The document provides information on Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana, the five basic forms of water-based pharmaceutical preparations in Ayurveda. It describes the five types - Swarasa (expressed juice), Kalka (paste), Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), and Sheeta/Hima (cold infusion). For each type, it details the method of preparation, examples of common medicines, dosage, and importance. It explains that these five were selected because they could be prepared easily with limited resources and had a shelf life of 24 hours, allowing preparation as needed in the past.

2. PANCHAVIDHA
KASHAYA
KALPANA
HOW TO MAKE
SIMPLE MEDICAL PREPARATIONS
FOR COMMON AILMENTS
DR.JANARDAN PANDAY
JOINT ADVISOR(AYURVEDA)
ADDL.DRUG CONTROLLER(ISM)

3. INTRODUCTION
• THE ENTIRE SCIENCE OF AYURVEDA HAS BEEN FRAMED UPON
TRISUTRAS (HETU, LINGA AND AUSADHA), AMONG THEM,
AUSADHA IS VERY IMPORTANT.
• IT IS HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ALLEVIATION OF DISEASE AS
WELL AS THE MAINTENANCE AND PROMOTION OF GOOD HEALTH.
• THE DRUG IS LIKE AN INSTRUMENTAL AID TO A PHYSICIAN.

4. (PHARMACY/ PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCE)
THE TERM COMPRISES OF TWO WORDS –
BHAISHAJYA AND KALPANA.
• ANY SUBSTANCE CAN BE CALLED AS “BHESHAJA” IF IT CAN
MITIGATE THE SEVERITY OF DISEASE. IT IS ALSO CALLED AS
“AUSHADHAM” MEANS A SUBSTANCE HAVING THE CAPABILITY TO
ALLEVIATE THE PAIN.
• KALPANA MEANS ‘YOJANA’ (PLANNING)I.E. THE IDEOLOGY OF
MAKING USE OF DIFFERENT DRAVYAS
•IT IS THE PREPARED FORM LIKE SWARAS (JUICE), CHURNA
(POWDER), KWATH (DECOCTION) ETC.

5. CONTD….
Hence 'Kalpana' is the process or modification
through which a substance is transformed into
medicinal form.
Any animal or plant or mineral product to be used
as medicine can not be taken as it is in its raw
form. It has to be converted into that form, by
which it would be therapeutically fit for use.
This complete knowledge of drugs including
identification, procurement, processing,
preparation and application is studied under a
separate branch of learning called “Bhaisajya-

6. What is the purpose of various Kalpanas?
• It increases the potency of medicine by adding or
generating special property (by sanskar i.e. vishesh
gunantardhana).
• It makes the medicine durable.
• It makes the medicine palatable.
• It removes the toxic effect of medicine by purification
(shodhana karma).
• As per the severity of the disease it helps the adjustment of
dosha.
• It makes the medicine as per need of patient and disease.
Bhaishajya Kalpana- Need & Importance

7. • From the Neolithic times, the early humans used stone slabs
to crush drugs and extracted juice or made powder.
• The literary treatises like the Rgveda, Atharvaveda, Samhitas,
Nighantu, etc. give a clearer picture of the existing
pharmaceutical practices, preparation of drugs and their
applications.
•The first systematic knowledge of Bhaishajya Kalpana is found
in Caraka Samhita.
•In Caraka Samhita, the word Kalpa is used for ‘preparations’.
Pancha vidha Kashaya Kalpana-
Development

8. • From the Neolithic times, the early humans used stone slabs
to crush drugs and extracted juice or made powder.
• The literary treatises like the Rgveda, Atharvaveda, Samhitas,
Nighantu, etc. give a clearer picture of the existing
pharmaceutical practices, preparation of drugs and their
applications.
•The first systematic knowledge of Bhaishajya Kalpana is found
in Caraka Samhita.
•In Caraka Samhita, the word Kalpa is used for ‘preparations’.
Pancha vidha Kashaya Kalpana-
Development

