1. NatioNalism &NatioNalism &
imperialismimperialism
iN ChiNa aNdiN ChiNa aNd
JapaN, 1815-1915JapaN, 1815-1915

2. CHINA
Manchu Emperor:
Qing Dynasty
China closed to
Foreign Trade:
-One port open
-Limited Access
-Silver only

3. Opium WarOpium War
(1839-1842)(1839-1842)
Causes:Causes:
 British determined to break Chinese trade isolation
Sell Opiumin ChinaSell Opiumin China:
to create certaincertain demand, and
to avoid spending gold and silver
for Chinese products.

4. Opium!Opium!
 By 1838 about 40,000 chests of
opium shipped to China per year.
New Manchu law:New Manchu law:
NO MORENO MORE
OPIUM SALEOPIUM SALE
OR USE INOR USE IN
CHINA!CHINA!
 1839 - Chinese seized & destroyed
British opium in Canton harbor.
 British government considered this
an ACT of WAR!!!ACT of WAR!!!
 1839-1842- “First Opium War”

5. OpiumOpium WarWarss
Treaty of Nanjing =Treaty of Nanjing = FirstFirst
““UNEQUAL TREATYUNEQUAL TREATY””
 The British acquired Hong Kong as a colony,
not just trading rights!
ExtraterritorialityExtraterritoriality: British in China
would be subject to British laws only; not
Chinese.
 Korea, Vietnam and Burma were
released from Chinese tributary relationship
/control
 Silver began flowing outout of China.
 Missionaries permitted to teach
Christianity.
 British gained rights to create more opium
addicts!

6. Other countries wanted same
privileges  more “unequal”
treaties
““SPHERES ofSPHERES of

INFLUENCEINFLUENCE””
European nations’ exclusive
trading rights to parts of
China.
subjugation and humiliation
of China for 100 years.

8. ALL OF CHINA forced to OPEN TOALL OF CHINA forced to OPEN TO
EUROPEAN RELIGION & TRADEEUROPEAN RELIGION & TRADE

10. Significance?
World sawWorld saw
ChinaChina
unable tounable to
keep Britishkeep British
out: weak.out: weak.
ChineseChinese
themselvesthemselves
overthrewoverthrew
thethe
Manchu…Manchu…

11. Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
&& Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion (1900)
 ChineseChinese NATIONALISNATIONALIST “secret societies”T “secret societies”
 Tried to drive out theTried to drive out the WesternersWesterners &&
 overthrow theoverthrow the ManchuManchu.
Put down byPut down by Western troopsWestern troops..
Why did the West want the ManchuWhy did the West want the Manchu
““in power?”in power?”
Mandate of Heaven

12. 1. Taiping1. Taiping
RebellionRebellion
 Hong Xiuquan
 Village schoolteacher who hated Manchu
 Claimed to be the brother of Jesus
 Wanted to abolish private property and give equality for
women
Nationalistic UprisingNationalistic Uprising
Expel foreigners
Expel declining Qing Dynasty (Manchu)
 His armies captured Nanjing; almost took Beijing
 20-30 million killed.

13. 2.2. Boxer Rebellion 1899-1900Boxer Rebellion 1899-1900
*NATIONALISTS**NATIONALISTS*
Wanted Expulsion of allWanted Expulsion of all
Foreigners from ChinaForeigners from China
Japanese, Russian, German, American, British,Japanese, Russian, German, American, British,
Italian and Austro-Hungarian troops put downItalian and Austro-Hungarian troops put down
the uprisingthe uprising  END of QING DYNASTY!END of QING DYNASTY!

14. US Open Door PolicyUS Open Door Policy (1900)
Wanted same rights for
the US: “Me, too!”“Me, too!”
US pledged to “protect the“protect the
integrity of China.”integrity of China.” (Wassat?)
The American public saw
this as “a treaty of
friendship and trade with
China” …

15. The “The Last Emperor”The “The Last Emperor”
Pu Yi (1908-1911)Pu Yi (1908-1911)
Was replaced by a
Republic: 1911Republic: 1911
under the leadership
of
Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen
Video: “The Last
Emperor”
rated R

16. Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen
 Founded the Republic
of China based on the
“Three Principles of the
People”
Nationalism
Liberalism
Peoples’ Livelihood

17. By 1914,By 1914,
ChinaChina
had ended its isolation,had ended its isolation,
ended its dynastic period,ended its dynastic period,
and become a republic.and become a republic.
It was not industrialized, norIt was not industrialized, nor
was it imperial.was it imperial.

18. JAPANJAPAN

19. Commodore Perry Arrived…
Black Ships

20. Matthew Perry & USMatthew Perry & US
““GunboatGunboat
DiplomacyDiplomacy””
 1853: U.S. sent a fleet to end Japan’s self-
imposed isolation & open it to trade.
 Britain, Russia, and Holland later negotiated
similar trade treaties with Japan.
 The intrusion of the West = turning point for
feudal Japan:
The Tokugawa shogunateTokugawa shogunate
overthrownoverthrown for allowing
western nations into Japan!.

21. Meiji RestoRation,
18671867
Meiji means “enlightened
rule”
 Tozama Daimyo, Industrial Leaders &Tozama Daimyo, Industrial Leaders &
Wealthy Farmers overthrew theWealthy Farmers overthrew the
Tokugawa ShogunateTokugawa Shogunate..
New government based on
“Modernization,“Modernization,
Westernization,Westernization,
Industrialization.”Industrialization.”

22. Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) &Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) &
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905))
 China-
 Cause: Conflict over Korea
 Results: Japan won and increased its
influence in Korea & took Taiwan.
 Russia-
 Cause: Conflict over Korea & Manchuria
 Results:
 Japan won and increased its influence
in these areas.
Japan’s global respect & prestigeJapan’s global respect & prestige
increased… and so did theirincreased… and so did their
CONFIDENCE as players on the worldCONFIDENCE as players on the world
stage…stage…

23. Annexation of KoreaAnnexation of Korea
Japan forced Korea into colonialforced Korea into colonial
statusstatus and took total control of
its government and society from
1910-1945.
Manchukuo

24. By 1914,By 1914,
Japan had become anJapan had become an
industrialized nationindustrialized nation,,
&&
a regionala regional militarymilitary &&
imperialimperial power.power.