4. WHAT IS AN SLR?
âSLR - Single Lens Reflex - The camera has a viewfinder
that sees through the lens by way of a 45°-angled mirror
that flips up when the shutter fires and allows the light
to strike the image sensor (or film).
9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
PROGRAM MODE
âAperture and shutter speed are set by the camera, but can be
shifted using the control dial, with the exposure staying the
same
âUnlocks some other settings in your camera that gives you
more control over the final image : ISO setting, white balance,
exposure compensation
âGreat for quickly getting a photograph without having to think
too hard about settings
11. CHARACTERISTICS OF TV
MODE
â TV means time value
âShutter priority: set the shutter speed and calculates the
matching aperture
âTo photograph moving subjects (sporting action). A faster
shutter speed will freeze the motion
âTo capture movement as a blur of a waterfall, choose a slower
shutter speed
13. CHARACTERISTICS OF
AV MODE
âAV means aperture value
âManually control the aperture while the camera sets the
matching shutter speed
âParticularly useful to control a stationary object where you
donât need to control the shutter speed
âChoosing a larger aperture (f/stop) means the lens will get
smaller and it will let less light in so a larger depth of field
(more of the area in focus), but your camera will choose a
faster shutter speed and vice versa
15. CHARACTERISTICS OF
MANUAL MODE
âFull control over camera settings such: shutter speed, aperture,
ISO, white balance and exposure compensation
âGives you the flexibility to set your shots the way you want them
to be
âCan result in creative and non-traditional exposures
17. CHARACTERISTICS OF
PORTRAIT MODE
âAn automatic mode with emphasis on settings for a perfect
portrait shot.
âThe ability of the camera to detect if there are faces in the
image and to ensure they are all in focus
âSets a wide aperture of the lens so that the background behind
your subject is softly focused (shallow depth of field)
19. CHARACTERISTICS OF
LANDSCAPE MODE
âNarrows the aperture, so both the subject and background stay
sharp (deep depth of field)
âForeground, middle ground, and background are all in focus
âExposure compensation for entire frame
21. MACRO VS CLOSE-UP
What does macro and micro refer to when it comes to
photography?
ïŽ The word macro means big, whereas the word micro
mean small. So how is it that these two terms related?
ïŽ If the subject you are photographing is small and you
want to make it look big, you end up with a âmacroâ view
of a âmicroâ subject.
22. MACRO VS CLOSE-UP
ïŽ What is close up photography?
ïŽ Close up photography, is the act of photographing
objects such as flowers or insects in close range so the
subject you are photographing fills the frame. In other
words, itâs the act of photographing subjects close up.
This is easily achievable with any lens, even a 300mm
telephoto lens.
23. MACRO VS CLOSE-UP
ïŽ Macro photography is in essence close up photography
as well. However, close up photography is not always
considered as true macro photography. For example, if
you have a lens that is NOT considered a real macro lens,
yet offers a macro setting (as many do nowadays), this is
usually referred to as being close up photography, and
not true macro.
26. CHARACTERISTICS OF
ACTION/SPORTS MODE
âRepresented by an icon of a sprinter, this is perfect for taking
pictures of moving objects
âAlso good for shooting children or pets in action
âCan give you higher shutter speeds to stop action, along with a
smaller aperture so that more of the action will be in focus
28. CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHT
PORTRAIT MODE
âUsually symbolized by a figure against a dark sky with a star
âFires the flash to illuminate a nearby subject and then holds the
shutter open long enough for the background to be exposed
31. CHARACTERISTICS OF FLASH
MODE
â Auto- Flash Off
âFlash On (mandatory flash, useful for filling in shadows when
shooting in daylight)
âAuto + Red-eye reduction-
âFlash On + Red-eye reduction
âSoft Flash (Diffused flash)
âSlow-sync flash (Second-curtain flash)
39. UNDERSTANDING EXPOSURE
THE WINDOW EXAMPLE
âImagine your camera is like a window with shutters that open and
close.
âAperture is the size of the window. If itâs bigger more light gets
through and the room is brighter.
âShutter Speed is the amount of time that the shutters of the window
are open. The longer you leave them open the more that comes in.
âNow imagine that youâre inside the room and are wearing sunglasses.
Your eyes become desensitized to the light that comes in (itâs like a low
ISO)
â.There are a number of ways of increasing the amount of light in the
room (You could increase the time that the shutters are open (decrease
shutter speed), you could increase the size of the window (increase
aperture) or you could take off your sunglasses (make the ISO larger)
40. APERTURE
âThe aperture of a lens is the diameter of the lens
opening
âThe larger the diameter of the aperture, the more light
reaches the film / image sensor
âAperture is expressed as F-stop, e.g. F2.8 or f/2.8
âThe smaller the F-stop number (or f/value), the larger
the lens opening (aperture) (inverse relationship)
âControls depth of field
50. Depth of Field EXERCISE
âPick a partner
âStand away from your partner
âTake a photograph of their face only with your lens unzoomed
â Zoom in and shoot but only fill the frame with their entire face
again
âSee the difference in depth of field
52. SHUTTER SPEED
âShutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is
open
âShutter speed is measured in seconds â or in most
cases fractions of seconds
âIt is not in isolation from the other two elements of the
Exposure Triangle (aperture and ISO)
âLong shutter causes blur and fast shutter freezes
motion
57. SHUTTER SPEED
EXERCISE
âEveryone pick a partner
âStep outside the classroom
âCapture an image of action (jumping, spinning, etc.)
âStop the action with a fast shutter speed
âBlur the action with a slow shutter speed
58. ISO SETTINGS
âISO speed ïŸ A rating of a film's sensitivity to light. Though digital
cameras don't use film, they have adopted the same rating system
for describing the sensitivity of the camera's imaging sensor. Digital
cameras often include a control for adjusting the ISO speed; some
will adjust it automatically depending on the lighting conditions,
adjusting it upwards as the available light dims. Generally, as ISO
speed climbs, image quality drops.
61. Characteristics of ISO
â Low light conditions use higher ISO
âAction shots use a higher ISO
âKeep ISO lower in bright light
âThe higher the ISO number the more noise is generated
in your photograph
âWhen you enlarge your image you can see the noise