edible mushroom production and edible mushrooms of pakistan

1. World Production of
Edible Mushrooms
&
Edible Mushrooms of
Pakistan
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Presented to: Dr. A.R. Niazi
Presented by:
Jannat Iftikhar (B11-16)
M. Awais (B11-24)
Fiza Ayub (B11-25)
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION

3. Mushrooms
• The large, macroscopic,
spore-bearing, fruiting
bodies of fungi are
generally referred to as
mushrooms.
• Of the estimated 1.5
million species of fungi,
about 69,000 produce the
fruiting bodies we call
mushrooms.
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4. Mycophagy
• Mycophagy, the act of consuming mushrooms, dates
back to ancient times.
• First reliable evidence of mushroom consumption dates
to several hundred years BC in China.
• Ancient Romans and Greeks, particularly the upper
classes, used mushrooms for culinary purposes.
• The Greeks regarded them as providing strength for
warriors in battles.
• The more ancient Aztecs and the Egyptian pharaohs
considered the edible fungus to be the food of the gods.
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5. Edible Mushrooms
• Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible
fruiting bodies of several species of macrofungi.
• Edible mushrooms are consumed by humans
as comestibles for their nutritional value and
medicinal value.
• 2000 species from more than 30 genera are
• regarded as prime edible mushrooms.
• These mushrooms are wild but now many of the
species are cultivated commercially.
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6. Wild Edible Mushrooms
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Russula cyanoxantha Suillus luteus
Laccaria laccata Calvatia gigantea

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Morchella esculenta Tuber aestivum
Macrolapiota procera Armillaria mellae

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Hydnum repandum Cantherellus cibarius
Craterallus tubaeformis Craterellus cornucopoides

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Boletus spp. Lactarius deliciosus
Lepista nuda Coprinus comatus

11. Cultivated Edible Mushrooms
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Volveriella volvaceae Lentinus edodes
Pleurotus sp
Flammulina velutipes Auricularia auricula Tremella fuciformis

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Agrocybe aegerita Hysizygus tessulatus
Pholiota nameko Agaricus bisporus

14. Mushroom Production
• People have harvested mushrooms from the wild for
thousands of years for food and medicines.
• Chinese first cultivated Lentinula edodes around 1100
AD.
• White button mushroom was fist cultivated in France in
1650.
• Commercial production began in the United States in the
1880s.
• Agaricus is the leading mushroom crop worldwide (30%)
• Pleaurotus ranks second(25%)
• Lentinula is third most cultivated mushroom worldwide
(10%) 14

