4686 4690.output

* GB785093 (A)
Description: GB785093 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Beam construction for mounting fabric rolls
Description of GB785093 (A)
?A -TE p' PECIFCTO
R S P EC F I C A T I O N d
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,093 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
October 14, 1955.
No 29335/55.
Application made in United States of October 18, 1954.
America on Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 1), A 1 B. International
Classification:-D 06 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Beam Construction for Mounting Fabric Rolls ERRATA SPECIFICATION NO
785,093
Page 1, Transpose lines 71 and 72.
Page 1, line 79, after "flange" insert conma,.
Page 3, line 39, after "The pins, insert " 26 ".
T It E PATENT OFFICE, 2 Sth April, 1958 DB 04462/2 ( 5)/3604 150 4/58
R manner include, for example, -the dyeing, setting and washing of the
fabric at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressures The fabric may,
for example, be a knitted or a woven fabric During such treatments
great difficulty is frequently experienced with the shrinkage and
particularly the non-uniform shrinkage of the fabric Such shrinkage
not only interferes with the processing of the fabric, but also leads
to a finished product having non-uniform shrinkage characteristics
which is undesirable in commercial use In addition, the movement of
the fluid through the textile fabric, particularly at high pressures,
may cause the windings of said fabric to shift relative to such other
with the result that the processing may become non-uniform.
It is an important object of this invention to provide a beam adapted
to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid

which will be free from the foregoing and other disadvantages.
A further object of this invention is to provide a beam adapted to
support a textile fabric, during processing thereof with a fluid which
will engage the edges of said fabric (Price 3 s 6 d) l LVLUJ t pv tl,a
Jl; i UU It CU(nll trl M movable means at an acute angle to a plane at
right angles to the axis of the beam so 65 that when moved in a
direction parallel to their axes they enter the end of a roll of
fabric wound on the beam and penetrate the layers thereof Throughout
the subsequent processing of the said fabric with a 70 shrinking or
shifting so that the processing fluid, the fabric is thus prevented
from will be effected in a highly uniform manner.
After the processing is complete, the movable means are operated to
release the edges 75 of the fabric whereupon the said fabric may be
readily removed from the beam The radially extending member may be in
the form of a flange conveniently one built up from sections carried
by radial arms The 80 movable means may be in the form of sector
shaped plates supported by the flange and lying in a plane at right
angles to the axis of the beam, each plate carrying a series of
parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to 85 its plane, e g an angle
of 15 to 45 , preferably 25 to 30 Means are provided to move each of
said sector shaped plates in the direction of the axes of the pins
thereon and towards the end of the fabric roll 90 1 _,> i PATENT
SPECIFICATION
October 14, 1955.
No 29335/55.
Application made in United States of America on October 18, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 1), A 1 B. International
Classification:-DO 6 b.
Beam Construction for Mounting Fabric Rolls We, CELANESE CORPORATION
OF AMERICA, of 180 Madison Avenue, New York 16, New York, United
States of America, a company incorporated in -accordance with the laws
of the State of Delaware, United States of America, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to a beam and is more particularly concerned
with a beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing
thereof with a fluid.
It is frequently desirable to carry out the processing of a textile
fabric with a fluid while the said fabric is wound on a beam.
Treatments that may be effected in this manner include, for example,

the dyeing, setting and washing of the fabric at atmospheric or
superatmospheric pressures The fabric may, for example, be a knitted
or a woven fabric During such treatments great difficulty is
frequently experienced with the shrinkage and particularly the
non-uniform shrinkage of the fabric Such shrinkage not only interferes
with the processing of the fabric, but also leads to a finished
product having non-uniform shrinkage characteristics which is
undesirable in commercial use In addition, the movement of the fluid
through the textile fabric, particularly at high pressures, may cause
the windings of said fabric to shift relative to such other with the
result that the processing may become non-uniform.
It is an important object of this invention to provide a beam adapted
to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid
which will be free from the foregoing and other disadvantages.
A further object of this invention is to provide a beam adapted to
support a textile fabric, during processing thereof with a fluid which
will engage the edges of said fabric (Price 3 s 6 d) and thereby keep
the same from shrinkage or shifting.
Other objects of the invention, together with certain details of
construction and com binations of parts, will be apparent from the 50
following detailed description.
According to the present invention, there is provided a beam
comprising a supporting element on to which a textile fabric can be
evenly wound to form a roll The support 55 ing element is provided
with radially-extending members, adapted to be secured thereto and,
carried by said members, movable means adapted on movement to engage
the edge portions of the fabric and hold them 60 securely Most
conveniently the movable means are provided with pins for this purpose
Preferably the pins are mounted on the movable means at an acute angle
to a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam so 65 that when
moved in a direction parallel to their axes they enter the end of -a
roll of fabric wound on the beam and penetrate the layers thereof
Throughout the subsequent processing of the said fabric with a 70
shrinking or shifting so that the processing fluid, the fabric is thus
prevented from will be effected in a highly uniform manner.
After the processing is complete, the movable means are operated to
release the edges 75 of the fabric whereupon the said fabric may be
readily removed from the beam The radially extending member may be in
the form of a flange conveniently one built up from sections carried
by radial arms The 80 movable means may be in the form of sector
shaped plates supported by the flange and lying in a plane at right
angles to, the axis of the beam, each plate carrying a series of
parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to 85 its plane, e g an angle
of 15 to 45 , preferably 25 to 30 Means are provided to move each of

