This paper present a design of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) to improve gain and efficiency of a microstrip patch antenna operating in X-band at 10 GHz. The band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS) designed at the operating frequency of the antenna is used. FSS structure is configured as a superstrate for the microstrip patch antenna. The main goal of this paper is design a compact microstrip antenna module (microstrip patch and FSS structure). Simulation results using CST studio showed that high gain (54 % increment) and efficiency is increased to 97% have been achieved by the proposed antenna module (MS and FSS). The equivalent circuit of proposed FSS unit cell in ADS software has been evaluated and compared to simulation results (CST studio) to improve characteristics of the antenna. The proposed antenna module is extremely compact high gain and it can be used for X-band applications.
Radiation performance enhancement of an ultra wide band antenna using metamat...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a metamaterial structure based on frequency selective surface (FSS) cell is proposed to achieve an isotropic band-pass filtering response. This filter consists of a planar layer formed by a 3×3 metamaterials cell array with transmittive filtering behavior at 3.5 GHz. This design with 45×45 mm dimension is then integrated in close proximity at distance of 10 mm with an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna to enhance it’ s performances around a 3.5 GHz operating frequency. Simulation results ensure that filter geometry provides the advantage of the angular stability up to to 45 and also polarization modes independency (transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM)). In addition, enhancement in antenna radiation pattern characteristics is enhanced especially when the FSS filter layer is integrated at a very close distance from the radiator. Moreover, antenna gain was improved to 3.22 dBi, adaptation of antenna port (S 11 ) was increased to -53.26 dB and antenna bandwidth reduction to 1.7 GHz is also detected. All these performances make the proposed design as a good choice used to shield signals in UWB wireless applications especially for connected object in 5G.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far-field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual-band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
This document summarizes research on miniaturizing a microstrip patch antenna using a novel metamaterial structure. A rectangular patch antenna was designed to resonate at 6 GHz. Then, a unit cell metamaterial composed of two nested split octagons was designed and shown to exhibit negative permeability and permittivity in a specific frequency band, behaving as a double-negative metamaterial. An array of these unit cells was placed on the patch antenna substrate. Simulation results showed the antenna's resonance frequency shifted to match the metamaterial's resonance frequency, allowing miniaturization of the antenna dimensions while maintaining performance. Both a 3x5 array and single unit cell were tested, demonstrating size reduction of the antenna for operation at 3
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
Radiation performance enhancement of an ultra wide band antenna using metamat...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a metamaterial structure based on frequency selective surface (FSS) cell is proposed to achieve an isotropic band-pass filtering response. This filter consists of a planar layer formed by a 3×3 metamaterials cell array with transmittive filtering behavior at 3.5 GHz. This design with 45×45 mm dimension is then integrated in close proximity at distance of 10 mm with an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna to enhance it’ s performances around a 3.5 GHz operating frequency. Simulation results ensure that filter geometry provides the advantage of the angular stability up to to 45 and also polarization modes independency (transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM)). In addition, enhancement in antenna radiation pattern characteristics is enhanced especially when the FSS filter layer is integrated at a very close distance from the radiator. Moreover, antenna gain was improved to 3.22 dBi, adaptation of antenna port (S 11 ) was increased to -53.26 dB and antenna bandwidth reduction to 1.7 GHz is also detected. All these performances make the proposed design as a good choice used to shield signals in UWB wireless applications especially for connected object in 5G.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far-field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual-band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
This document summarizes research on miniaturizing a microstrip patch antenna using a novel metamaterial structure. A rectangular patch antenna was designed to resonate at 6 GHz. Then, a unit cell metamaterial composed of two nested split octagons was designed and shown to exhibit negative permeability and permittivity in a specific frequency band, behaving as a double-negative metamaterial. An array of these unit cells was placed on the patch antenna substrate. Simulation results showed the antenna's resonance frequency shifted to match the metamaterial's resonance frequency, allowing miniaturization of the antenna dimensions while maintaining performance. Both a 3x5 array and single unit cell were tested, demonstrating size reduction of the antenna for operation at 3
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified patch antenna design for dual-band operation at 3 GHz and 5 GHz. The antenna design incorporates defected ground structures and slots cut into the patch and ground planes. Simulation results show return losses of -12.17 dB at 3 GHz and -10.04 dB at 5 GHz, meeting the design goals. The antenna was fabricated and measured results matched well with simulations, validating the proposed antenna design for body-centric wireless applications.
