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1. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. Jainna Leon Davila Cevate -1F-N

3. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. Three Important Caveats in Considering the Family as an Educational Institution Improving the family as an educational institution is not a substitute for national/state educational improvement and accountability efforts. We must do both. Better equipped families can be important allies to teachers and schools in their efforts to improve achievement and close the achievement gap. The family is our most private institution and this privacy must be respected in any efforts that are made.

6. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. “ Parent-Pupil” Ratio is in Decline – a Development Unfavorable to Raising Educational Achievement Just over one in three Black children live with both parents, well below the national average.

7. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. Differences in Children in Single-parent Families Correlate with State Academic Achievement

8. Raising Children in One-parent Families is an Increasing Trend in the Developed World T he United States has the highest percentage of single parent families in comparison to 10 other advanced economic countries. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service.

9. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. Large Differences Exist Among Families in Early Language Acquisition and Literacy Development These are critical to cognitive development and school achievement

11. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. Our Unequal Child Care System May Be Reinforcing and Perpetuating Achievement Gaps Child care is the larger family in which many children spend many “unequal” hours. Throughout the country child care availability is limited and its quality uneven. Black children are most likely to be in some type of day care (63%), compared to about 40% of other groups. Many children, particularly poor and minority children, are in low-quality care.

12. Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service.