said sector shaped plates in the direction of the axes of the pins
thereon and towards the end of the fabric roll 90 1 1 ' 1 "_'V, 1 1 1
_; r 785,093 whereby the pins may be caused to penetrate the edge
portions of the layers of fabric on the roll and hold them positively.
The pins are preferably disposed in overlapping relationship, i e so
that the projection of each pin on a plane at right angles to the axis
of the beam exceeds the spacing between adjacent pins as measured
radially to the axis of the beam The processing of the fabric can then
take place without shrinkage or shifting of the fabric Following the
processing, the sector-shaped plates are operated to withdraw the pins
from the fabric roll in the direction of their axes, releasing the
edges of the fabric and permitting the fabric to be unwound from the
beam.
A preferred embodiment of this invention t is shown in the
accompanying drawings 2 ( wherein Fig 1 is an end elevation of the
beam, Fig 2 is a cross sectional view,;on a somewhat enlarged scale,
taken along the line 2 2 in Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows, Fig
3 is a detail cross sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along
the line 3 3 on Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows, and Fig 4 is a
detail cross sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken alofig the
line 4 4 in Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows.
Like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several
views of the drawing Referring now to the drawings, the reference
numeral 11 designates a tubular metal beam provided with a plurality
of perforations 12 extending therethrough, onto which beam 11 a
textile fabric 13 can be wrapped to form a cylindrical roll with
parallel sides.
After the textile fabric 13 has been wrapped onto the beam 11, a pair
of identical flanges, indicated generally by reference numeral 14, are
secured to the beam 11 close to the ends of the roll of fabric 13,
only one such flange being shown in the drawings in the interests of
simplicity and clarity, The flanges 14, each comprise a collar 15 that
slidably engages the beam 11 and is secured thereto at the desired
position by means of set screws 16 Extending radially from the collar
15 and secured thereto as by welding or the like are a plurality of
ribs 17 provided with outwardly projecting ledges 18.
The ribs 17 support between them flange -55 sections, indicated
generally by reference numeral 19, comprising fixed flange sections 21
and movable flange sections 22 The fixed flange: sections 21 are
provided at their side edges with interlocking extensions 23 that
overlap the ribs 17 and are secured thereto by means of screws 24
Adjacent their innermost edges, the fixed flange sections 21 are
shaped to form cam surfaces whose function will be described more
fully hereinafter The movable flange sections 22 are postioned on the

