Cath lab is an examination room in a hospital or clinic with diagnostic imaging equipment used to visualize the arteries of the heart and the chambers of the heart and treat any stenosis or abnormality found.

1. CATHLAB PROCEDURES

2. CATHLAB PROCEDURES
CATHLAB
DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT

3. CONT…
ALSO DIVIDED INTO
CARDIAC AND NON CARDIAC CASES

4. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
PERIPHERAL ANGIO
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
VENTRICULOGRAPHY
GREAT VESSEL ANGIOGRAPHY(AO/PA)
FFR/ IFR
IVUS/ OCT(IMAGING)
CEREBRAL ANGIO/4 VESSEL ANGIO
VENOGRAM
RENAL ANGIO/ HEPATIC ANGIO/MESENTRIC ANGIO
COLONOGRAM
EP STUDY
LOOP RECORDER
NEPHROGRAM
FISTULOGRAM

5. TREATMENT(CARDIO)
PTCA
PRIMARY PTCA
ASD/ VSD/ PDA/ LAA/ RSOV DEVICE CLOSURE
PARAVALVULAR LEAK CLOSURE
PACEMAKER/ ICD/ CRT D/P
ALCHOL SEPTAL ABLATION
RF ABLATION
TPI/ IABP/ IMPELLA IMPLANTATION
ROTABLATOR
TAVI
MITRAL VALVE CLIPPING

6. TREATMENT (NON CARDIAC)
PEREPHERAL PLASTY
FISTULOPLASTY
IVC FILTER
VENOPLASTY
CAROTID STENTING
MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
CEREBRAL ANEURYSM COILING/ GLUE/ FLOW DIVERTER
CEREBRAL AVM GLUE
CEREBRAL STENTING
EMBOLIZATION

7. CONT..
RENAL STENTING
AORTIC STENT GRAFT
PTBD
NEPHROSTOMY
URETRIC STENTING/D J STENTING
PERMCATH INSERTION/ IJ INSERTION
TACE/TARE
LIVER BIOSPY
TIPS
HEPATIC STENTING

8. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
PRIMARY PTCA
MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
EMBOLIZATION
TPI
IABP

9. WHAT IS ANGIO GRAPHY
ANGIO MEANS :RELATING TO BLOOD VESSELS
ANGIOGRAPHY MEANS:RADIOGRAPHY OF BLOOD OR LYMPH VESSELS,
CARRIED OUT AFTER INTRODUCTION OF A RADIOPAQUE
SUBSTANCE(CONTRAST/DYE).

11. ANGIOPLASTY
ANGIOPLASTY, ALSO KNOWN AS BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS
TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY (PTA), IS A MINIMALLY
INVASIVE, ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURE TO WIDEN NARROWED OR OBSTRUCTED
ARTERIES OR VEINS, TYPICALLY TO TREAT ARTERIAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
A DEFLATED BALLOON ATTACHED TO A CATHETER (A BALLOON CATHETER) IS
PASSED OVER A GUIDE-WIRE INTO THE NARROWED VESSEL AND THEN INFLATED
TO A FIXED SIZE.
THE BALLOON FORCES EXPANSION OF THE BLOOD VESSEL AND THE
SURROUNDING MUSCULAR WALL, ALLOWING AN IMPROVED BLOOD FLOW.
A STENT MAY BE INSERTED AT THE TIME OF BALLOONING TO ENSURE THE VESSEL
REMAINS OPEN, AND THE BALLOON IS THEN DEFLATED AND WITHDRAWN.
ANGIOPLASTY HAS COME TO INCLUDE ALL MANNER
OF VASCULAR INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE TYPICALLY
PERFORMED PERCUTANEOUSLY.
THE WORD IS COMPOSED OF THE COMBINING FORMS OF THE GREEK WORDS
ἀΓΓΕῖΟΝ ANGEÎON "VESSEL" OR "CAVITY" (OF THE HUMAN BODY) AND
ΠΛΆΣΣΩ PLÁSSŌ "FORM" OR "MOULD".

13. WHAT IS A CLOSURE DEVICE?
Closure devices are used to close a defect or an opening between the
right and left sides of the heart.
Some of these birth defects are located in the wall (septum) between
the upper chambers (atria) /lower chambers of the heart or at the
great artery level:
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT(VSD)
PATENT DUCTUS ATERIOUSIS(PDA)

15. EPS AND RFA
An EP study is a test that shows how electrical signals move in
pathways through your heart. When the pathway is normal, your heart
beat is regular. When these signals are abnormal, your heartbeat is
irregular. An irregular heartbeat is called an arrhythmia (ahrRITH-
mee-ah).
RFA is a procedure used to treat some types of arrhythmias. In most
cases, it can be done at the same time as an EP study. Your doctor
will tell you if you are scheduled for an EP study, an RFA procedure,
or both.