15. • Roughly 2000 mushroom species from more than 30
genera are regarded as prime edible (Chang, 1991).
• But only 30 have been domesticated and 10 are grown
commercially. Button, oyster, and shiitake mushrooms
make up about 70% of the world’s production.
• During the past 30 years, mushroom production worldwide
increased twenty-fold, with much of that increase
occurring in the 1980s and 1990s.
• Asian countries continue to dominate world production
and consumption.
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16. The Global Mushroom Production
• Global Scenario About the mushroom marketing, Stan
Hughes said “Mushroom growers have mystified me for
years. They put so much effort into growing and so little
into selling”.
• For effective and efficient marketing, especially export, it
is necessary to understand the global trade vis-à-vis the
sources of supply, potential regions of demand and
consumption patterns.
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17. The Global Mushroom Production as
per FAO Statistics
• The global mushroom production as per FAO Statistics
was estimated at about 2.18 to 3.41 million tons over
period of last ten years (1997-2007).
• Since there was an increase of about 56% world
mushroom production in last decades and estimates can
be put on current production to be around 3.5 million
tons.
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18. Major Mushroom Producing
Countries
• China, USA, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, France, Italy,
Ireland, Canada and UK are the leading producers.
• The three major mushroom producing countries as FAO
data China is leading in mushroom production accounts
70% of the total.
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19. • USA is second followed by Europeans countries.
• Production in European countries is confined to
Germany, Italy, France, The Netherlands, Spain, Poland
and others
• In Asian countries the scenario is different and other
species are also cultivated for commercial production.
• World mushroom production (FAO Stat) is continuously
increasing from 0.30 to 3.41 million tons over period of
about last 50 years from 1961 to 2010.
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20. Mushroom Market in
Different Countries
1. USA:
• Largest consumer.
• Larges importer of canned mushroom.
• The amount of imported canned mushroom by US is 64867
tons in 2007-08.
• US export is relatively less as compared to the imports.
• It was 7212 and 708 tons in 2007-08.
• 8119 tons and 1281 tons in 2008-09 respectively.
• Canada is importer.
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21. 2. China:
• Annual production of China is 15,68,532 metric tons and its
import is 17,732 tons.
• Global producer of the mushrooms and exporter of canned
mushroom since 2004.
• China is also largest consumer of mushrooms.
• 95% of their production is used within the country only 5% is
exported.
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22. 3. India:
• Indian production of edible mushrooms is about 250,000 tons
annually.
• Himalaya International has, mushroom production capacity
and its production is anticipated to 9,000 metric tons of
canned mushroom annually.
• Other smaller units are also present with production capacity
of 200-500 tons per acre.
• Punjab, Gujrat, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West
Bengal and other places in the country.
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23. 4. Indonesia:
• The annual production of Indonesia is 18,392 metric tons per
annually (2007).
• A single mushroom growing company ETIRA grows 12775 tons
of fresh mushrooms annually for canning and export.
• It is principle exporter of USA.
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24. 5. European Union Countries:
• Largest producer.
• Spain, Italy. France, Poland, The Netherlands.
• Poland has become the largest volume producer of fresh
mushrooms in Europe, growing 238000 tons of mushrooms
annually.
• German production was about 62,000 tons in 2012.
• The Netherlands production was 250,000 tons.
• Poland, 238,000 tons.
• Spain, 98,000 tons.
• France, 108,000 tons. 24

25. 6. Canada:
• Its annual production was 73,257 tons (FAO,2007).
• Mushroom production is located principally in two provinces,
Ontario and British Columbia.
• They accounts for 57% and 37% respectively.
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26. Global Consumption
• In 2007, global consumption amounted to 3.3 million
tons.
• China, the EU countries and the United States were the
leading global consumers of mushrooms.
• Other major consumers included Canada, Japan, Russia,
Australia, and India.
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Source: Mushroom Industry Report (94003) August 31, 2011

28. Global Trade
• Poland, Netherland, Ireland, China, Belgium, Lithuania,
Canada and USA are the major mushroom exporting
countries.
• While countries like UK, Germany, France, Netherland,
Belgium, Russian Federation and Japan import the
mushroom from above said exporting countries.
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29. Global Trade
• Global exports of canned mushrooms amounted to
458,137 tons in 2008.
• China accounting for 87 per cent of total export volume
in 2008, (4,05,112 metric tons).
• Other major global exporters in 2008 included Indonesia
(18,392 metric tons) and India.
• Global exports of fresh mushrooms averaged around
43,730 tons during 2004–07 before falling to 34802 tons
in 2008.
• Canada and the United States were the largest global
exporters of fresh mushrooms in 2008, together
accounting for nearly 80 per cent of the total export.
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30. Global Trade
• Global imports of canned mushrooms amounted to
292,267 tons in 2008, up by 12 per cent from 260,944
tons in 2004.
• America and Russia accounts the largest share of global
import.
• Global imports of fresh mushrooms amounted to 90,879
tons in 2008, up by 42 per cent from 63,618 tons in 2004.
• Russia (69,726 metric tons) and the United States
together were the most important global import markets
in 2008.
• Canada, Norway, Malaysia, and Ukraine were other
major markets.
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31. • China is the largest producer and consumer of
mushrooms in the world (15,68,523 metric tons
production + 17,732 metric tons imports).
• Followed by USA (3, 59,630 metric tons production +
68,123 metric tons imports) and Netherland (2,40,000
metric tons production + 7,884 metric tons imports)
respectively.
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32. • Netherland is the largest producer and consumer.
• Poland is largest exporter.
• UK largest importer.
• France and Spain are also the larger producers as well as
consumers.
• From outside, China is largest consumer and producer as
well.
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33. Yield of Edible Mushrooms
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Common name Scientific name World production
Tonns/year
Portobello Agaricus bisporus One million
Paddy straw mushroom Volveriella volvacea 60,000
Enoki Flamulina velutipes 40,000
Land fish mushroom Morchella esculenta

