2. coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions
transmits signals between different parts of its
body.
Central nervous system (CNS)
contains the brain and spinal cord
Involuntary movement
parasympathetic system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles
of the long fibers or axons
motor neurons control voluntary movement
sympathetic nervous system
4. Define d as paralysis
Damage of nervous systems
-lost of muscle function for one or more muscles
affected bodily functions.
-loss of feelings
-affected area on sensory damages
5. The three most common causes of paralysis are:
Stroke
Head injury
Spinal cord injury – the spinal cord is a bundle of
nerve tracts that runs through the spine and helps
control the body's muscle
Temporary paralysis occurs during REM sleep
waking paralysis
6. A complete injury
total lack of sensory and motor function
remaining intact axons or nerves crossing the injury
site do not function appropriately.
An incomplete injury
some sensation and movement
ability of the spinal cord to convey “some” messages
to or from the brain
7. There are also a number of medical terms used to
describe different types of paralysis
monoplegia – where one limb is paralysed
hemiplegia – where the arm and leg on one side
of the body are paralysed
paraplegia – where both legs and sometimes the
pelvis and some of the lower body are paralysed
tetraplegia – where both the arms and legs are
paralysed (also known as quadriplegia)
Quadriplegia – where all limbs are paralysed. (Also
known as Tetraplegia)
9. Quadriplegia
-paralysis or weakness in both arms and legs
-Loss of physical sensation
-respiratory issues
-bowel
-bladder
- sexual dysfunction.
10. Paraplegia
loss of physical sensation
Bowel
bladder
sexual dysfunction.
Arms and hands are not affected
11. Spinal cord controls signals to the:
lower parts of the abdomen and the back
the buttocks,
some parts of the external genital organs
parts of the leg
Paraplegia
- Loss of physical sensation, bowel, bladder, and sexual
dysfunction can occur.
The shoulders, arms, and hand function are usually
unaffected.
12. Sacral level injuries primarily cause:
- loss of bowel and bladder function
-sexual dysfunction
These types of injuries can cause:
- weakness or paralysis of the hips and legs
This area of the spinal cord controls signals to
the thighs and lower parts of the legs, the
feet, and genital organs.
13. -taxia describes a lack of muscle control during
voluntary movements
walking or picking up objects
speech
eye movement
swallowing
usually results from damage to
cerebellum
the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination.
Cause including alcohol abuse
stroke
Tumor
cerebral palsy
multiple sclerosis
14. Episodic ataxia
startle, stress, or exertion
continuous tremors of various motor groups (myokymia)
Treatment
Depending on subtype
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Genetic disorder
poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements.
clumsy motion
Physical therapy
range-of-motion exercises
muscle strengthening
15. walkers or canes, might help maintaining
independence.
physical therapy, occupational therapy and
speech therapy.
depends on the cause