Comparative Analysis for Different Stack Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennaijsrd.com
A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line is reviewed in this work. This proposed design represents a stacked patch antenna having an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape and a coupling is provided using square loop structure. The structure is reviewed in two different directions firstly the feed arrangement is varied and secondly a variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation results of this work with different resonator structure and feed structures are presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation results obtained from the proposed antenna for return loss, polar radiation and pattern voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) shows its suitability for ultra wide band application.
In the recent years the improvement in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this paper, we designed a rectangular micro strip patch antenna at 3.8GHz and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative dielectric constant (€r ) substrate thickness (h) and radiation pattern using Ansoft HFSS. It even describes the increasing effect of Gain and Directivity. The Proposed antenna also presents the detail steps of designing the micro strip antenna and the simulated result. The feeding technique used to feed the antenna is coaxial probe feeding technique. Micro strip patch antenna is used in many fields like Antenna and mobile communication, Filters, PCB board model and EMC and EMI. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) substrate with a dielectric constant of approximately 2.2, is a feed and has a partial ground plane. The gain and directivity of the designed antenna is 7.7082 dB and 7.76882dB respectively.
A Triple Band Bow Tie Array Antenna Using Both-sided MIC Technology IJECEIAES
A single-fed linearly polarized 2x2 microstrip bow tie array antenna is proposed. The feed network has microstrip line and slot line where microstrip-slot branch circuit is connected in parallel. The feed network of the array is designed using both-sided M IC Technology to overcome the impedance matching problem of conventional feed networks. The 2x2 half bow tie array antenna is also truncated with spur lines for optimization of antenna performance. The array antenna unit can be realized in very simple and compact structure, as all the antenna elements and the feeding circuit is arranged on a Teflon glass fiber substrate without requiring any external network. The design frequency of the proposed antenna is 5 to 8 GHz (C- Band) and the obtained peak gain is 12.41 dBi. The resultant axial ratio indicates that linear polarization is achieved.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified patch antenna design for dual-band operation at 3 GHz and 5 GHz. The antenna design incorporates slots of different sizes and a defected ground structure to achieve the dual-band functionality. Simulation results using IE3D software show return losses of -12.17 dB at 3 GHz and -10.04 dB at 5 GHz. The fabricated antenna prototype shows good agreement with the simulated results, with a measured return loss of -12.71 dB. The proposed antenna design achieves the goal of operating at two frequency bands for applications requiring body-centric wireless communication.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
This document describes the design and simulation of a square microstrip patch antenna for S-band applications at 2.6 GHz. The antenna was designed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Key parameters of the antenna include a patch size of 41.2mm x 41.2mm, substrate size of 100mm x 90mm made from Rogers RT duroid 5880 dielectric material. An inset feed technique was used with a feed width of 1.8mm and length of 20mm. Simulation results showed a gain of 11.5dB and return loss of -32.11dB at the resonant frequency. Radiation patterns exhibited maximum gain in the broadside direction of 1.87dBi. The proposed antenna design achieved good
The document describes the design and simulation of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with a defected ground structure for STM-1 and cellular applications at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz. A rectangular patch antenna was designed on a dielectric substrate above a ground plane. Two slots were etched into the ground plane to create a defected ground structure. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved return losses of -12.75 dB and -13.01 dB at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz respectively, meeting the design requirements. Parameters like slot width and feed length were optimized to improve impedance matching and bandwidth. The antenna design demonstrates a technique for dual-band operation using a defected ground structure.
This document describes the design and testing of a dual-polarized slot array patch antenna for WiMAX applications operating at 5.8 GHz. The antenna consists of an 8x8 array of circular patch elements, with each element excited using an aperture coupled microstrip feed. The design was optimized using simulation software to achieve high gain (26 dBi), wide bandwidth (14%), high port isolation, and good radiation patterns. Both simulated and measured results showed good agreement. The antenna meets specifications for WiMAX applications in the 5.15-5.9 GHz band and was found to be low-cost and easy to fabricate.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
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BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified patch antenna design for dual-band operation at 3 GHz and 5 GHz. The antenna design incorporates defected ground structures and slots cut into the patch and ground planes. Simulation results show return losses of -12.17 dB at 3 GHz and -10.04 dB at 5 GHz, meeting the design goals. The antenna was fabricated and measured results matched well with simulations, validating the proposed antenna design for body-centric wireless applications.