surface of the flange 19 facing the roll of textile fabric 13 and have
projecting from their innermost surfaces a plurality of parallel pins
26 that are inclined at an acute angle with respect 70 to the
innermost surface of the said movable flange sections 22 and extend
toward the roll of fabric 13 The centre-most pin of each movable
flange section 22 preferably lies substantially in a plane containing
the axis 75 of the beam The outer edges of the movable flange sections
22 are shaped to form cam surfaces 27 whose function will be described
more fully hereinafter As shown in the drawings, the cam surfaces 25
and 27 80 are parallel to the pins 26.
The movable flange sections 22 are held in place by means of a
plurality of bolts 28, in threaded engagement therewith, extending
through slots 29 in the fixed flange 85 sections 21 Springs 31
encircle the said bolts 28, being held in compression between the
outer surface of the fixed flange sections 21 and win Q nuts 32 in
threaded engagement therewith The compression of the springs 90 31
tends to draw the movable flange sections 22 toward the fixed flange
sections 21 Projecting outwardly from the movable flange sections 22
are bosses 33 extending through elongated slots 34 in the fixed flange
sections 95 21 The bosses 33 are engaged by drive mechanisms,
indicated generally by reference numeral 35, comprising screws 36
extending through and in threaded engagement with journals 37 fastened
to the fixed flange sec 100 tions 21 by means of bolts 38 The screws
36 carry at their ends blocks 39 that are slidably mounted in channels
41 secured to the fixed flange sections 21 by means of screws and nuts
42 The blocks 39 are pro 105 vided with lips 43 that engage the bosses
33 projecting from the movable flange sections 22.
In employing the apparatus of this invention, there is wound onto the
tubular beam 110 11 a roll of textile fabric 13 The screws 36 are then
operated to move the movable flange sections 22 radially away fromn th
e centre of the flanges 19 in which position the compression springs
31 will draw the 115 movable flange sections 22 up against the fixed
flange sections 21 as shown in the Slower half of Fig 2 of the
drawings A pair of the flanges 19 are then placed on the tubular beam
11 against the roll of fabric 13 120 and are secured in place by
tightening of the set screws 16 In this position, the pins 26 will be'
clear of the ends of the roll of fabric 13 as shown in the lower half
of Fig.
2 of the drawings The screws 36 are then 125 operated to move the
movable flange sections 22 radially toward the centre of the flange 19
During such movement, the cam surfaces 25 and 27 will lift the movable
flange sections 22 away from the fixed 130 or movement of the fabric.
2 A beam according to claim 1, wherein' the edge portions of the
fabric are engaged by pins carried by the movable means.

3 A beam according to claim 2, compris 70 ing a series of movable
members carried by the radially extending member, a plurality of
parallel pins extending from each of said movable members, the outer
ends of the pins lying substantially in a plane at right angles 75 to
the axis of the beam and the pins beinginclined, at an acute angle to
said plane, and means for moving each of said movable members in a
direction substantially parallel to the lengths of the pins thereon so
that 80 movement in one direction causes the pins to penetrate the
edge portions of layers of fabric wound on the beam while movement in
the opposite direction effects withdrawal of the pins from the fabric
85 4 A beam according to claim 3, wherein the pins are inclined at an
angle of from 150 to 450 to a plane at right angles to the axis of the
beam.
A beam according to claim 3 or 4, 90 wherein the movable members
carrying the pins are sector shaped plates mounted at right angles to
the axis of the beam, and movable inwardly both towards the axis of
the beam and towards the edges of the fabric 95 to effect engagement
of the fabric by the pins.
6 A beam adapted to support a textile fabric during the processing
thereof with a fluid, comprising a supporting member onto 100 which
the textile fabric can be wound into a roll, a flange securable to
said supporting member adjacent to the end of the fabric roll, a
plurality of sector-shaped plates carried by the flange and parallel
to and facing 105 the end of the fabric roll, each plate carrying a
plurality of substantially parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to
the plate and the centremost pin lying substantially in a plane
containing the axis of the beam, and 110 means carried by the flange
for moving said plates in the direction of the axes of the pins in one
sense to bring said pins into engagement with the edges of the fabric
and in the opposite sense to withdraw said pins 115 from engagement
with the edges of the fabric.
7 A beam according to claim 6, wherein the required movement of each
sector-shaped plate is effected by a screw in association 120 with cam
surfaces parallel with the axes of the pins; 8 A beam according to
claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the projection of each pin on a plane at
right angles to the axes of the beam 125 exceeds the spacing between
adjacent pins as measured radially to the axis of the beam.
9 A beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing thereof
with a fluid, substantially as described 130 flange sections 21
against the compression of the springs 31 Because the cam surfaces and
27 are parallel to the axes of the pins 26, the movable flange
sections 22 will travel in the direction of the axes of the pins 26
and enter the said pins into the edges of the fabric 13 When the
movable flange sections 22 have reached the limit of their movement,

