Learn what LoRa, LoRaWAN, Mbed OS and The Things Network is.

1. Efficient IoT solutions based on
LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
Jan Jongboom / Johan Stokking
Etteplan roadshow
20 - 21 February 2019

2. 2
Your hosts
Jan Jongboom
Principal Developer Evangelist, Arm
22
Johan Stokking
CTO, The Things Industries

3. 3
The case for LoRa
Powerconsumption/Bandwidth
Range

4. 4
10kilometers range years of battery life

6. LoRa PHYsics
crash-course

7. 7
High link budget
TX
P (dBm)
RX
Derived from work by Thomas Telkamp
TX Power
Connector loss
Antenna gain
Connector loss
Antenna gain
RX Power
Path loss and fading
14
0
-100
Receiver sensitivity
-137 dBm
14 dBm151 dBm link budget

8. 8
Link budget
Wi-Fi
Sub-GHz 6LoWPAN
LoRa
TX Power RX Sensitivity Link budget
20 dBm -75 dBm 95 dBm
11 dBm -110 dBm 121 dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151 dBm

9. 9
Theoretical maximum in free space
2.4 GHz, with 95.5 dBm link budget:
550 meters
915 MHz, with 151 dBm link budget:
850,000 meters

10. 10

11. 11
Unfortunately... we don't live in free space
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone

12. Based on Tokyo - model for calculating realistic path loss
Picture by Moyan Brenn: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_(16043023330).jpg
Hata model
Large city (250 bps)
Large city (1,760 bps)
Suburb (250 bps)
TX height RX height Range
0.1 m 40 m 4 km
0.1 m 40 m 2.5 km
0.1 m 40 m 9 km
Suburb (250 bps) 1 m 100 m 13 km

13. What is LoRaWAN?

14. 14
LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is a standardized, bi-directional messaging protocol on top of LoRa modulation; the
physical layer
In the data link layer, LoRaWAN manages channels, data
rates and executes MAC commands
LoRaWAN messages contain device addresses and the server
selects gateways for downlink in the network layer
The server and device keep track of frame counters and
perform a message integrity check in the transport layer
LoRaWAN’s over the air activation (OTAA) manages the
creation of a new session with security context
LoRaWAN encrypts application payload but does not prescribe
a binary payload format to use

15. 15
Device classes
Flexibility in power conservation versus fast network initiated transmission
Class A 😴 Class B ⏰ Class C ⚡
Device initiated communication
Devices are typically in deep
sleep and send messages on
intervals and/or events
Only after uplink transmission,
there is a receive window for
downlink messages
Best for most sensor
applications and battery
conservation
Time synchronized
communication
The network broadcasts beacons
for devices to sync time
In so-called ping slots, devices
wake up and the network may
send downlink messages
Best for most downlink intensive
applications
Network initiated
communication
The devices are continuously
listening, often temporarily or
on power supply
The network can send downlink
message at any given time
Best for downlink intensive
applications that require low
latencies

16. 16
Typical LoRaWAN Topology
Network Session Key: Message Integrity
Applicadon Session Key: Join, Encrypdon and Decrypdon
Devices Gateways Network Server User
ApplicaXon
ApplicaXon
Server

17. 17

18. 18
Limitations

19. Arm's IoT offering

20. 20
IoT gets complicated quickly
TLS, low bandwidth
Identity
Key storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer of ownership
Gateway
Factory tooling
Your system

21. IoT gets complicated quickly - do it yourself
21
TLS, low bandwidth
Identity
Key storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer of ownership
Gateway
Factory tooling
Your system

22. Mbed OS
Arm Pelion
TLS, low bandwidth
Identity
Key storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer of ownership
Gateway
Factory tooling
Your system
22
IoT gets complicated quickly - license from Arm

23. Secure connectivity- and management
from chip to cloud,
during the full life time of the device

24. Mbed OS 5 -
Unified security and connectivity

25. 25
LoRaWAN is evolving...
New security principles
(join servers, root keys)
Firmware Updates
now standardized
Device Management
ongoing work
Complexity
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5266523

26. 26
Bootloader
Asymmetric crypto
Storage driver
Resilient filesystem
Advanced
LoRaWAN stack
Radio drivers
FlashIAP
Update clientPower management
Parts required in an IoT device