Comparative Analysis for Different Stack Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennaijsrd.com
A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line is reviewed in this work. This proposed design represents a stacked patch antenna having an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape and a coupling is provided using square loop structure. The structure is reviewed in two different directions firstly the feed arrangement is varied and secondly a variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation results of this work with different resonator structure and feed structures are presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation results obtained from the proposed antenna for return loss, polar radiation and pattern voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) shows its suitability for ultra wide band application.
In the recent years the improvement in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this paper, we designed a rectangular micro strip patch antenna at 3.8GHz and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative dielectric constant (€r ) substrate thickness (h) and radiation pattern using Ansoft HFSS. It even describes the increasing effect of Gain and Directivity. The Proposed antenna also presents the detail steps of designing the micro strip antenna and the simulated result. The feeding technique used to feed the antenna is coaxial probe feeding technique. Micro strip patch antenna is used in many fields like Antenna and mobile communication, Filters, PCB board model and EMC and EMI. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) substrate with a dielectric constant of approximately 2.2, is a feed and has a partial ground plane. The gain and directivity of the designed antenna is 7.7082 dB and 7.76882dB respectively.
A Triple Band Bow Tie Array Antenna Using Both-sided MIC Technology IJECEIAES
A single-fed linearly polarized 2x2 microstrip bow tie array antenna is proposed. The feed network has microstrip line and slot line where microstrip-slot branch circuit is connected in parallel. The feed network of the array is designed using both-sided M IC Technology to overcome the impedance matching problem of conventional feed networks. The 2x2 half bow tie array antenna is also truncated with spur lines for optimization of antenna performance. The array antenna unit can be realized in very simple and compact structure, as all the antenna elements and the feeding circuit is arranged on a Teflon glass fiber substrate without requiring any external network. The design frequency of the proposed antenna is 5 to 8 GHz (C- Band) and the obtained peak gain is 12.41 dBi. The resultant axial ratio indicates that linear polarization is achieved.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified patch antenna design for dual-band operation at 3 GHz and 5 GHz. The antenna design incorporates slots of different sizes and a defected ground structure to achieve the dual-band functionality. Simulation results using IE3D software show return losses of -12.17 dB at 3 GHz and -10.04 dB at 5 GHz. The fabricated antenna prototype shows good agreement with the simulated results, with a measured return loss of -12.71 dB. The proposed antenna design achieves the goal of operating at two frequency bands for applications requiring body-centric wireless communication.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
This document describes the design and simulation of a square microstrip patch antenna for S-band applications at 2.6 GHz. The antenna was designed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Key parameters of the antenna include a patch size of 41.2mm x 41.2mm, substrate size of 100mm x 90mm made from Rogers RT duroid 5880 dielectric material. An inset feed technique was used with a feed width of 1.8mm and length of 20mm. Simulation results showed a gain of 11.5dB and return loss of -32.11dB at the resonant frequency. Radiation patterns exhibited maximum gain in the broadside direction of 1.87dBi. The proposed antenna design achieved good
The document describes the design and simulation of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with a defected ground structure for STM-1 and cellular applications at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz. A rectangular patch antenna was designed on a dielectric substrate above a ground plane. Two slots were etched into the ground plane to create a defected ground structure. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved return losses of -12.75 dB and -13.01 dB at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz respectively, meeting the design requirements. Parameters like slot width and feed length were optimized to improve impedance matching and bandwidth. The antenna design demonstrates a technique for dual-band operation using a defected ground structure.