9. KALPA
(PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
1 AUSHADH(MEDICINAL) 2 AHARA(DIETETIC)
1
KASHAYA KALPA (WATERY PREPARATIONS)
2 SNEHA KALPA (FATTY PREPARATIONS)
3 SANDHANA (FERMANTED PREPARATIONS)
KALPA
4 OTHERS

10. KASHAYA KALPANA
(WATERY PREPARATIONS)
1 SWARASA (EXPRESSED JUICE)
2 KALKA-CHURNA (PASTE-POWDER)
3 KWATHA/SHRITA (DECOCTION)
4 SHEETA/HIMA (COLD INFUSION)
5 PHANTA (INFUSION)
(LAGHAVAH SYURYATHOTTARAM)
LIGHTER IN DIGESTION IN DESCENDING ORDER

11. • THESE FIVE BASIC FORMS OF PREPARATIONS ARE
USED TO PREPARE MEDICINES FROM BOTANICALS IN
AYURVEDA
• THE WORD KASHAYA MEANS DISTORTION OF THE
ORIGINAL SHAPE OF DRAVYA AND MAKING IT SUITABLE
FOR USE
• THESE ARE MORE EFFICIENT IN POTENCY IN
DESCENDING ORDER, AND ARE USED ACCORDING TO
DIGESTIVE POWER, STRENGTH AND NEED OF THE
DISEASED CONDITIONS

12. CONT.
Some Acharyas had described more than five
basic forms as:
Shadvidh kashaya kalpana has been
described by Acharya sushruta, by adding
Kshira kalpana (medicated milk).
Saptavidh kashaya kalpana has been
described by Acharya kashyap, i.e. by
adding Curna, Abhishava,
BUT THEASE ARE ACCEPTED AS
UPKALPANA

13. WHY ONLY THESE 5 KALPANAS?
• In the ancient times, there were no vessels
to store or preserve the medicine.
• Vaidya used to keep medicine in earthen
vessel as plastic bottles, jars , cork were
not available at that time.
• Moreover, prepared medicines were not
kept for long duration.
• Medicines were prepared for the patient
and in front of patient and was given at
that moment.

14. • SWARASA (EXPRESSED JUICE)
DRY HERBS FRESH HERBS HARD HERBS
COARSE POWDER CRUSHING PUTAPAKVA
SOAKE IN DOUBLE EXPRESSION VASA,NEEM
QUANTITY AQUA BEL LEAF
24 HOURS
MACERATED
EXPRESSED
FILTERED

15. CONT.
So, those preparations were considered or made
which were prepared in less time and with limited
source. Also, these preparations have a shelf-life
of 24 hours , so these were prepared and
consumed quickly.
As there comes an advancement in the culture or
technology, it becomes easy to store medicine and
ways of preserving medicine for long duration
were found.
The various sneha kalpana, asava-aristha kalpanas,
which needs more time, more resources but the

16. SWARASA KALPANA
(JUICY EXTRACTION)
THE JUICE OF THE DRAVYA IS SAID AS ITS SWARASA.
IT IS THE MOST POTENT PREPARATION BUT IS HEAVY DOSAGE FORM.

17. METHOD OF PREPARATION
Crush the dravya properly by mechanical
pressure with the help of machine or hand
and filter it with the help of clean cotton
cloth or sieve.
If fresh herbs are not available, make the
powder of dry herb.
1 part herb powder : 2 parts water.
Keep this mixture in earthen pot for 24
hours. Extract the juice after proper
grinding and straining through a cloth or
sieve.

18. SWARAS CONT.
Putapakwa Method, first prepare kalka
(paste) of the herb to be used from the
clean and healthy part of the plant. Then
wrap it in a leaf and tie it with a thread.
• Over this, mud should be smeared
uniformly for about 1 cm thickness. Then it
should be dried and heated.
• When it becomes red hot, Then it must be
taken out and allowed to cool. The outer
mud layer, leaves etc. should he removed
and juice may be extracted straining the
kalka though a clean cloth.

