The document discusses different types of batteries including traditional batteries, spin batteries, and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs). A traditional battery uses chemical reactions between electrodes to generate electrical current. A spin battery stores energy in magnets using nanomagnets and magnetic tunnel junctions to induce an electromotive force and spin-polarized current. A VRB stores energy in two electrolyte solutions containing vanadium particles and sulfuric acid that are pumped between tanks and undergo redox reactions through a proton exchange membrane to store and release large amounts of electricity.
2. Battery
A can full of chemicals that produce electrons
When the electrodes are connected to a device to be
powered, a chemical reaction occurs.
Chemical reactions generate energy that allows
electrical current to flow
3. Battery with a twist:
Spin Battery
Developed in University of Miami in US and
universities of Tokyo and Tohoku in Japan
It stores energy in magnets
Nanomagnets- used to induce electromotive force
Magnetic tunnel Junction- it is where magnetic energy
is converted directly into electrical energy
Electrical current made in the process is called
spin-polarized current.
4. It uses spintronics where
the electron’s spin as well as its
charge is taken into account.
Spin battery can be charged
by applying a large magnetic
field in the magnetic tunnel
junction.
Large magnetic field Large
energy
Spin battery can be used for
creation of faster, cheaper
computer hard drives with no
moving parts.
Can also be used to power
cars
5. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB)
Invented in The University of New South Wales in
Australia
Uses an electrolyte where energy is stored and cell
stack where energy conversion takes place.
Stores energy in two electrolyte solutions:
1. sulfuric acid
2. emulsified vanadium particles
Stores energy in two tanks: bigger tanks larger
energy
Solutions are pumped to opposite sides of the cell that
are separated by a polymer membrane.
They flow toward the proton exchange membrane
where redox reaction between the electrolytes occur.
6. During the cycle, hydrogen
ions are exchanged between
two tanks.
VRB can recharge and
discharged several times w/o
wearing out the electrolyte.
Can store, absorb and release
big amounts of electricity
easily.
Alternative power to solar and
wind farms
7. Why Vanadium?
The four oxidation states (+2, +3, +4, +5) carries
different amounts of electric charge
Can be used for both positive (anode) and negative
(cathode) solutions.
Vanadium solutions have indefinite life, so it can be
continuously used and reused