 3
and formalize it using ORM. Session 3.1: Uniqueness Rules 1.5
11b2: Analyze entity identity at the application and domain levels. Session 3.2: Mandatory Rules 1.5
11b4: Optimize, transform, and (re)engineer conceptual models. Session 4: Lab- Uniqueness & Mandatory Rules 3
11b5: Detect &resolve contradictions & implications at the conceptual level. Session 5: Subtypes and Other Rules 3
C: Professional and Practical Skills Session 6: Lab- Subtypes and Other Rules 3
11c1: Using ORM modeling tools (Conceptual Modeling Tools). Session 7.1: Schema Equivalence &Optimization 1.5
Module 2 (Business Process Modeling) Session 7.2: Rules Check &Schema Engineering 1.5
A: Knowledge and Understanding Session 8: Lab- National Student Registry 3
12a1: Demonstrate knowledge of business process modeling notations and concepts.
Module II: Business Process Modeling
12a2: Demonstrate knowledge of business process modeling and mapping.
12a3: Demonstrate understand of business process optimization and re-engineering. Session 9: BP Management and BPMN: An Overview 3
B: Intellectual Skills Session 10: Lab - BP Management 3
12b1: Identify business processes. Session 11: BPMN Fundamentals 3
12b2: Model and map business processes. Session 12: Lab - BPMN Fundamentals 3
12b3: Optimize and re-engineer business processes. Session 13: Modeling with BPMN 3
C: Professional and Practical Skills Session 14: Lab- Modeling with BPMN 3
12c1: Using business process modeling tools, such as MS Visio. Session 15: BP Management & Reengineering 3
Session 16: Lab- BP Management & Reengineering 3
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5. Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
An Overview
Session ILOs
This session introduces the basic concepts for Enterprise
modeling, Business Process Management, Business
process Modeling and its relation with SOA. It also
introduces the BPMN.
After completing this session students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate basic knowledge of Enterprise modeling,
BP management concepts and BP Modeling notations.
2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of BPMN notations and
concepts.
3. Demonstrate basic knowledge of using BPM tools:
BizAgi and Bonita.
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6. Session Outline
Introductions
» Enterprise model (Slide 7)
» Business process management (Slide 12)
» SOA (Slide 18)
BPM and BPMN
» BPModeling (slide 25)
» BPMN Basics (slide 35)
Activities
» Bizagi tour Or Bonita
» Examples & videos
Lecture Materials
» Wikipedia
» Software – MS Visio and Plug-ins
» Online resources and tutorials
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7. Enterprise Modeling…
• An enterprise model is the abstract
representation, description and definition of
the structure, processes, information, people,
behavior, goals, constraints and resources of
an identifiable business, government body, or
other large organization.
• It deals with the process of understanding an
enterprise business and improving its
performance through creation of enterprise
models.
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8. Enterprise Modeling
• An enterprise in general is a unit of economic
organization or activity.
• These activities are required to develop and
deliver products and/or services to a
customer.
• An enterprise includes a number of functions
and operations such as purchasing,
manufacturing, marketing, finance,
engineering, and research and development.
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9. Enterprise Modeling…
The basic idea of enterprise modeling is [Ulrich
Frank] :
• To offer different views on an enterprise,
thereby providing a medium to encourage
dialogues between various stakeholders -
both in academia and in practice. For this
purpose they include abstractions suitable for
strategic planning, organizational (re-) design
and software engineering.
• The views should complement each other
and thereby foster a better understanding of
complex systems by systematic abstractions.
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10. Enterprise Modeling…
• The views should be generic in the sense
that they can be applied to any enterprise.
At the same time they should offer
abstractions that help with designing
information systems which are well
integrated with a company's long term
strategy and its organization.