19. DOSAGE OF SWARAS
Dose – 2 tola i.e. 24 grams
24 ml and 48 ml.
Normally, we can take it as 30 ml.
To make the preparation more palayable and to
increase its potency, some dravya like honey,
sugar, jiraka, etc, known as Prakshepa dravya
are added. Quantity – 1 kola (upto 6 Grams).
Examples of swarasa
Tulsi Swarasa – cough and cold
Guduchi Swaras - good for heart, cough,
breathlessness etc.
Ardraka Swarasa – cough and cold

20. IMPORTANCE OF SWARAS
As it is the most potent preparation , it can be
given in disease of acute nature , but to a
patient who has a strong digestive power
Most of the swaras are used as adjuvant . Adraka
Swarasa, Jambira Swarasa, Tulasi Swarasa etc.
Swaras can be used for processing (bhavana
dravya) i.e. while preparing mercurial / mineral
preparations.
It is useful in case of Sodhana and Marana of
Rasadravyas (Mineral Preparations). Ex:
Bhringaraja ras for Kasisa Sodhana, Vanga
marana with Kumari Swarasa etc.
Swarasa is also used in the preparation of
secondary preparations like Asavaas, Sneha

21. KALKA- PASTE
It is the paste of coarsely powdered drugs.
It is less potent (laghu) and easy to digest as compared to Swaras.

22. METHOD OF PREPARATION
(KALKA)
Crush the dravya properly to make its paste.
If there is dry herb, then add some water and
crush and make a paste.
Examples : Nimba kalka – used in vrana
ropana (wound healing) if applied locally
and used in pitta vikar, kustha etc when
taken orally.
Rasona kalka – used in vata roga, visama
jvara etc.
Dosage of kalka – 1 tola or 12 grams
(approx)

23. CONT (KALKA)
To increase its potency, some dravya like
honey, sugar, jiraka, etc can be added.
Quantity:
i. Madhu, ghrita, taila – double the
quantity of kalka.
ii. Sugar, guda – in equal quantity of kalka
iii. Drava – four times the quantity of kalka
UPKALPANA OF KALKA
Churna kalpana (Powder)

24. CHURNA ( POWDER)
Fine sieved powder of well shade dried
herb/
Method of Preparation
Dry herbs are nicely (NLT 80mess)or coarsely
powdered in Imamdasta or in Disintegrator or
pulverizer machine. Sieved in 90 mess or with thin
cotton cloth.Coarse powder or yavakut of 20-40 mess
are kwatha churna
CAUTION
1-In formulation Ingredients are separately powdered
sieved
& mixed as per formula.
2-salt .suger, camphor, hing mixed in last

25. KWATHA- DECOCTION
It is the aqueous extract of drug, prepared after boiling the
drug with water
Method of preparation
Crush herbs coarsely (yavakut) , add water in 4/8/16 times to
coarse powder quantity boil till the reduction of liquid to
one-fourth/one-eighth and then filtered.
4/8 times water Reduced.to 1/4th
liquid- for soft
herbs(leaf,T.stem,flower)
16 times water Reduced to 1/8th
liquid- for hard
herbs(ht.wood,bark etc.)
8 tines water Reduced to 1/4th
liquid for mixed
quality(hard+soft herbs)

26. METHOD OF PREPARATION- CONT
Quantity of water -Based on quantity of
Herbs for preparation of Kwatha
Herbs less then 4 tola in weight – 16 times
water is required
Herbs weighing in between 5 to 16 tola – 8
times water is required
Herbs above 16 tola in weight – 4 times
water is required
01 Tola =12 Gm.

