This document summarizes a student project to analyze and modify an air conditioner to improve its performance. The goals are to enable both heating and cooling, evaluate performance at different temperatures, and enhance performance through modifications. It describes the basic vapor compression cycle and processes involved in air conditioning. It also defines and explains various metrics used to measure air conditioner efficiency, such as COP, EER, SEER, and HSPF.

1. Performance Analysis &
Modification of an
Air Conditioner
Presented By:
Devi Prasad Ray
Mukesh Swain
Subrat Mohanty
Syed Azad Ali
Vivek Panda
Guided By:
Prof Tara Prasad Mahapatra

2. Project Prospective
 Design a AC and modify it , such that it can perform in a
beneficial way
 Ascertaining it’s performance in every temperature
condition( hot or cold ), a true Air Conditioner(unlike of
tropical a/c which have only cooling facility)
 Post Design and Functioning , Extract the vital
thermodynamic properties and calculating Performance
Factors
 Enhancing the Performance , in any feasible way

3. Understanding a simple A/C
There are three phases here:
1. The Functions/ Process Involved
2. The Operating Cycle
3. And The Working

4. 1.Heating and Cooling
2.Humidity Control
3.Ventilation
4.Filtration
The Processes Involved

5. The Operating Cycle
Vapour Compression Cycle

6. Working

7. Incorporating Heat Additon
Heating & cooling , Vivek’s part

8. Modification
Using a Water Cooler
Specifications
Multiple Evaporators at Different Temperatures with
Single Compressor, Individual expansion Valves
Common Back Pressure Valve

10. Ph Curve

11. How Efficient is the Air Conditioning System
 Performance of A/C, Heat Pump and Chillers
Tons of cooling, BTU/h, kW
Electrical Input into the System

12. Coefficient of Performance
The COP is a measure of the amount of power input to a system compared to
the amount of power output by that system
COP= power output/ power input
COPmax = Tc/ Th - Tc

13. Energy Efficiency Ratio
The EER is the ratio of output cooling energy (in BTU) to electrical input
energy (in Watt-hour)
EER = output cooling energy in BTU/ input electrical energy in Wh
Unit is BTU/W/h
Conversion
COP = output cooling energy/input electrical energy =
EER BTU/(Wh) 1055J/BTU / 3600J/(Wh) = EER 0.293
Alternatively,
EER = COP 3.41

14. Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
The SEER is the ratio of output cooling energy (in BTU) to electrical input
energy (in Watt-hour).
SEER = output cooling energy in BTU over a season / input electrical
energy in Wh during the same season

15. Heating Seasonal Performance Factor
Like SEER, this is a measurement of the efficiency of a system and the units
are the same (BTU/h divided by Watt). However, this measures the efficiency
of the system in heating mode, not cooling mode
It applies only to heat pumps or reversible air conditioning units and not to
units that only cool a space
CoP = Output Electrical Energy / Input Electrical Energy = HSPF x 0.293

16. Other Power Standards
Kilo-Watt per Ton (kW/ton)
The efficiencies of large industrial air conditioner systems, especially
chillers, are given in kW/ton to specify the amount of electrical power
that is required for a certain power of cooling.
Conversion
CoP= power output in W/ power input in W= 3.517/ kW/ton
Horse Power
This is a unit of power and typically is used to specify the size of motors. It
may also be used to specify the input power of an air conditioning system

17. Energy Star
Indication for products that have high energy efficiency.
It makes it easy for consumers to identify and purchase products that
have higher energy efficiency than those products without such
designation
Systems under 65,000 BTU/h (19 kW) can earn the Energy Star
symbol by meeting the minimum efficiency ratings listed in table