The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press. It notes that the first printed book in India was in 1557 and the first newspaper was established in 1776 by William Bolts. However, the first Indian English newspaper was James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism". His newspaper faced opposition from the British administration and was suppressed in 1782. Several other newspapers were established in the late 18th century in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, but faced censorship and restrictions from the British authorities.

1. INDIAN PRESS
Dr. J. Janardhan

2. EVOLUTION OF INDIAN PRESS
 Printing press was brought to India in the 16th century
 The first printed book in India was ‘Doctrina Christa’ in
1557 in Goa
 The English East India Company also set up printing
presses
 The birth of the first newspaper in the country was
towards the end of the 18th century

3. THE FIRST NEWSPAPER IN INDIA
 William Bolts, announced the first N.P. in India in 1776.
 He asked people to come to residence to read the news
 This newspaper had the two functions
informing the British community of news
Ventilating grievances against the colonial rule

4. HICKY’S GAZETTE
 James Augustus Hicky published the first Indian English
newspaper-Bengal Gazette on 29th Jan, 1780
 It also called as ‘Calcutta Advertiser’
 Popularly known as ‘Hickey’s Gazette’

5. HICKY’S GAZETTE
 His contribution makes him as ‘Father of Indian
Journalism’
 Its carried only advertisements in the front page
 He was the founder, editor, printer and promoter of this
weekly
 It was really concerned the Indians

6. HICKY’S GAZETTE
 It was a weekly political and commercial paper
 He describes that ‘it opens to all parties & influenced by
none’
 His objective was ‘British Administrative’ private affairs
 Year later, ‘Sir Warren Hastings’ denied all postal facilities

7. HICKY’S GAZETTE
 Hastings finally took action against Hicky for defamation
in 1781
 He was convicted and sentenced to a year’s imprisonment
and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000.
 In March 1782, the Bengal Gazette was suppressed
 This marked the premature and unceremonious end of
India’s first newspaper

8. HICKY’S GAZETTE
 Hicky considered the ‘liberty of the press’ to be essential
 In June, 1781, Hicky was arrested
 He was stopped from bringing out the ‘Hicky’s Gazette’
 In1780, Indian Gazette, appeared in Kolkata
 It was better in quality with 4 pages of 16 inches long
 It had three columns and it was well printed.

9. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…
 After 1790, ‘The Asiatic Mirror’ was started
 In 1795, The Indian World, The Calcutta Courier, The Indian
Apollo begun
The Bengal Harakaru was Started by Charles Maclean in 1795
In 1798, The Calcutta Morning Post & Oriental Star were
started
There was a war b/w British Administration and the press
 In 1799, Lord Wellesley introduced the Press Censorship in
Bengal

10. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…
 Under the British rule, Fourth Estate was seized
 William Duane, Irish-American editor was suffered
 He started ‘Bengal Journal’


11. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…
 Lord Cornwallis issued an order for arresting William
Duane
 Later, He couldn’t continued as Bengal Journal’s editor
 In 1795, he then started ‘Indian World’

12. JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM …
 Sir James Silk Buckingham assumed as editor of
‘Calcutta Journal’ in 1818
 It was an eight-page biweekly newspaper
 He was fearless in condemning the local custom of ‘sati’
 He gave prominence to news and views
 British authorities became intolerant on his criticism
 John Adam, Governor-General, deported Buckingham to
England

13. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…
 In 1789, ‘The Bombay Herald’ appeared as weekly
 The second N.P from Bombay ‘The Bombay Courier’ was
founded in 1790.
 Luke Ashburner, Alderman were the editors
 The Bombay Gazette was established in June 1791

14. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…
 The Courier- Changed to The Bombay Times on 3rd
November, 1838.
 It was fore runner of ‘Times of India’

15. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…
 The Govt. ordered to submit the copies to Pre-Censorship
 Later, Bombay Herald was announced as Govt. paper
 They deliberately avoided the conflict with Govt.

16. EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS…
 Richard Johnston founder of the first newspaper in Madras
 The Madras Courier existed on 12th Oct, 1785
 It was officially recognised by authorities
 It was a weekly with four pages

17. EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS…
 In 1795, Robert Williams started ‘Madras Gazette’ –Weekly
 In 1795, Indian Herald was started by Humphreys
 Censorship was introduced on 12th Dec, 1795
 The press in Madras began to feel early the heavy hand

18. THANK YOU