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11. Enterprise Modeling
Various enterprise modeling styles have been
identified. These include:
• Business Strategy Modeling
• Organization Hierarchy and Geography Modeling
• Responsibility Modeling
• Business Process Modeling
• Maturity Modeling
• Business Cohesion Modeling
• Communication Modeling
• Business Relationship Modeling
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12. Session Outline
Introductions
» Enterprise model
» Business process management
» SOA
BPM and BPMN
» BPModeling
» BPMN Basics
Activities
» Bizagi tour Or Bonita
» Examples & videos
Lecture Materials
» Wikipedia
» Software – MS Visio and Plug-ins
» Online resources and tutorials
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13. Business Process Management (BPM)
• BPM Fundamentals
• BPM as a broad organizational
– Strategy
– Framework
– Methodology
• BPM Evolution
– TQM: Total Quality Management
– BPR: Business Process Re-Engineering
– ERP: Enterprise resource planning
• Its all about organization
– Performance improvement
– Operational efficiencies
– Process effectiveness
– Change Management
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14. Business Process Management
BPM Phases
BPM
Process Process Process
Modeling Analysis Redesign
http://youtu.be/_YXqnEXnnBk
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15. Business Process Management
• BPM is a systematic approach to making an
organization's workflow more effective, more
efficient and more capable of adapting to an
ever-changing environment.
• A business process is an activity or set of
activities that will accomplish a specific
organizational goal.
• The goal of BPM is to reduce human error
and miscommunication and focus
stakeholders on the requirements of their
roles.
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16. BPManagement Outcomes
The outcomes of a business process
management project are essentially:
• value for the customer,
• reduced costs for the company,
• leading to increased profits.
• increased competitive advantage, market
growth, and
• better staff morale and retention.
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17. Assignment 1 Course Activity
• Download the IBM innov8 game or play it online
at:https://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/iwm/w
eb/signup.do?lang=en_US&source=swg-
innov8&S_TACT=109J601W&S_CMP=web_ibm_
ws_bpm_bd_innov8
• Write one page about what you have learned from
the game about BPM. What did you think of the
game? What did you like about it? What was
annoying?
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18. Session Outline
Introductions
» Enterprise model
» Business process management
» SOA
BPM and BPMN
» BPModeling
» BPMN Basics
Activities
» Bizagi tour Or Bonita
» Examples & videos
Lecture Materials
» Wikipedia
» Software – MS Visio and Plug-ins
» Online resources and tutorials
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19. Service-Oriented Architecture [Sommerville]
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20. SOA
SOA: an architectural style to promote business-
aligned enterprise services as the fundamental
unit for designing and building solutions.[Boris
Lublinsky]
• Services can be provided locally or outsourced
to external providers
• Services are language-independent
• Investment in legacy systems can be preserved
• Inter-organisational computing is facilitated
through simplified information exchange
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21. Key Standards
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
– A message exchange standard that supports service
communication
• WSDL (Web Service Definition Language)
– This standard allows a service interface and its bindings to be
defined
• WS-BPEL (Business Process Execution Language )
– A standard for workflow languages used to define service
composition.
or
– XPDL (XML Procedure Description Language)
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22. Business Process Execution Language
(BPEL)
• An orchestration language for specifying business process behavior
based on Web Services
• Executable vs. abstract business processes
• XML-based business process models that can be executed, stored,
and exchanged
• No graphical notation
• Originally called Business Process Execution Language for
Web Services (BPEL4WS)
• Convergence of XLANG and WSFL
• BPEL 1.0 jointly developed by IBM, BEA, SAP, Siebel, and
• Microsoft – published August 2002
• BPEL 1.1 submitted to OASIS in April 2003
• BPEL 2.0, OASIS standard April 2007
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23. XML Process Definition Language (XPDL)
• Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) standard
• A format for business process definition interchange
• Addresses both the graphics and the semantics
• XML-based business process models that can be
executed, stored, and exchanged
• XPDL 1.0 was ratified by the WfMC in 2002
• XPDL 2.0 was ratified by the WfMC in Oct 2005
• XPDL 2.1 was ratified by the WfMC in Apr 2008
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24. SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• Is a protocol specification for exchanging structured
information in the implementation of Web Services in computer
networks.
