This document discusses basic jQuery filters that can be used to select elements. It provides examples of using the :odd, :even, :gt, :lt, :first, :last, :header, :animated and :eq filters on HTML elements like rows in a table or list items. These filters allow selecting elements based on their index, whether they are odd/even, come before or after a certain index, are the first/last element, are currently animated, or match a specific index. The examples demonstrate applying CSS styles to the selected elements to visualize the filtering.