17. LOOP RECORDER
An implantable loop recorder (ILR), also known as an insertable
cardiac monitor, is a small device about the size of a pack of chewing
gum or USB memory stick that is implanted just under the skin of the
chest for cardiac monitoring (that is, to record the heart's electrical
activity).[1]

19. LAA CLOSURE

20. LAA CLOSURE
Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), also referred to as Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is a
treatment strategy to reduce the risk of left atrial appendageblood clots from entering the
bloodstream and causing a stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).
In non-valvular AF, over 90% of stroke-causing clots that come from the heart are formed in the left
atrial appendage.[1] The most common treatment for AF stroke risk is treatment with blood-thinning
medications, also called oral anticoagulants, which reduce the chance for blood clots to form. These
medications (which include warfarin, and other newer approved blood thinners) are very effective in
lowering the risk of stroke in AF patients. Most patients can safely take these medications for years
(and even decades) without serious side effects.
However, some patients find that blood thinning medications can be difficult to tolerate or are risky.
Because they prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, blood thinners can increase the risk of
bleeding problems. In select patients, physicians determine that an alternative to blood thinners is
needed to reduce AF stroke risk. Approximately 45% of patients who are eligible for warfarin are not
being treated, due to tolerance or adherence issues.[2] This applies particularly to the elderly, although
studies have indicated that they can also benefit from anticoagulants.[3]
Left atrial appendage closure is an implant-based alternative to blood thinners. Like blood thinning
medications, an LAAC implant does not cure AF. A stroke can be due to factors not related to a clot
traveling to the brain from the left atrium. Other causes of stroke can include high blood pressure and
narrowing of the blood vessels to the brain. An LAAC implant will not prevent these other causes of
stroke

21. BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY
A valvuloplasty, also known as balloon valvuloplasty or balloon
valvotomy, is a procedure to repair a heart valve that has a narrowed
opening.
In this valve condition, the valve flaps (leaflets) may become thick or
stiff, and they may fuse together (stenosis). This causes the valve
opening to be narrowed and results in reduced blood flow through
the valve.
A valvuloplasty may improve blood flow through the valve and
improve your symptoms

23. TAVI
TAVI, also called TAVR (transcatheter aortic valve replacement), and
it is a less invasive procedure that is designed to replace a diseased
aortic valve. This procedure used to only be available for people who
were too weak to undergo open heart surgery.

25. IVC FILTER
An IVC filter is a small device that is placed in your inferior vena
cava to prevent blood clots from moving through your blood into
your lungs

26. PACEMAKER
A pacemaker is a small electrical device, fitted in the chest or
abdomen. It's used to treat some abnormal heart rhythms
(arrhythmias) that can cause your heart to either beat too slowly or
miss beats. Somepacemakers can also help the chambers of your
heart beat in time.

28. CRT

29. CRT
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is the insertion of electrodes in the
left and right the heart, as well as on occasion the right atrium, to
treat heart failure by coordinating the function of the left and right
ventricles.[1]
CRT is indicated in patients suffering from a low ejection fraction (typically
<35%) indicating heart failure, where electrical activity has been
compromised, with prolonged QRS duration to >120 ms.[2]
The insertion of electrodes into the ventricles is done under local anesthetic,
with access to the ventricles most commonly via the subclavian vein,
although access may be conferred from the axillary or cephalic veins. Right
ventricular access is direct, while left ventricular access is conferred via
the coronary sinus (CS).
CRT defibrillators (CRT-D) also incorporate the additional function of
an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), to quickly terminate an
abnormally fast, life-threatening heart rhythm. CRT and CRT-D have become
increasingly important therapeutic options for patients with moderate and
severe heart failure.[3]

30. ICD

31. ICD
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or
automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) is a device
implantable inside the body, able to perform
cardioversion, defibrillation, and (in modern versions) pacing of the
heart.

32. PERICARDIOCENTESIS,
Pericardiocentesis, also called a pericardial tap, is an invasive
procedure that involves using a needle and catheter to remove fluid
(called a pericardial effusion) from the sac around the heart (the
pericardium

34. NEPHROSTOMY
A nephrostomy is an opening between the kidney and the skin.
A nephrostomy tube is a thin plastic tube that is passed from the
back, through the skin and then through the kidney, to the point
where the urine collects. Its job is to temporarily drain the urine that
is blocked.

36. PTBD
PTBD • A Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage is a
percutaneous therapeutic procedure which leads to the drainage of
the obstructed bile duct system.

38. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt or TIPS is a procedure
that uses imaging guidance to connect the portal vein to the hepatic
vein in the liver. A small metal device called a stent is placed to keep
the connection open and allow it to bring blood draining from the
bowel back to the heart while avoiding the liver. TIPS may successfully
reduce internal bleeding in the stomach and esophagus in patients
with cirrhosis.

39. Patients who typically need a TIPS have portal hypertension, meaning
they have increased pressure in the portal vein system. This pressure
buildup can cause blood to flow backward from the liver into the
veins of the spleen, stomach, lower esophagus, and intestines,
causing enlarged vessels, bleeding and the accumulation of fluid in
the chest or abdomen. This condition is most commonly seen in
adults, often as a result of chronic liver problems leading to cirrhosis
(scarring of the liver). Portal hypertension can also occur in children,
although children are much less likely to require a TIPS.

40. A TIPS is used to treat the complications of portal hypertension,
including:
variceal bleeding, bleeding from any of the veins that normally drain
the stomach, esophagus, or intestines into the liver.
portal gastropathy, an engorgement of the veins in the wall of the
stomach, which can cause severe bleeding.
severe ascites (the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) and/or
hydrothorax (in the chest).
Budd-Chiari syndrome, a blockage in one or more veins that carry
blood from the liver back to the heart.

42. ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION
Alcohol septal ablation (ASA, TASH procedure) is a percutaneous, minimally
invasive treatment performed by an interventional cardiologist to relieve
symptoms and improve functional status in severely symptomatic patients
with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who meet strict clinical, anatomic
and physiologic selection criteria. In carefully selected patients, when
performed by an experienced interventional cardiologist, the procedure is
successful in relieving symptoms in over 90% of patients.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition of the heart muscle which grows
abnormally thick, in the absence of a physiologic cause such
as hypertension (high blood pressure) or aortic valve disease. In a large
subset of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, thickening
of the heart muscle in a particular part of the interventricular septum causes
obstruction to blood being ejected from the left ventricle.
Alcohol septal ablation is a technique designed to reduce the obstruction to
blood being ejected from the heart. The technique creates a small
controlled heart attack, killing the area of heart muscle responsible for the
obstruction, and eventually causing it to become less thick.

44. MITRAL VALVE CLIPPING
A mitral valve clip is a procedure which repairs themitral valve. ... The
effect of this is to prevent or minimise the amount
of regurgitation through thevalve. This procedure is often
recommended for patients who are too high risk for open-
heart surgery

46. IMPELLA , LV ASSIST DEVICE
The Impella 2.5® heart pump pulls blood from the left ventricle
through an inlet area near the tip and expels blood from the catheter
into the ascending aorta
impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA) is a percutaneously inserted
ventricular assistdevice (VAD). It has been increasingly used in
patients with severe heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and high-risk
percutaneous intervention (PCI).

48. ROTABLATOR
What is rotablation for coronary artery
stenosis? Rotablation represents an addition to the standard
PTCAprocedure. While a standard PTCA procedure is limited to the
use of balloons and stents, rotablation also uses a tiny drill, powered
by compressed air, to remove calcified deposits.
A procedure called atherectomy is occasionally used to open up
blocked arteries in the legs or even the coronary arteries in the heart.
Atherectomy uses a catheter with various designs that can either
remove or shave off plaque in your blood vessels and helps restore
blood flow

49. ROTABLATOR Rotational Atherectomy System diamond-tipped burr
designed to immediately engage the lesion to facilitate safe ablation.
... Features the front-cutting, stable rotation of a diamond-tipped
burr recognized by physicians as an optimal device to ablate calcium
in coronary arteries.

51. MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
Mechanical thrombectomy is a treatment for stroke that removes
clots that block large blood vessels. Some patients may be candidates
for this procedure using an angiogram or a catheterization and a
device that grabs clots and removes them, to reestablish blood flow
to the brain.

53. ANEURYSM COILING
Endovascular coiling is a minimally invasive technique, which means
an incision in the skull is not required to treat the brain aneurysm.
Rather, a catheter is used to reach the aneurysm in the brain. During
endovascular coiling, a catheter is passed through the groin up into
the artery containing the aneurysm.

55. EMBOLIZATION
Embolization involves the selective occlusion of blood vessels by
purposely introducing emboli, in other words deliberately blocking a
blood vessel. Embolization is used to treat a wide variety of
conditions affecting different organs of the human body.

56. DJ STENT
DJ stent is the short form for double “J' stent. It is a small tube that is
placed in the body from the Kidney to the Urinary bladder.

57. PERMCATH
A permacath is a piece of plastic tubing - very similar to a jugular
catheter - and is used in exactly the same way for your
haemodialysis. The permacath has a cuff that holds the catheter in
place and acts as a barrier to infection.