the pins 26 will be firmly engaged in the edges of the fabric 13 as
shown in the upper half of Fig 2 of the.
drawings The processing of the fabric -13 with a fluid is then carried
out, for example,.
by forcingi the said fluid into, the interior of the tubular beam 11
whereby it will flow through the perforations 12 and outwardly through
the roll of textile fabric 13 Owing to the firm engagement of the
edges of the fabric 13 by the pins 26 no shrinkage or movement of the
said fabric will take place during the processing thereof and the said
processing will be effected in a highly uniform manner While the
innermost layers of the textile fabric 13 shown in Fig 2 of the
drawing are not shown as being engaged by the pins 26, the said layers
will not normally move owing to the friction between them and the
remaining layers of the said fabric However, if desired, the pins 26
may be readily lengthened or otherwise rearranged positively to engage
all of the layers of the fabric 13.
The number and arrangement of the pins 26 will depend on the type of
the fabric being processed, a smaller number of heavier pins being
desirable for a heavier fabric.
However, a wide range of fabric weights may be processed with a given
arrangement of pins The pins should preferably be so disposed that the
tip of one pin overlaps the base of its adjoining pin so that each
layer of fabric 13 will be engaged by two pins The inclination of the
pins 26 may be varied over a considerable range, but it is preferred
to have the angle between the inner surfaces of the movable flange
sections 22 and the pins 26 at between about 150 and 450, or
preferably at between about 250 and 30 so that said pins will enter
the roll of fabric 13 easily, yet engage the edges of said fabric 13
securely The inner surfaces of the movable flange sections 22 extend
parallel to the ends of the roll of fabric 13 and at right angles to
the tubular beam 11.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785094 (A)

Description: GB785094 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres of the tubeless type
1 _, 4, S,v ,
785,094 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification
October 20, 1955.
No 30001/55.
Application made in Italy on February 7, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Class 144 ( 2), CS(E 3: F).
International Classification:-B 62 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION improvements relating to Pneumatic Vehicle
Wheel Tyres of the Tubeless Type We, PIRELLI SOCIETA PER Az IONI, a
Limited Liability Company organised under the laws of Italy, of 94
Viale Abruzzi, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres of the
tubeless type wherein the tyre and the wheelrim form together an
annular air chamber, the beads of the tyre effecting under the
inflation pressure an airtight joint with the relative flanges of the
1 S wheel rim.
In the construction of pneumatic tyres of this type the technical
problem, among others, has arisen of preventing the escape of air from
the inside of the tyre to the outside thereof, past the bead zones, or
more precisely, between the contacting surfaces of the beads on the
one hand and the rim flanges on the other.
Various attempted solutions of this problem have been proposed, said
solutions having for their object the provision of means in respect of
each bead of the tyre for ensuring complete airtightness of the joint
between the bead and the relative rim flange.
One of these solution has consisted in prof.
viding the external surface of the bead with a number of
circumferential projections adapted to ensure the required
airtightness of the joint According to another of said solutions the

external surface of the bead is formed with a number of
circumferential grooves which in 'the fitted tyre are filled with an
adhesive substance According to another of the solutions, an elastic
body previously built up and assembled is interposed in the joint
between the bead and the wheel rim, said body being if desired bedded
in a suitable seat provided to receive it in one or both of the parts
Recourse has alsc been made to the interposition between the beads,
within the tyre, of a body having the purpose of exerting on the beads
themselves a lateral pressure (i e axially of the wheel and tyre) so
as to push them against the flanges of the wheel rim 50 The
abovementioned solutions show, however, various inconveniences owing
either to their difficult practical realisation or to their high cost,
or because they render the operations involved in assembling the tyre
on the 55 wheel rim too complex Also, while generally giving
satisfactory results under normal service conditions, they tend to
fail when the rim is subject to deformation.
The object of the present invention is 60 to provide a simple
improvement which will readily ensure perfect airtightness, the means
which are provided to this end, besides being simple and convenient to
employ from the point of view of facility of assembling, 65 being very
efficient not only when the wheel rim is in its normal (designed or
undeformed) shape, but also when it is deformed.
According to the invention, there is provided a tubeless 'pneumatic
vehicle wheel 70 tyre of the type wherein the tyre and the wheel
together form an annular air chamiber, the beads of the tyre effecting
under the inflation pressure an airtight joint with the relative
flanges of the wheel rim, character 75 ised in that said airtight
joint is made as between the relative rim flange and a single annular
boss on the corresponding-bead extending continuously therearound
circumferentially of the tyre and composed of resi 80 lient rubber,
said boss being moulded together with the tyre and having a cross
section the depth dimension of which in a direction radial to' the
tyre and generally parallel to the mid-circumferential 'plane 85
thereof, progressively diminishes to a minimum axially outwardly of
the bead.
l The cross section of the boss may be of triangular form (the apex of
the triangle being, of course, directed towards the flange 90 / of the
wheel rim), or trapezoidal form (the smaller parallel side of the
trapezoid being similarly directed towards said flange).
In a tyre embodying the present invention the stress exerted by the
bead against the inner surface of the rim flange is imparted -only to
the reduced area of contact constituted by the top of the "crown" of
the boss, by which is meant the part thereof which in the
cross-section of the tyre lies farthest from the mid-circumferential