34. Yield of Edible Mushrooms
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Common name Scientific name World production
Tonns/year
Shiitake Lentinula edodes 150,000
Oyester mushroom Pleaurotus ostreatus 20,000
Nameko Pholiota nameko 15,000
Ear fungus Auricularia auricula 12,000
Truffles Tuber melanosporum 8000

35. Edible Mushrooms of
Pakistan
• 56 edible species of mushrooms are reported from Pakistan.
• 44 from KPK and Azad Kashmir.
• Five from Punjab.
• Four from Balochistan.
• Three from Sindh
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36. KPK & Azad Kashmir
• M. esculenta
• M. miyabearus
• M. semilibra
• M. smithiana
• M. vulgaris
• P. ostreatus
• Truffles
• Termitomyces
macrocarpus
• T. mammiformis
• T. microcarpus
• Volveriella volvacea
• V. speciosa
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• Agaricus bisporus
• Agaicus sylvaticus
• Armillaria melae
• Boletus edulis
• Bovista nigescens
• Cantherallus citsarius
• Coprinus comatus
• Calvatia gigantean
• Morchella conica
• M. crassipes
• M. delicosus
• M. elata

37. Punjab
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• Agaricus bisporus
• Agaricus silvaticus
• Coprinus comatus
• C. atromentarius
• Lycoperdon
• Pleurotus cornucopiae
• P. dryinus
• P. ostreatus
• Podaxis pitillaris
• Volveriella volvacea
• V. speciosa
• V. bombycina

38. Sindh
• Lycoperdon
• Calvatia gigentea
• Phellorina inguinance
• Podaxis pistillaris
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39. Balochistan
• Agaricus rodmani
• Phellorina inguinance
• Lycoperdon sp.
• Podaxis pistillaris
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40. • The best quality mushrooms available in Pakistan are
Oyster mushroom
The white mushroom
The phoenix ( grey) mushroom
Pink oyster mushroom
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41. • Pakistan exported 97.0 thousand kg mushrooms during the
year 1999-2000 having value of US $ 0.69 million (GOP, 2000).
• About 90 tons of mushrooms are exported to Europe from
Pakistan every year. (Khan et al.)
• Mushrooms earned $6.904 million foreign exchange for
Pakistan.
• About 18-25 thousand kilogram of morels (Morochella
esculenta), which are found in Swat and Kaghan areas of
Pakistan are annually exported to some European countries
(Alam et. al., 2001).
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42. Conclusion
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43. References
• Bryce Kendrick, The Fifth Kingdom, Pub., 01-Jan-2000.
• Sultana et. al., diversity of edible mushrooms in Pakistan, Pakistan J.
agric. Res. Vol. 20 NO. 1-2, 2007.
• Behari Lal Dhar, Changing Global Scenerio in Mushroom Industry,
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mushroom
Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP8) 2014.
• G.C. Wakchaure, Production and Marketing of Mushrooms: Global
and National Scenario, may 19, 2014.
• Tom Harrington and Maria Cullen, Assessment of wild edible fungal
production in Irish woodlands, © COFORD 2008.
• Danny L. Barney, Growing Mushrooms Commercially — Risks and
Opportunities, 2000.
• Khan et al., Impact Of Sawdust Using Various Woods For Effective
Cultivation Of Oyster Mushroom, Pak. J. Bot., 44(1): 399-402, 2012.
• Muhammad Zeeshan Farid & Dr Amjad Farooq, Mushroom farming:
the fungal goldmine, The Express Tribune, October 1st, 2012.
• Mushroom Industry Report (94003) August 31, 2011.
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Thank you

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Any question???