27. KWATHA (CONT).
Examples –
Punarnavashtak kwath– indicated in sotha,
sula, swasa roga etc.
Maharasnadi kwath– indicated in vata
vyadhi.
Dosage of kwath – 4 tola (upto 48 ml max in
one time)
Readymade Kwaths /kashayams are also
available

28. KWATHA (CONT)
To increase its potency, some dravya like
honey, sugar, jiraka, etc can be added.
Quantity–
Curna – 1 shana (3 gram approx)
Madhu – 1/16th
, 1/8th
,1/4th
part for vata, pitta
and kapha roga resp.
Sugar – 1/4th
, 1/8th
, 1/16th
part for vata, pitta
and kapha roga resp.
Drava – 1 karsha (1 tola) i.e. 1/4th
of kwath

29. UPA KALPA OF KWATHA
PRAMATHYA
A paste of the herbs boiled in 8 times quantity of water on
low flame and reduced to 1/4th
then macerated ( consumed
unfiltered)
Pramathya of
bael, shunthi, dhaniya, hareetaki, nagarmotha
Is prescribed in diarrhea
In the dose of 2 pala ( 96gm) at a time.(
OR
Pramathya of
Nagarmotha,khas,bel-giri,shunthi & Dhaniya
Is good for acute and sub acute Diarrohea

30. UPA KALPA OF KWATHA
LAKSHA RAS
Lac/gum of ficus religiosa (peepal tree)
boiled in the DOLA YANTRA
decanted & filtered 21 times
through a thin cloth is called laksha ras.
(Quantity Of water into DOLA YANTRA
need to be kept 6 times of laksha
& reduced to quarter)
Uaeful for
Muscular dystrophy

31. UPA KALPA OF KWATHA
MAMSA RAS
Goat Meat when boiled at low flame in sufficient quantity of water by which
bones are separated from the meat & its marrow comes out in the water & it
remains in semi solid form is called mamsa ras.
Varieties :-
1.Krit mamsa ras – salt, pepper, cumin, ginger, asoefitide etc. along with
ghee/oil are added.
2.Akrit mamsa ras – Above juice without spices.

32. VESHVAAR
Soup of the goat meat (boneless) mixed with rock salt, powder of piper longum,
ginger, pepper& jaggery (guda) is called Veshvaar.

33. Indications :-
Preenan (nourishing)
Pranajanak (promoter of life force)
Swasa (asthama), kasa (cough), kshaya (T.B)
Hridya (cardiotonic), Bone union promoter (fracture)
Shukral (spermetogenic )
Bala vardhana (health promotor)

34. KSHEERPAK
When herbs boiled in 8 times of cow’s milk & 4 times of water to the milk (32
times) & reduced to the quantity of milk (8 times).
Herb 1 part
Milk 8 part of herb
Water 32 part of the herb
Reduced to 8 parts = ksheerpak
Precaution :-
sour, salty, astringent materials avoided
Important drugs :-
arjuna, rasona, shunti, chandan, shatavari, ashwagandha, gokshura, moong,
mushli etc.

35. USHNODAK
Water boiled & reduced to ½, 4 or 8 is called ushnodak.
1.½ part for Shishira, Vasanta and Greeshma
2.4 part for Sharad
3.8 part for hemantha & Varsha (pravrit)
Indication:-
Obesity, constipation, Anorexia, phlegm,
dyspnea, fever

36. PANEEYA
Medicines boiled on a slow heat in the ratio of 1:64 & reduced to half, filtered,
used after cooling in room temperature.
viz. – Shadangapaneeya for fever & thirst

37. VATYA MANDA
Coarse husk less Barley (Nistush) powder boiled in 14 times of medicated water
till cooked completely & to be used after filtering by mixing sugar or salt or
pepper, ginger as per taste.
Indication:-
Good for throat infections, improving taste, hemoptysis, mitigates kapha & pitta.

38. LAJA MANDA
Fried poped rice prepared in similar fashion of vatya manda.
Indication:-
Thirst, diarrhea, anorexia, cardio tonic, digestant
This can be used in children, aged, pregnant ladies (safe for evryone)

39. SHITA- COLD INFUSION
Also known as Hima kalpana.
Fourth kalpana among panca vidh kashaya kalpana.
Usually made from drugs with aromatic contents.
Cold water is used for dissolving contents of drugs.

40. METHOD OF PREPARATION
Dravya is crushed and cold water is added in ratio of 1 part (drugs): 6 (water)
parts.
The mixture is kept overnight and is ground and filtered through a clean cloth/
sieve in the morning .
Examples-
Dhanyaka hima – indicated in trsna and daha
Sarivadi hima – indicated in rakta vikar, pitta vikara.
Dosage – 1 pala/ 4 tola (48 ml approx.)

