Procedures/functions of rdbms

Submitted To : Submitted By : Er.Naresh Garg Sandeep Kumar(4742) Lecturer in RDBMS Pralabh Jain(4736) Puneet Jain(4739) Shiv Kumar(4748) Yohal Garg(D-8206)

Stored procedures and Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Uses for procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Creating a procedure Argument Modes

Creating a procedure ,[object Object],[object Object],CREATE PROCEDURE fire_employee (empid NUMBER) AS BEGIN … DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno= fire_employee.empid; END

Creating and changing a function Example CREATE FUNCTION get_bal (acc_no NUMBER(4)) RETURN NUMBER(11,2); IS acc_bal NUMBER(11,2); BEGIN SELECT balance INTO acc_bal FROM accounts WHERE account_id_no=acc_no; RETURN (acc_bal); END;

Statements in procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Executing a stored procedure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],fire_employee (empno); scott.fire_employee (empno); scott.fire_employee@ny (empno); EXECUTE fire_employee (1043) SQLPLUS>BEGIN FIRE_EMPLOYEE(1043);END; EXEC SQL fire_employee (:empno);

Specifying procedure arguments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Specifying procedure arguments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],update_sal Legal (7000,sal_incr=>500,bonus=>20); update_sal Illegal (empno=>7000, sal_incr=>500,20);

How procedures are entered into the database ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PL/SQL Compilation Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

USER-DEFINED System Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],raise application_error (error_number,’text of the message’) sys.standard_utilities. Raise_application_error

USER-DEFINED System Errors Example CREATE PROCEDURE fire_employee (empid NUMBER) AS BEGIN IF empid <=0 THEN raise_application_error (-20100,’Employee number must be> 0’); ELSE DELETE FROM emp WHERE EMPNO =EMPID; END IF; END; SQLDBA> EXECUTE FIRE_EMPLOYEE(-1); ORA=-20100: Employee number must be >0

Debugging methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TEXT_IO package Rolls back or commits with transaction DEBUG_IO package Writes despite error, rollback,commit A PL/SQL debugger

Dependencies and Procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],procedures,functions,packages,tables,views,synonyms,sequences local: objects are on the same node remote: objects are on separate nodes

Recompilation of Dependent procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recompilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Manual Recompilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ALTER PROCEDURE schema Procedure COMPILE

Changing a procedure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE fire_employee AS . . . END; ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dropping a procedure DROP PROCEDURE Example DROP PROCEDURE fire_employee; Marks dependent objects for recompilation schema Procedure

Privileges for procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GRANT EXECUTE ON scott.hire_fire TO mkennedy WITH GRANT OPTION;

Privileges for procedures PROCEDURE system privileges apply to procedures, functions, and packages

Benefits of Procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Benefits of Procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Procedures/functions of rdbms

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Procedures/functions of rdbms