The document provides summaries of several historical conflicts and events: 1. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the British East India Company's army in May 1857 and included mutinies and civilian rebellions across northern India. 2. The Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the British Empire, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia over influence in the declining Ottoman Empire. 3. The French Intervention in Mexico from 1862 to 1867 followed Mexico's suspension of debt payments and resulted in France establishing a short-lived empire in Mexico.

1. Civil Wars and Empires
By Jake Flores
History 141

2.  Intro - Death in September
 1. Sept 17, 1862, 6,300 to 6,500 lives were lost
near Sharpsburg, Maryland CH. 3 – The Federals got a Very
 - More than twice the number of deaths Complete Smashing: Aug-Sept 1862
 than 9/11/2001 1. Union war effort was not going
 CH. 1 – The Pendulum of War: 1861 – 1862
well especially in the eastern theater
 1. With the seizure of Ft. Sumter, the 2. Robert E. Lee and Stonewall
Jackson were outshining their
 South only needed to defend its
Northern counterparts
 possession to win the war.
3. The South triumphed at Second
 2. James Mason vs. Charles Francis Adams
Manassas and in the Shenandoah
 a. Mason of Virginia lobbied Britain to
Valley
recognize the Confederacy
4. Managed to turn back McClellan's
 b. Adams (son of John Quincy) lobbied to
prevent British recognition of Confederacy invasion of Virginia
 CH. 2 – Taking Off the Kid Gloves: June-July 1862
 1. 1862, support for Confederates’
 views among European leaders and citizens
 2. Lack of Federal success triggers a wider and
deeper commitment in the Union to wage a
different sort of war.
Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam
(part 1)

3. CH. 4 Showdown at Sharpsburg
1. The Richmond Enquirer wrote
propagandistically of the South’s deliverance of
Maryland from Northern tyranny, and the
optimism of Southern victory
2. The reality was quite different. Maryland did
not welcome the Southern invaders.
3. Weak strategic victory at Antietam diminished
any successes Lee may have had in winning the
hearts and minds of the people of Maryland
CH. 5 The Beginning of the End
1. The Northern Army of Virginia was badly hurt.
2. The battle deeply affected the moral of
Southern troops
3. The Emancipation Proclamation grew from a
need to re-ignite Northern enthusiasm by
radicalizing the war
4. British skepticism to the Proclamation was
evident early on as they assumed that it was
intended to ignite slave insurrection
Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam
(part 2)

4.  The Haitian Revolution
1791–1804
 “the only successful slave revolt in history.”
historian C.L.R. James
 Haiti was the first republic in modern history
led by people of African descent
 Riches of the Caribbean depended on the
Europeans' increasing taste for sugar.
 Plantation owners traded for provisions from
North America and manufactured goods from
Europe
 1789 - racial tension between whites, free
people of color, and enslaved blacks, the
country was polarized by regional rivalries
between the North, South, East, and West
 August 22, 1791 - Slaves of Saint Domingue
rose in revolt and plunged the colony into civil
war
 By 1792, slaves controlled a third of the island
 On January 1, 1804, Dessalines, the new leader
under the dictatorial 1801 constitution,
declared Haiti a free republic
 Haiti was the first independent nation in Latin
America, the first post-colonial independent
black-led nation in the world, and the only
nation whose independence was gained as part
of a successful slave rebellion
The Haitian Revolution

5.  The US-Mexican War 1846-1848
 Was a result of the 1845 U.S.
annexation of Texas
 Mexico claimed ownership of
Texas as a breakaway province
and refused to recognize the
secession and subsequent
military victory by Texas in 1836
 The most important
consequences of the war for the
United States were the Mexican
terms of surrender under the
Treaty of Guapalupe Hidalgo
 The Mexican territories of Alta
California and Santa Fe de
Nuevo Mexico were ceded to the
United States
The US-Mexican War

6.  Indian Rebellion of 1857
 Began as a mutiny of Indian born soldiers
(sepoys) working for the British East India
Company's army on in May of 1857
 Cause: many sepoys were disquieted both
from losing their perquisites, as landed
gentry, in the Oudh courts and from the
anticipation of any increased land-revenue
payments that the annexation might augur
 Much of the resistance to the Company
came from the old aristocracy, who were
seeing their power steadily eroded
 Mutinies and civilian rebellions occurred in:
 a. The upper Gangetic plain
 b. Central India
 Major hostilities confined to:
 a. present-day Uttar Pradesh
 b. Bihar
 c. northern Madhya Pradesh
 d. the Delhi region
 The rebellion posed a considerable threat to
Company power in that region
 It was contained only with the fall of
Gwalior on 20 June 1858
The Indian Rebellion of 1857

7.  The Crimean War: Oct 1853 - Feb 1856
 Fought between the Russian Empire
and an alliance of the British Empire
 British alliance:
 1. France
 2. Ottoman Empire
 3. Kingdom of Sardinia
 The war was part of a long-running
contest between the major European
powers for influence over territories of
the declining Ottoman Empire
 Is notorious for the logistical and
tactical mistakes that plagued both
sides
 Introduced technical changes which
affected the future course of warfare:
 1. First tactical use of railways and
 telegraph
 First war to be extensively
documented in Photographs
The Crimean War

8.  The French Intervention in Mexico
 It followed President Benito Juarez's
suspension of interest payments to foreign
countries in July 1861
 The French bombarded Veracruz on January
15, 1863
 April 31st the Battle of Camaron
 Capitaine and his battalion were forced to
make a defense in Hacienda Camarón
 They fought to nearly the last man, with
three survivors
 'Camerone Day' is still the most important
day of celebration for Legionnaires.
The French Intervention in Mexico

9.  The War of the Triple Alliance
1864 -1870
 Fought between Paraguay and
the allied countries of Argentina,
Uruguay, and Brazil
 After-effect of colonialism in
Latin America
 Struggle for physical power over
the strategic Rio Del Plat region
 The outcome of the war was the
utter defeat of Paraguay
The War of the Triple Alliance

10.  French Intervention in
Cochinchina 1858–1862
 Fought between the French and the
Spanish on the one side and the
Vietnamese on the other
 Concluded with the establishment of
the French colony
 1864 the three southern provinces
ceded to France were formally
constituted as the French colony of
Cochinchina
 Within three years, France's new
colony doubled in size
 Inaugurated nearly a century of
French colonial dominance in
Vietnam
French Intervention in
Cochinchina

11.  Scramble for Africa
 The New Imperialism period
between the 1880s and WWI in
1914
◦ Belgium
◦ France
◦ Germany
◦ Italy
◦ Portugal
◦ Spain
◦ United Kingdom
Attractive to Europe's ruling
elites for economic and racial
reasons
The ideas of Charles Darwin, the
eugenics movement and
racism, all helped to foster
European expansionist policy
Scramble for Africa