13. These gases are called ‘ greenhouse gases’ and they have a critical role in determining the temperature of the Earth’s surface and the living conditions on the planet.
22. It commits the rich countries to binding cut in their emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide , methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur, hexafluoride..
40. SOLUTION Conventional-Alternative Sources Of Energy :Solar EnergyWind EnergyNuclear EnergyNon-Conventional-Alternative Sources Of Energy :Bio-FuelGeo Thermal Tidal Energy
This template can be used as a starter file for presenting training materials in a group setting.SectionsRight-click on a slide to add sections. Sections can help to organize your slides or facilitate collaboration between multiple authors.NotesUse the Notes section for delivery notes or to provide additional details for the audience. View these notes in Presentation View during your presentation. Keep in mind the font size (important for accessibility, visibility, videotaping, and online production)Coordinated colors Pay particular attention to the graphs, charts, and text boxes.Consider that attendees will print in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure your colors work when printed in pure black and white and grayscale.Graphics, tables, and graphsKeep it simple: If possible, use consistent, non-distracting styles and colors.Label all graphs and tables.
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.Introduce each of the major topics.To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
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It shows that how fast earth is warming…………….
Under the Protocol, 37 countries ("Annex I countries") commit themselves to a reduction of four greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons andperfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member countries give general commitments. Annex I countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level.The objective of the Kyoto climate change conference was to establish a legally binding iIn the non-binding 'Washington Declaration' agreed on 16 February 2007, Heads of governments from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, China,India, Mexico and South Africa agreed in principle on the outline of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. They envisage a global cap-and-trade system that would apply to both industrialized nations anddeveloping countries, and hoped that this would be in place by 2009.[52][53]On 7 June 2007, leaders at the 33rd G8 summit agreed that the G8 nations would "aim to at least halve global CO2 emissions by 2050"nternational agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012After the lack of progress leading to a binding commitment or an extension of the Kyoto commitment period in climate talks at COP 15 in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2009, there were and will be several further rounds of negotiation COP 16 in Cancun, Mexico in 2010, COP 17 in South Africa in 2011, and in either Qatar or South Korea in 2012 (COP 18). Because any treaty change will require the ratification of the text by various countries' legislatures before the end of the commitment period Dec 31, 2012, it is likely that agreements in South Africa or South Korea/Qatar will be too late to prevent a gap between the commitment periods.[58]
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If oil production remains constant until it's gone, there is enough to last 42 years. Oil wells produce less as they become depleted which will make it impossible to keep production constant. Similarly, there is enough natural gas to last 61 years and there is enough coal to last 133 years. Nearly everyone realizes oil and gas will become scarce and expensive within the life times of living humans. Inevitably, there will be a transition to sustainable energy sources. The transition may be willy-nilly or planned--the choice is ours.Consider the implications of the following facts;* The United States consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and 70 percent of that is imported.* 61 percent of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East. The United States has 2.4 percent.* 66.3 percent of the world's gas reserves are in the Middle East and the Russian Federation. The United States has 3.4 percent.
world energy consumption increases by 49 percent, or 1.4 percent per year, from 495 quadrillion Btu in 2007 to 739 quadrillion Btu in 2035 (Figure 12 and Table 1). The global economic recession that began in 2008 and continued into 2009 had a profound impact on world income (as measured by GDP) and energy use. After expanding at an average annual rate of 4.9 percent from 2003 to 2007, worldwide GDP growth slowed to 3.0 percent in 2008 and contracted by 1.0 percent in 2009. Similarly, growth in world energy use slowed to 1.2 percent in 2008 and then declined by an estimated 2.2 percent in 2009Two nations that were among the least affected by the global recession were China and India, and they continue to lead the world's economic growth and energy demand growth in the Reference case. Since 1990, energy consumption as a share of total world energy use has increased significantly in both countries, and together they accounted for about 10 percent of the world's total energy consumption in 1990 and 20 percent in 2007. Strong economic growth in both countries continues over the projection period, with their combined energy use more than doubling and accounting for 30 percent of total world energy consumption in 2035 in the Reference case. In contrast, the U.S. share of world energy consumption falls from 21 percent in 2007 to about 16 percent in 2035 (Figure 14).
Since most renewable energy is ultimately solar energy directly collected from sunlight. Energy released by the sun as electromagnetic waves the energy reaching the earth atmosphere consists of about 8% UV radiations 46% visible light and 46% IR. Solar energy can be used in 2 ways, solar heating and solar electricity. Wind powerWorldwide, hydroelectricity and wind provide the largest shares of the projected increase in total renewable generation, accounting for 54 percent and 26 percent of the total increment, respectivelynuclearNearly 72 percent of the world expansion in installed nuclear power capacity is expected in non-OECD countries . China, India, and Russia account for the largest increment in world net installed nuclear power between 2007 and 2035. In the Reference case, China adds 66 gigawatts of nuclear capacity between 2007 and 2035, India 23 gigawatts, and Russia 25 gigawatts. Within the OECD, every region increases its installed nuclear capacity to some extent, except for Australia and New Zealand, where existing policies that discourage nuclear power are assumed to remain unchanged through the end of the projection period.Two nations that were among the least affected by the global recession were China and India, and they continue to lead the world's economic growth and energy demand