• It relies on (XML) for its message format, and relies on other
layer protocols as (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission.

25. WSDL specification components
• The „what‟ part of a WSDL document, called an
interface, specifies what operations the service supports,
and defines the format of the messages that are sent
and received by the service.
• The „how‟ part of a WSDL document, called a binding,
maps the abstract interface to a concrete set of
protocols. The binding specifies the technical details of
how to communicate with a Web service.
• The „where‟ part of a WSDL document describes the
location of a specific Web service implementation (its
endpoint).
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26. Session Outline
Introductions
» Enterprise model
» Business process management
» SOA
BPM and BPMN
» BPModeling
» BPMN Basics
Activities
» Bizagi tour Or Bonita
» Examples & videos
Lecture Materials
» Wikipedia
» Software – MS Visio and Plug-ins
» Online resources and tutorials
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27. Business Process Modeling
BPMN is Product of:
» Flowcharting
» E-R Diagramming
» O-R Diagramming
» Use Case Diagramming
» Cause-and-Effect Diagramming
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28. BPMN Diagramming: Definitions
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29. Definitions
• Business model: Is a framework for creating
economic, social, and/or other forms of value.
Examples:
Direct sale, Bricks and clicks, Fee-in Free-out,
online auction business model, …
• Workflow: is a depiction (present in picture or
words) of a sequence of operations, declared as
work of a person, work of a simple or complex
mechanism, work of a group of persons.
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30. Business Process Modeling
• BPModeling :is the activity of representing
processes of an enterprise, so that the
current process may be analyzed and
improved.
• The process improvements identified by
BPM may or may not require Information
Technology involvement.
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31. Process Modeling Methods
• Process Map
• Value Chain Analysis
• Process Models
– UML Activity Diagram
– Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
• (Extended) Event-driven Process Chain
• (EPC/eEPC)
• Function Allocation Diagram (FAD)
• ICAM Definition 0 (IDEF0)
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32. BPModeling Example (USING BPMN)
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33. UML vs. BPMN
UML BPMN
12 distinct diagram types Only one diagram type
Used by system architects Used by business analysts
and software engineers
Objects as first-class Processes as first-class
citizens citizens
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34. BPModeling
There are two main different types of Business
Process Models:
•The 'as is' or baseline model (the current
situation)
•The 'to be' model (the intended new situation)
“establishes and manages accurate requirements
that are sufficient for building information systems
satisfied by customers.”
which are used to analyze, test, implement and
improve the process.
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35. Programming Languages Tools for BPM
• BPM suite software provides programming
interfaces (web services, application program
interfaces (APIs)) which allow enterprise
applications to be built to leverage the BPM engine.
This component is often referenced as the engine of
the BPM suite. Programming languages that are
being introduced for BPM include:
• BPMN
• Business Process Execution Language (BPEL),
• Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL).
• XML Process Definition Language (XPDL),
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36. Session Outline
Introductions
» Enterprise model
» Business process management
» SOA
BPM and BPMN
» BPModeling
» BPMN Basics
Activities
» Bizagi tour Or Bonita
» Examples & videos
Lecture Materials
» Wikipedia
» Software – MS Visio and Plug-ins
» Online resources and tutorials
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37. Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN)
• BPMN is a graphical representation for
specifying business processes in a
business process model.
• BPMN was developed by Business
Process Management Initiative (BPMI),
and is currently maintained by the Object
Management Group(OMG).
• The current version of BPMN is 2
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38. Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN)
• The objective of BPMN is to support business
process management for both technical users
and business users by providing a notation
that is intuitive to business users yet able to
represent complex process semantics.
• The BPMN specification also provides a
mapping between the graphics of the notation
to the underlying constructs of execution
languages, particularly BPEL.