41. PHANTA-HOT INFUSION
It is the last kalpa among panch-vidha kalpana.
It is extremely light for digestion.
Hot water is used

42. METHOD OF PREPARATION
Dravya is crushed and hot water is added in ratio of
1 part (drugs) : 4 parts (water)
The mixture is ground & well filtered and used in luke warm condition.
Examples –
Sudarshan phanta – indicated in jvara
Panchkola phanta – indicated in indicated in kapha jvara, pratishaya.

43. PHANTA (CNTD)
Dosage –
4 tola – 8 tola (48-96 ml)

44. OTHER COMMON DOSAGE FORMS
Guggulu- Ayurvedic medicines prepared by the
exudates. Exudates in small pieces are taken in
a piece of cloth and boiled in gomutra or
Dugdha or Triphala decoction until it becomes
soft mass and then taken out of the the cloth
and dried. After drying, the mass is formed into
a paste by adding ghee till it becomes waxy.

45. CONT.
Rasa Aushadi- Ayurvedic medicines containing
metals/mineral drugs as the main ingredients
are called Rasa yogas. They are available in pill
form or in powder form.
Metals, minerals such as Swarna (gold), Rajata
(silver), Tamra (Copper) are used in bhasm form
in these preparations. These are converted into
Bhasma form with the help of other drugs which
are added in small quantities, mixed well and
grounded in the vessel to form fine powder.

46. ARKA - DISTILLATE
For Ingredients having Volatile Contents
Gulab Jal
Pudinah Arka
Ajowain Arka
Gomutra Arka

47. MEDICATED GHRIT - TAILA
Sneha kalpana- Ghrta or Taila are prepared by boiling prescribed kwath
(decoction ) and kalka of drugs in oils/Ghrta according to the formula
prescribed in Ayurvedic formulary.
External Application- Mahanarayan Tail, Saindhawadi Taila
Internal Use- Shadbindu Tail, Brahmi Ghrita, Mahatriphaladi Ghrita etc.

48. ASAV-ARISHTA
Specialized Preparation of Ayurveda
Asavas and Aristhas are made by soaking the herbs either in powder
form or in the form of decoction in a solution of sugar or jaggery, as
the case may be, for a specific period of time, during which it
undergoes a process of fermentation and facilitates the extraction
of the active ingredients contained in the herbs.

49. LEAP
Pralepa - Cool
Pradeha - Hot
Aalepa – In b/w
Should be used fresh
Not indicated during Night
Dashang Lepa, Mukhkantikara Lepa

50. ALCOHOLIC PREPARATIONS
Sidhu – Sugarcane
etc. sweet fruits
Sura- Yava (Barley),
Wheat, Rice
Prasanna- Distilled
Sura
Kadambari- Thicker
than Prasanna
Jagal - Thicker than
Kadambari
Medaka- Thicker
part than Jagal
(less alcohol)
Vakkas- Remaining
part (without
alcohol)
Maureyak- Asav+
Sura: Redistilled
Varuni-Kharjur
Kohal- Barley &
Wheat made liquor

51. PREPARATION CAN BE USED AS DIET AS WELL
AS DRUGS
Manda- No rice
particles (14)
Peya- Some rice
particles
Yavagu- More rice
particles in liquid
(6)
Vilepi- less liquid
more rice particles
(4)
Anna/Bhakta-
Cooked rice (5)
Krishra –
Khichdi 2:1
Yush- Soup –
Krit & Akrit
Manth– Sattu
(8)
Panaka- Panna
(16)

52. UPNAHA
Poultice
Malhar
• Ointment
• Sarjaras Malhar,
Kshar
• Alkali preparations
• Apamargkshara, Ksharasutra

53. MODERN DOSAGE FORMS ADOPTED IN
AYURVEDA MEDICINES
Tablets
Capsules
Syrups
Gels / Creams