The second part of my English Series, which is focused on sentences and how they are formed.

1. Speaking In English
Clauses, Phrases and
Sentences

2. SYNTAX
The study of the principles and
processes by which sentences as
constructed.

3. In communicating with someone
else, proper syntax is essential if
you want to be understood.

4. CLAUSE
A clause typically consists of a noun and
a finite verb, but not all clauses form a
complete thought.

5. TYPES OF CLAUSES

6. Independent Clause
Independent clauses demonstrate a
complete thought.
In other words, an independent clause
can also work as a sentence.

7. Examples of Independent
Clauses
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Ride hard.
Don‟t look back.
It isn‟t fair.
It doesn‟t matter.
His painting is a masterpiece.
Create something.
You look up.

8. Subordinate Clause
Independent clauses demonstrate a
complete thought.
In other words, an independent clause
can also work as a sentence.

9. Examples of Subordinate
Clauses
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When I‟m bad…
…because you never had the chance.
If you can‟t fight fair…
…given that the committee was totally
against them…
• Whenever these people come down to
visit…
• In case things don‟t go as planned…

10. SENTENCE
A sentence consists of two or more
words that relate to each other
syntactically to form a complete thought.

11. PARTS OF A SENTENCE

12. Every sentence contains two basic
parts: a subject and a predicate.

13. THE SUBJECT
The subject is one of the two main parts
of a sentence. The subject is what the
sentence is discussing or describing.

14. THE PREDICATE
In a sentence, the predicate is used to
modify the subject. In other words, the
predicate is what describes or defines
the subject.

15. Usually, the common formation of a
sentence puts a subject first
followed by the predicate. However,
you can also put the predicate
before the subject in a sentence.

16. Examples
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Dianne is very pretty.
Mark walked his dog.
The park was seen by Albert.
The cat was chased by the dog.

17. SENTENCE CLASSIFICATION

18. Structural Classification
• Simple Sentence
• Compound Sentence
• Complex Sentence
• Compound-Complex Sentence

19. Simple Sentence
Simple sentences consist of independent
clauses only.

20. Examples of Simple Sentences
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I took the train to work today.
The baby is crying.
Elaine took off immediately.
We prepared for the event.

21. Compound Sentence
Compound sentences have two
independent clauses in them which are
connected together by coordinating or
correlative conjunctions.

22. Examples of Compound
Sentences
• Mary went to movie while John bought
food.
• Stan perfected the exam because he
studied all night.
• You can circle around the town or you
can take the shortcut.

23. Complex Sentence
Complex sentences contain an
independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses in order to distinguish
which idea in the sentence is most
important.

24. Examples of Complex Sentences
• I am excited to hear the announcement
of the winner.
• Matt really enjoyed the breakfast you
cooked for him.
• Bring some coffee before it turns cold.

25. Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-complex sentences combine
the properties of both compound and
complex sentence formations, such as
having several independent and
dependent clauses.

26. Examples of CompoundComplex Sentences
• John cleaned the attic, which was full
of dust, while Jenny played in the
basement.
• Ben‟s dog, the one with the furry tail,
kept chasing Mia‟s cat, while the cat,
which was very scared, kept on
jumping over furniture.

27. Classification by Purpose
• Declarative Sentence
• Interrogative Sentence
• Exclamatory Sentence
• Imperative Sentence

28. Declarative Sentence
The declarative sentence‟s purpose is to
„declare‟, or simply make a statement.
Declarative sentences always end with a
period (“.”).

29. Examples of Declarative
Sentences
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Ryan is a highly intelligent student.
Rachel is very beautiful and smart.
The Lion is the king of the beasts.
Wolves travel in packs.

30. Interrogative Sentence
The interrogative sentence is used to
gather information or ask questions, and
always ends up with the question mark
(“?”).

31. Examples of Interrogative
Sentences
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Who are you?
What is your name?
Why did the cat jump over the sofa?
Where will we meet you?

32. Exclamatory Sentence
The exclamatory sentence expresses
intense emotion, which is why it always
ends with the exclamation mark (“!”).
Exclamatory sentences can have a single
word expressing a complete thought.

33. Examples of Exclamatory
Sentences
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Aha!
We did it again!
We won!
You are great!
Wow!

34. Imperative Sentence
The imperative sentence is used as a
request or command, and implies
urgency and need. Imperative sentences
can either end with a period, question
mark or exclamation point, depending on
the urgency of the command.

35. Examples of Imperative
Sentences
• Please bring this basket to your
grandma.
• Don‟t do that.
• Would you please turn the volume a
little higher?
• Be quiet!

36. Understanding the fundamentals of
words, clauses and sentences will
enhance your capability in speaking
the English language. Focus on
memorizing the concepts, and
you‟re well on your way to becoming
a proficient English speaker!

37. THANK YOU!

38. Credits
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Microsoft Power Point
Wikipedia.org
About.com
TheFreeDictionary.com