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39. BPMN Scope
• BPMN supports only the concepts of modeling that are
applicable to business processes. This means that other
types of modeling done by organizations for non-
business purposes will be out of scope for BPMN. For
example, the modeling of the following will not be a part
of BPMN:
– Organizational structures
– Functional breakdowns
– Data models
In addition, while BPMN will show the flow of data (messages), and
the association of data artifacts to activities, it is not a data flow
diagram
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40. Standards Organizations
• Object Management Group (www.omg.org)
– Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
– Business Process Definition Metamodel (BPDM)
• Workflow Management Coalition (www.wfmc.org)
– XML Process Definition Language (XPDL)
• OASIS (www.oasis-open.org)
– Driving the adoption of global e-business standards
– ebXML
– Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)
• W3C (www.w3c.org)
– Open, collaborative review process
– SOAP, WSDL, core XML specifications
– Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL)
• WS-I (www.ws-i.org)
– Interoperability of WS technologies and standards
– WS-I Basic Profile
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41. Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN)
• A standardized graphical notation for drawing business processes
• Currently no definition for storage or exchange of business
processes
• Started within the Business Process Management Initiative
(bpmi.org)
• BPMI merged with OMG in mid 2005
• OMG Final Adopted version of BPMN published February 2006
• BPMN 1.1: OMG Specification, Feb 2008
• BPMN 2.0: Business Process Model and Notation
Will also define a metamodel and interchange format
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42. BPM Tools
Professional
• Microsoft Visio2010 Premium
• Microsoft Visio2003 or 2007 + BPMN
Modular
• Oracle BPMN Suite 11gR1
Free and Open Source
Oryx project: http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Oryx
Bonita Studio : http://www.bonitasoft.com/
Bizagi: http://www.bizagi.com
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43. PalGov © 2011 43

44. BPMN Components -- Part I
Event
Activity
Activity
Gateway
Gateway
Sequence Flow
Message Flow
Association
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45. BPMN Components
 Lane:
 Pool
 Artifacts
 Data Object
 Group
 Annotation
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46. BPMN Modeling Notations -- Part II
Events:
 Start:
Triggers
 Timer
 Message
 Signal
Advanced Triggers :
 Conditional
 Multiple
 Intermediate
 End
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47. BPMN Modeling Notations -- Part II
Gateways: name
Used to control Sequence Flow
 Core Gateways:
 Exclusive name
 Event Based
 Parallel
 Advanced Gateways
 Inclusive
Complex
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48. Links & References
• “Enterprise modeling”, Ulrich Frank,
http://www.dsmforum.org/events/DSM09/Slides/HeiseSlides.pdf
• Software Engineering, 9e, Ian Sommerville, ISBN-10: 0137035152
• http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~olz/teaching/ETH2011/IBMCaseStudy.html
• http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~olz/
• http://zinnar.pna.ps
• “Defining SOA as an architectural style”, Boris Lublinsky,
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/architecture/library/ar-soastyle/
• Dive-into-BPM http://www.diveintobpm.org/index.jsp
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49. Session 10: Lab Activities and Assignment
• Basic Elements BPD
• Bizagi tour
• Examples of BPMN diagrams
– Trade Mark Licence (zinnar.pna.ps)
– Discuss
– Travel Request Expenses report (Bizagi)
– Discuss and using Bizagi to modify
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50. Assignment 2
• Redraw the invoice Approval process
which was handed out in class. You will
need to download BizAgi Process Modeler
-- LINK: http://www.bizagi.com
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51. As-is zinnar.pna.ps
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52. zinnar.pna.ps
To-be
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53. ‫‪ :As-Is‬تصديق شهادة منشأ لمصدرين صناعيين‬

54. Summary
• In this session we have discussed:
Introduction
» Enterprise model
» Business process modeling
» SOA
BPM and BPMN
» BPM
» BPMN Basics
• Next session will discuss the status
and the notation of BPMN
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