This document describes the design and testing of a dual-polarized slot array patch antenna for WiMAX applications operating at 5.8 GHz. The antenna consists of an 8x8 array of circular patch elements, with each element excited using an aperture coupled microstrip feed. The design was optimized using simulation software to achieve high gain (26 dBi), wide bandwidth (14%), high port isolation, and good radiation patterns. Both simulated and measured results showed good agreement. The antenna meets specifications for WiMAX applications in the 5.15-5.9 GHz band and was found to be low-cost and easy to fabricate.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
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HIGH GAIN COMPACT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR X-BAND APPLICATIONS
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2016.2105 47
HIGH GAIN COMPACT MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA FOR X-BAND APPLICATIONS
1
Mohamed AlyAboul-Dahab, 2
Hussein Hamed Mahmoud Ghouz and 3
Ahmed
Zakaria Ahmed Zaki
1,2
Professors in Department of Electronics and Communications
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt
3
Master students in Arab Academy for Science, (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt
ABSTRACT
This paper present a design of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) to improve gain and efficiency of a
microstrip patch antenna operating in X-band at 10 GHz. The band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS)
designed at the operating frequency of the antenna is used. FSS structure is configured as a superstrate for
the microstrip patch antenna. The main goal of this paper is design a compact microstrip antenna module
(microstrip patch and FSS structure). Simulation results using CST studio showed that high gain (54 %
increment) and efficiency is increased to 97% have been achieved by the proposed antenna module (MS
and FSS). The equivalent circuit of proposed FSS unit cell in ADS software has been evaluated and
compared to simulation results (CST studio) to improve characteristics of the antenna. The proposed
antenna module is extremely compact high gain and it can be used for X-band applications.
KEYWORDS
Compact; microstrip; frequency selective surface; X-band.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the demand for high gain antennas has increased for use in high-frequency and
high-speed data communication. Microstrip patch antenna characterized by attractive features
such as low cost and compact size, but the important problems of patch antenna are its small gain,
law directivity and narrow bandwidth because of substrate dielectric has surface wave losses [1,
2], so to improve the gain and directivity became an important issue in the antenna design field.
Improving bandwidth, gain and directivity can obtained by an antenna with periodic elements
(FSS) [3-8]. Frequency selective surface (FSS) is a 2D planar structure consisting of a two-
dimensional array of slot elements in a metal sheet or an array of metal patch elements fabricated
on dielectric substrate. The frequency response of FSS is determined by the shape and size of the
structure in one period called a unit cell [9]. Aperture and patch screens generally give
complementary frequency responses, the field is totally transmitted at the resonant frequency of
the aperture while a screen comprised of patches will be nearly totally reflected at the resonant
frequency of the patches [10]. Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) have been investigated for a
variety of applications such as bandpass and bandstop spatial filter [11-14], radar absorbers [15-
17], and artificial electromagnetic bandgap materials [18]. It can also be used as Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) [19].
In this paper, the single band frequency FSS consisting of hexagonal loop elements is used to
enhance gain and efficiency of proposed compact rectangular microstrip antenna operating at 10
GHz. However, the design of such complex structure of FSS is not easy matter due to many
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
design parameters that require
discuss antenna and frequency selective surface (FSS) designs. Section 3 shows result
discussion which include a parametric study of FSS cell and effect of implanting FSS to antenna.
Implementation and Experimental testing of FSS and antenna is discussed in Se
by conclusion in Section 5.
2. ANTENNA AND PROPOSED FREQUEN
SURFACE DESIGN
2.1 Proposed Antenna
Proposed antenna is a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna which designed to operate at
10 GHz in X-band. As shown in figures [1]
thickness ROGGER 5880 substrate with dielectric constan
of 40mm X 40mm and thickness of 0.035 mm is used as the ground plane. The patch uses copper
as material and the thickness of it is 0.035 mm, the patch is symmetrically designed an
point lies in the central line of 3.4 mm
is used as the feed of the conventional patch antenna. The inner conductor of the coaxial line is
attached on the top patch going through the die
to the metallic plate on the other side of the patch antenna.
equations [1, 2] as shown in table
(a)
Figure 1:
Table 1. Proposed antenna parameters
Patch
Wp (mm)
Lp (mm)
Tp(mm)
material
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
that require optimized. This paper is divided into five sections. Section 2
discuss antenna and frequency selective surface (FSS) designs. Section 3 shows result
discussion which include a parametric study of FSS cell and effect of implanting FSS to antenna.
Implementation and Experimental testing of FSS and antenna is discussed in Section
2. ANTENNA AND PROPOSED FREQUENCY SELECTIVE
SURFACE DESIGN
Proposed antenna is a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna which designed to operate at
As shown in figures [1], the rectangular patch antenna is printed on 1.5
substrate with dielectric constant 2.2. A copper plate with dimensions
40mm and thickness of 0.035 mm is used as the ground plane. The patch uses copper
as material and the thickness of it is 0.035 mm, the patch is symmetrically designed an
point lies in the central line of 3.4 mm, a coaxial line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms
is used as the feed of the conventional patch antenna. The inner conductor of the coaxial line is
attached on the top patch going through the dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor is shorted
to the metallic plate on the other side of the patch antenna. All dimensions evaluated by using
] as shown in table 1.