plane of the tyre and therefore nearest to the rim flange In the
result, each elemental portion of the bead (this term being used here
as including the boss which is provided on the bead in accordance with
the present invention) within said area, having a specific pressure of
a very high value, will be deformed by compression against the flange,
thus obtaining perfect airtightness of -the tyre in position on the
wheel rim The present invention is particularly advantageous in the
event of an increase of the lateral inclination of the rim flanges
towards the outside (i e an increase in the distance betweeen the
flanges in the crosssection of the wheel rim) taking place after a
certain period of use of the wheeel fitted with the tyre-a condition
which frequently occurs in practice In this case, and also in a case
where irregular deformations of the rim occur, originated therein
during use of the wheel in consequence of -impacts or the like
thereon, the boss will continue to conform to the inner surface of the
rim flange, which therefore will not need to be subjected -to the
usual inspections at regular intervals which have been necessary
hitherto with the known solutions of the problem referred to above.
The invention may take various forms, according for example to the
type of the pneumatic tyre to which it is to be applied the shape and
size of the bead and the characteristics of the rubber compound of
which it is formed being varied for this purpose as hereinafter more
particularly described.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the
accompanying drawings In these drawings:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary -and more or less diagrammatic sectional
view through one of the bead zones of a tyre embodying the present
invention and through a part : of the wheel rim fitted with the tyre
Figure 2 shows the said part of the wheel rim in a deformed condition,
the rim flange being bent axially outwardly from the dotted line
position, which is its normal position, to the full line position: and
Figure 3 is a fragmentary external side -view of the tyre illustrating
a further feature of -the invention hereinafter more particularly
described.
Figure 1 illustrates by way of example an embodiment of the invention
in which the boss on the tyre bead is of triangular crosssection In
the Figure, the bead is marked 1, the boss 2, the "crown" of the boss
3, 70 the flange of the wheel rim 4, the base (maximum depth)
dimension of the boss in a direction radial to the tyre and generally
parallel to the mid-circumferential plane thereof B, the width
dimension of the boss in a 75 direction parallel to the rotational
axis of tthe tyre L, the height dimension of the rim flange (i e in a
direction radial to the rim) and therefore of the area of the bead
surface which is usually in contact with the 80 flange (i e the zone

of the bead surface which extends betweeen the heel of the bead and
the hollow thereof) H.
The determination of the size of the boss and also the choice of the
rubber compound 85 which is to be used to form the boss will depend
upon the particular type of tyre to to which the invention is to be
applied and its service conditions, the following factorsbeing taken
into account: 90 1 The base dimension of the boss should have a value
B ranging from a maximum value equal to H to a minimum value equal to
H/8.
2 The width dimension L of the boss 95 may vary widely up to a maximum
of L = B, which maximum value is preferably adopted when the base
dimension B is of a low value, a value less than B being adopted when
the base dimension B has a high value 100 3 The rubber compound of
which the boss is composed should have an elastic modulus ranging
between that which is characteristic of tread compounds -as
conventionally used and that which is character 105 istic of sponge
rubber, a rubber compound of low modulus being used when the base
dimension B has a high value, and viceversa Accordingly, when the base
dimension B has a value equal or nearly equal to 110 the height
dimension H sponge rubber is preferably employed to form the boss.
Inasmuch as the new construction employs as regards each bead of the
tyre only a single boss, it is possible to provide the im 115 proved
tyre with radial grooves located on the external surface of the tyre
and extending at least partially into the bead zone of said surface,
so as to come into contact with the flange, from a position outside of
said zone 120 This feature is illustrated in Figure 3, which
represents a fragmentary side view of the tyre in the bead zone In the
Figure the boss is marked 2; the crown of the boss 3 and the radial
grooves 5 In this case the-boss 125 is disposed in proximity to the
heel of the bead, immediately below the zone in which the grooves are
provided.
The possibility of providing radial grooves as above referred to, even
in tyres provided 130 785,094 dimension.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785095 (A)