27. 27
Arm Mbed
A free, open source Platform OS targeting IoT end node devices
Mbed
OS
Cortex-M
RTOS
kernel
Portable
drivers
Integrated
security
IoT
connectivity
Device
management
Development
tools
Developer
community
Partner
ecosystem
150 development boards
LoRa, BLE, Cellular, Wi-Fi, etc.
27

28. 28
Open source and community built
325,000 developers
70+ partners
Apache 2.0 licensed
https://os.mbed.com

29. 29
Built with Mbed
LightGrid Smart Speakers Tilt monitor Beacons Parking sensor Gateway EV Charger Ocean Connect
Asset tracker Gateway Smart City Luminaire Patient tracker
Industrial
sensor Smart city bins Parking barrier
Electric meter
Pedometer Street light Smart shelf Agriculture
Water sensor Submarine
Factory
humidity
Air vent Food allergy
Indoor
positioning Door lock
City mapping
Office lighting

30. Mbed OS
and LoRaWAN

31. LoRaWAN in the Mbed community
Which connectivity do you plan to use in the coming year?
Source: https://os.mbed.com/blog/entry/Results-of-the-Mbed-Developer-Survey-201/

32. Mbed OS LoRaWAN stack
LoRaWAN versions
1.0.2, 1.0.3*, 1.1*
Class support
A & C
Radios supported
SX1272, SX1276
Features
Firmware updates
Channel plans
Highly configurable
Better reception at low data rates
* in branch

33. The numbers
RAM ROM
Typical microcontroller: 32K RAM / 256K Flash
Stack is fully tuneable
Minimum configuration (includes everything):
6K of RAM, 65K of ROM
Optional: offload crypto to external module
* Measured on NUCLEO-F411RE with SX1276
19% 25%

34. Cryptography
TLS
In software With external crypto engine

35. Testing
~1,150 functional tests
Test farm of >800 devices
40,000 hours of testing on real hardware per release
Pre-certified for LoRaWAN 1.0.2
http://www.redwoodcomm.com/product/01.php

36. The secret behind LoRaWAN's battery life...
😴

37. Automatic sleep management
DISCO-L475VG with SX1276 LoRa radio, MBED_TICKLESS enabled

38. Developing for Mbed OS

39. 39https://os.mbed.com/platforms

40. 40
LoRa radio
SX1272 / SX1276 shieldTarget with built-in radio

41. 41
Three development environments
Online compiler Mbed CLI Offline IDE
C:> mbed

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Getting started - Online Compiler
Import https://github.com/ArmMbed/mbed-os-example-lorawan

43. 43
Getting started - Mbed CLI
Install Mbed CLI: https://github.com/armmbed/mbed-cli
$ mbed import mbed-os-example-lorawan

46. Developing on
The Things Network

49. 49
Community Map
The Things Network has more than 900 communities in 137 countries

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The Things Network Stack V3
Released early 2019, The Things
Network Stack V3 is a next
generation LoRaWAN server stack.
It is available open source for
private networks.
We will migrate the community
network in Q3 2019.

51. 51
In progress or RFP
$%&'
()*+
The Things Network Foundation
+*,-
Open Network Infrastructure Association
.
Meshed
/
The Things Network community network
The Things Network has more than 900 communities in 137 countries

52. 52
The Things Industries
The Things Industries is a key provider of private LoRaWAN networks. Our enterprise
grade network server is trusted by over 100 customers for production networks, across a
range of industries.
The Things Industries is the enabler of The Things Network, world’s largest open and free,
crowd sourced LoRaWAN network.

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Getting started
1. Create an account
https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register
2. Start adding devices and create applications from the console
https://console.thethingsnetwork.org
3. Learn about LoRaWAN from the Docs and go through the commonly asked questions on the Forum
https://forum.thethingsnetwork.org
4. Follow the webinar series on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv85CXnZUXEKnlZpQapTAwQ

56. One more thing...

58. 58
http://mbed.com/js

60. 60

61. Google: "firmware updates lorawan"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NoshDOqmdM

62. Let's build this thing together!
Recap
LoRaWAN is awesome
Remember the limitations
Mbed OS, The Things Network and Etteplan are here to help!

63. Thank You!
Danke!
Merci!
谢谢!
ありがとう!
Gracias!
Kiitos!
감사합니다
धन्यवाद
63
Jan Jongboom / Johan Stokking
Slides: http://janjongboom.com