(b)
Figure 1: Antenna (a) Top view (b) Side view
Proposed antenna parameters (MILLEMETER)
Patch Substrate
11.85 Ws (mm) 40
9.13 Ls (mm) 40
0.035 Ts(mm) 1.575
Copper material Roger (εr = 2.2)
48
This paper is divided into five sections. Section 2
discuss antenna and frequency selective surface (FSS) designs. Section 3 shows result and
discussion which include a parametric study of FSS cell and effect of implanting FSS to antenna.
ction 4 followed
CY SELECTIVE
Proposed antenna is a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna which designed to operate at
he rectangular patch antenna is printed on 1.575 mm
copper plate with dimensions
40mm and thickness of 0.035 mm is used as the ground plane. The patch uses copper
as material and the thickness of it is 0.035 mm, the patch is symmetrically designed and the feed
, a coaxial line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms
is used as the feed of the conventional patch antenna. The inner conductor of the coaxial line is
lectric substrate, and the outer conductor is shorted
All dimensions evaluated by using
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
2.2 Proposed FSS unit cell
The proposed cell is a 0.035 mm copper
mm thickness ROGGER substrate with dielectric constant is 2.2 as shown in figure
as passive electromagnetic filters
the gain, efficiency and resonant frequency of the
by shape and dimension of the unit cell
bandwidth and resonance of FSS. Detail dimensions of the hexagonal loops ring element are
evaluated as shown in table 2.
Table
FSS cells (truncated edge) printed on 40mm X 40mm Rogg
FSS structure is placed on top of the proposed rectangular patch antenna
the FSS layer placed at separation (H) is
size of the antenna.
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
0.035 mm copper hexagonal-loop was designed and fabricated
mm thickness ROGGER substrate with dielectric constant is 2.2 as shown in figure
as passive electromagnetic filters and it selectively reflecting a desired frequency band
the gain, efficiency and resonant frequency of the patch antenna. The FSS response is determined
the unit cell, in addition to the permittivity of substrate can control t
bandwidth and resonance of FSS. Detail dimensions of the hexagonal loops ring element are
Table 2. FSS unit cell parameters (mm)
Figure 2: structure of proposed
FSS cells (truncated edge) printed on 40mm X 40mm Rogger substrate as shown in figure 3(a)
FSS structure is placed on top of the proposed rectangular patch antenna as shown in figure.
separation (H) is one over twenty of wavelengths to validate the compact
Symbol mm
A 9.7
B 8
C 0.8
D 1.3
E 4
F 19
G 22
49
was designed and fabricated on 1.575
mm thickness ROGGER substrate with dielectric constant is 2.2 as shown in figure 2. It behave
selectively reflecting a desired frequency band to improve
response is determined
of substrate can control the
bandwidth and resonance of FSS. Detail dimensions of the hexagonal loops ring element are
er substrate as shown in figure 3(a).
as shown in figure.5,
e over twenty of wavelengths to validate the compact
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(a) (b)
Figure 3: (a) proposed FSS Cells (b) structure of proposed antenna module
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, a proposed FSS unit
simulated using the CST-MW simulator.
consists of Microwave Studio, EM Studio, PCB Studio, etc. We focus on the Microwave Studio
which employs the Finite Difference Time Domain Method. The method is based on the time
domain and can cover a wide frequency band with one single simulation run. It is also quick and
suitable for non-uniform models. However, results from CST do not closely fit for configurations
with a large range of dimensions, such as a half wavelength dipole using an impractically thi
wire for example. This is because of CST’s sensitivity to extremely small mesh grid settings.
parametric study of FSS unit cell have been investigated as shown in figures [4], [5], and [6].
3.1 UNITE CELL SIMULATION AND RESULTS
Fig.4 shows the effect of changing modes on transmission and reflection coefficient
characteristics of the proposed FSS unit cell. It is a band stop filter and it rejects wide band from
4 GHz to 14GHZ with center frequency 10GHz at TE and TM mode.
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(a) (b)
Figure 3: (a) proposed FSS Cells (b) structure of proposed antenna module
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
unit cell and the microstrip patch antenna, have been analyzed and
MW simulator. CST stands for Computer Simulation Technology and
consists of Microwave Studio, EM Studio, PCB Studio, etc. We focus on the Microwave Studio
which employs the Finite Difference Time Domain Method. The method is based on the time
equency band with one single simulation run. It is also quick and
uniform models. However, results from CST do not closely fit for configurations
with a large range of dimensions, such as a half wavelength dipole using an impractically thi
wire for example. This is because of CST’s sensitivity to extremely small mesh grid settings.
parametric study of FSS unit cell have been investigated as shown in figures [4], [5], and [6].