Description: GB785095 (A) ? 1957-10-23
An improved shirt or the like garment
k( 2 ( A' c-1 (,
Inventor: WILLIAM HERBERT RACHER 785,095 Date of application and
filing Complete Specification: Oct io, 1955.
No 30004/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 141, W 5 (C: H).
International Classification:-A 41 b, d.
An improved Shirt or the like Garment We, JOHN CAMPBELL (HANOVER
SQUARE) LIMITED, of 9-10, Pollen Street, Hanover Square, London, W 1,
a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to a shirt or the like garment and
concerns more particularly a shirt of the collar-attached type, and
has for its object to dispense with securing means for the free edges
of the neck opening.
According to the present invention there is provided a shirt or the
like garment wherein the top or chest covering portion comprises two
panels or portions located respectively one at each side of the shirt
front, one of said panels having a loose vertical edge extending from
the neck down the centre of the front and the other having a loose
edge which extends diagonally across the front of the shirt from the
neck, a part of this second mentioned panel or portion underlying the
first mentioned panel, whereby the neck opening will remain closed
without the employment of securing means.
Although the invention will be specifically described in relation to a
shirt, it will be appreciated that it is also applicable to like
garments, such as blouses.
To enable the invention to be clearly understood a preferred
embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example with

reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a front
view of the shirt.
Figure 2 is a rear view.
Referring to the drawings, the top or chest covering portion of the
shirt comprises two panels or portions 1 and 2 located respectively
one at each side of the shirt front The panel 2 has a loose vertical
edge 2 a extending from the neck down the centre of the shirt, the
upper end of this edge (when the collar is open) curving as at 2 b and
merging into the front of the collar 3.
The other panel 1 has a loose edge la which extends diagonally across
the front of 50 the shirt from the neck so that a part of this panel
or portion 1 underlies the panel 2 The upper end of the diagonal edge
la of the panel 1 merges, as indicated at lb, into the front of the
other side of the collar 3 SS According to the specific embodiment
being described the lower edges lc and 2 c of the portions 1 and 2
where they are connected to the bottom 4 of the front of the shirt
define a "V" and the lower edge of the panel 60 1 is sewn to the lower
edge of the panel 2 where this panel 2 joins the lower part 4 of the
shirt front.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785096 (A)
Description: GB785096 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Radio frequency coupling devices
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE542392 (A) CH348733 (A) DE1009689 (B) FR68330 (E)

US2755447 (A)
BE542392 (A) CH348733 (A) DE1009689 (B) FR68330 (E)
US2755447 (A) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[87][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
October 21, 1955.
No 30161/55.
Application made in United States of America on October 29, 1954.
Index at acce Ptance:-Class 40 ( 8), U 18 (A 1: AZ: B 4 A), WG.
International Classification:-Hol Il H 03 h.
Radio Frequency Coupling Devices We, STANDARD TELEPHONES AND CABLES,
LIMITED, a British Company, of Connaught House, 63 Aldwych, London, W
C 2 England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to radio frequency coupling devices and more
particularly to a waveguide coupling section employing a gyratory
element through which radio frequency energy is freely transmitted in
one direction but which is prohibited in the opposite direction.
Such one-way gyratory coupling devices have been proposed heretofore
but in such instances the waveguide plumbing utilised including the
arrangement of the gyratory element and associated equipment for
producing the necessary magnetic field are bulky complicated and
extremely expensive An object of the present invention, therefore, is
to provide an improved one-way gyratory coupling device for radio
frequency energy which is relatively simple and easy to build and
which is relatively inexpensive.
An important feature of this invention is the fact that the coupling
device can be made, for the most part, by printed circuit technique
The parts capable of being printed include the waveguide input and
output connections as well as the transducer portions which co-act