3.1 UNITE CELL SIMULATION AND RESULTS
of changing modes on transmission and reflection coefficient
characteristics of the proposed FSS unit cell. It is a band stop filter and it rejects wide band from
4 GHz to 14GHZ with center frequency 10GHz at TE and TM mode.
50
Figure 3: (a) proposed FSS Cells (b) structure of proposed antenna module
, have been analyzed and
stands for Computer Simulation Technology and
consists of Microwave Studio, EM Studio, PCB Studio, etc. We focus on the Microwave Studio
which employs the Finite Difference Time Domain Method. The method is based on the time
equency band with one single simulation run. It is also quick and
uniform models. However, results from CST do not closely fit for configurations
with a large range of dimensions, such as a half wavelength dipole using an impractically thin
wire for example. This is because of CST’s sensitivity to extremely small mesh grid settings. A
parametric study of FSS unit cell have been investigated as shown in figures [4], [5], and [6].
of changing modes on transmission and reflection coefficient
characteristics of the proposed FSS unit cell. It is a band stop filter and it rejects wide band from
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(a)
Figure 4: response of proposed unite cell in (a) TE mode and (b) TM mode.
The equivalent circuit of the proposed FSS unit cell with characteristic impedance Z is shown in
Fig.5(a).The introduced capacitances represent the gap between conductors in the FSS unit
while the inductance represents the metallic parts forming the hexagonal loop shape.
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(b)
response of proposed unite cell in (a) TE mode and (b) TM mode.
The equivalent circuit of the proposed FSS unit cell with characteristic impedance Z is shown in
apacitances represent the gap between conductors in the FSS unit
while the inductance represents the metallic parts forming the hexagonal loop shape.
51
The equivalent circuit of the proposed FSS unit cell with characteristic impedance Z is shown in
apacitances represent the gap between conductors in the FSS unit-cell,
while the inductance represents the metallic parts forming the hexagonal loop shape.
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
52
(a) (b)
Figure 5: (a) equivalent circuit of proposed cell (b) frequency response of proposed cell and its equivalent
circuit of unit cell.
For a proposed FSS unit cell geometry, an equivalent circuit (inductance and capacitance values)
investigated. C1=C2=0. 49 pF and L1= 0.51 nH L2=0. 8 nH ,by changing the values of the
inductances and capacitances, the resonance frequency is changed. Fig.5(b) shows the reflection
and transmission characteristics of the equivalent circuit of proposed unit cell using ADS
Software, two curves (proposed and its equivalent circuit) are almost identical. The filtering
operation is affected by different parameter values such as spacing between loops (D), thickness
of conductor (C) of geometry and type of substrate material (εr).
Figure 6: Effect of the changing conductor thickness “C” on the proposed FSS on the transmission
coefficient.
Thickness of conductor has an important effect on the resonance of unit cell as shown in figure 6,
as the thickness of conductor increase, the resonance frequency shifted toward higher frequency.
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
53
Figure 7: Effect of the changing spacing “D” on the proposed FSS on the transmission coefficient.
Figure.7 shows that the effect of changing space between loops each other, by increase the space
“D” the frequency response shifted toward higher frequencies but bandwidth decrease.
Bandwidth at “D” equal 1.3mm is 5 GHz and at “D” equal 0.325mm bandwidth is 6.5 GHz.
Figure 8: Effect of changing permittivity of the proposed FSS on the transmission coefficient.
The resonance frequency of the stop-band filter is also affected by the relative permittivity of the
substrate. As illustrated in Figure 8, by increasing the substrate permittivity, the resonance
frequency shifted to lower frequency that is allowed to operate at lower frequencies with the same
compact size of FSS.
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
54
Figure 9: Transmission coefficients of FSS cell at D = 0.325mm, C = 0.4mm and eps=6.15
As shown in figure 9, the smallest values of conductor thickness “C” and spacing “D” and the
highest permittivity have been used, so the frequency has been shifted to lowest value with the
same compact size of FSS.
3.2 Antenna and FSS simulation and results
In this section, antenna implanted with and without FSS have been discussed. Figure.10 shows
the return loss of antenna without FSS and with FSS at H=1. 5 mm (separation between antenna
and FSS), returned loss of antenna increase to -16 dB and gain reached to 9.7 which has been
improved by 48% and efficiency enhanced to reach 97% Final antenna results are listed in Table.
3
Figure 10: Return loss of antenna without FSS and with FSS at distance H=1. 5 mm
9. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
55
Table.3 final result of compact microstrip antenna
Figure.11 shows effect of changing the separation (H) between antenna and FSS, at distance H=0.
375mm a new resonance frequency appeared at 9.6GHz, 8GHz and 6.9GHz. At separation
H=1.5mm only one resonance frequency appear at 10GHz, so by decreasing separation between
antenna and FSS that allow an antenna to resonate at new frequencies.
Figure 11: Effect of changing separation between antenna and FSS
(a) (b)
Figure12: Radiation patterns (a) E and (b) H planes
Without FSS With FSS
Fr (GHz) 10 10
S11 (dB) -12 -16
BW (MHz) 600 250
Rad. Efficiency (%) 94.3 97
Gain (dB) 6.2 9.7
10. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(a)
Figure 13: 3D Farfield pattern of antenna (a) without FSS and (b) with FSS
Fig. 12, 13 shows the radiation patterns of antenna
(10 GHz). The maximum gains levels have an obvious enhancement for the two main planes,
along with an increase in the gains relative to that of the initial patch antenna. Before implanting
FSS to MS antenna, the pattern was directiv
FSS to antenna pattern shape has been changed.
became multi-beam which it allowed to use antenna module in many applications such as
scanning array.
4. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
The proposed antenna and FSS ha
thicknessas shown in Fig.14, and S11 of antenna with and without FSS have been measured and
compared to the simulated results as presented in
Figure 15 shows the comparison between simulated and measur
FSS. It is noticed that the measured and simulated resonance frequencies
identical. Figure 16 shows that a good agreement has
simulated results and it is clear
identical.
(a)
Figure.14 The prototype
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
(b)
3D Farfield pattern of antenna (a) without FSS and (b) with FSS
shows the radiation patterns of antenna with and without FSS at operating frequency
(10 GHz). The maximum gains levels have an obvious enhancement for the two main planes,
along with an increase in the gains relative to that of the initial patch antenna. Before implanting
FSS to MS antenna, the pattern was directive with a main loop at 90 degrees. After implanting
pattern shape has been changed. The pattern has been reshaped by FSS and it
beam which it allowed to use antenna module in many applications such as
NTAL VERIFICATION
and FSS have been fabricated on an Rogger 5880 substrate
as shown in Fig.14, and S11 of antenna with and without FSS have been measured and
compared to the simulated results as presented in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16
Figure 15 shows the comparison between simulated and measured S11 for antenna only
measured and simulated resonance frequencies are approximately
that a good agreement has been achieved between measured and
clear that the measured and simulated resonance frequencies are
(b)
The prototype of (a) patch antenna and (b) FSS and (c) antenna module
56
at operating frequency
(10 GHz). The maximum gains levels have an obvious enhancement for the two main planes,
along with an increase in the gains relative to that of the initial patch antenna. Before implanting
e with a main loop at 90 degrees. After implanting
he pattern has been reshaped by FSS and it
beam which it allowed to use antenna module in many applications such as
been fabricated on an Rogger 5880 substrate with 1.575
as shown in Fig.14, and S11 of antenna with and without FSS have been measured and
antenna only without
approximately
been achieved between measured and
measured and simulated resonance frequencies are
(c)
) FSS and (c) antenna module.
11. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
57
Figure.15 antenna without FSS simulation and Measured
Figur3.16 antenna with FSS simulation and Measured
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, high gain microstrip antenna is presented. From simulation results, it is found that
the proposed FSS structure can be used as a stop band filter. The proposed FSS has been then
applied as a superstrate to a conventional patch antenna to improve its gain and efficiency. The
antenna and FSS has been implemented and tested. The measured return losses is in a reasonable
agreement with the simulated results. The gain have been improved up to 9.2 dB (48% increment)
and efficiency increased to 97% at the operating frequency of 10 GHz. The radiation patterns at
frequency 10 GHz is acceptable. With these characteristics. The proposed antenna module
(antenna and FSS) could be used in X-band applications.
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