with the gyratory element to effect one-way transmission The waveguide
structure, in one embodiment, is made in accordance with the
"Microstrip" principle which includes two strip-like conductors
disposed in dielectrically spaced parallel relation with one of the
strips wider than the other to present thereto a planar conducting
surface for propagation of wave energy therealong in a mode
approximating the TEM mode The electric field in such propagation is
distributed in a manner similar to the electric field distribution
between one conductor and the neutral plane of a truly parallel two
conductor line The narrower of the two strips is continued beyond the
other and printed in the form of a flat spiral 50 which effects a
translation of wave energy from linear polarisation to circular
polarisation In, other embodiments the waveguide may comprise either a
printed sandwich line or a dielectric filled coaxial line wherein the
55 inner conductor is coupled to the spiral A body of material
including ferrites is disposed between the two fiat spirals of the
input and output sections and means are provided to impress a magnetic
field on the 60 body of ferrite material in a direction axially of the
two spirals By impressing a magnetic field of sufficient strength a
gyro-resonant condition is produced in the body of ferrites
corresponding to the Faraday rota 65 tion effect (See "Ferrites at
Microwave Frequencies" by David Fedelman, RadioElectronic Engineering,
April 1954) The circular polarisation of the input wave energy is so
selected with respect to the direc 70 tion of the magnetic field and
the rotational sense of the gyro-resonance that the wave energy is
permitted to pass practically lossless in one direction through the
body Any reflected waves or return transmission, how 75 ever, is
inhibited by the ferrite body since, its rotation being opposite to
that of the input energy, the return transmission is absorbed by the
body.
The invention will become more apparent 80 by reference to the
following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a view in plan of a coupling device according to the
principles of this in 85 vention; Fig 2 is a cross-sectional view
taken along lines 2 2 of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a view in plan of the upper
spiral section as viewed along lines 3 3 of Fig 90 785,096 2; Fig 4 is
a view in plan of the ferrite body; Fig 5 is a view in plan of the
bottom spiral section as viewed along lines 5 5 of Fig 2; Fig 6 is a
vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention;
Fig 7 is a view in plan of the device shown in Fig 6; and Fig 8 is a
cross-sectional view taken along lines 8 8 of Fig 6.
Referring-to the drawings, the input waveguide is shown to include a
first or planar conductor 1, a second or strip conductor 2, and a

layer of dielectric material 3 which separates the conductors I and 2
in parallel relation The dielectric material may comprise
polyethylene, polystyrene, fibre glass or laminations of fibre glass
and polytetrafluorethylene or other suitable material of dielectric
quality, or if the waveguide structure permits, the dielectric may be
air The output waveguide is of corresponding construction and includes
a first or planar conductor la, a second or strip conductor 2 a and a
layer of dielectric material 3 a The planar conductors 1 and la are
terminated in a short cylindrical housing 4 one end of which is closed
by an extension 7 of the layer of dielectric material 3 while the
other end is closed by an extension 8 of the layer 3 a.
The conductor strip 2 is also extended in overlying relation to
extension 7 and is connected by a rivet or other suitable connecting
means 9 to a spiral conductor 5 on the opposite side of the dielectric
layer The conductor 2 a is connected in a similar manner to a spiral
conductor 6 by connection 9 a through the dielectric extension 8
Alternatively, the spirals 5 and 6 may be formed as integral extension
of the conductor strips 2 and 2 a respectively The two spirals 5 and 6
are of the same rotational sense and are disposed in axial alignment
with a gyratory element 10 interposed therebetween The element 10
includes ferrites, the latter having the general formula RO Fe 203 in
which R stands for a bivalent metal ion The ferrites are those
containing bivalent ions of magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, iron,
cobalt, manganese, or mixtures thereof.
Disposed with the north and south poles 11 and 12 in axial alignment
with the spirals 5 and 6 is an electromagnetic device 13 having a coil
14 and means 15 for controlling the strength of magnetic field In
operation the magnetic field impressed across the body is selected to
as to produce a gyro-resonant effect in the body The spiral 5 is
arranged so that the conductor thereof is of a length to produce
resonance at the operating frequency and the curvature thereof is such
that the electric fields at two points spaced apart 90 along the
spiral conductor are in quadrature The spiral 5 lauches the wave
energy with circular polarisation in a directional sense compatible to
the directional rotation of gyro-resonance in the body 10.
The input wave energy is accordingly passed 70 practically lossless by
the body 10 and i.
picked up by the spiral 6 which corresponds in rotational sense to
spiral 5 and translates the circular polarised wave to linear
polarisation for propagation along the output 75 waveguide structure
Any wave energy flowing in the reverse direction over the output
connection B is launched by spiral 6 in a circular polarisation having
a rotational sense opposite to that of the input wave 80 energy
launched by spiral 5 In view of this opposed relationship the wave

energy launched in t; reverse direction by spiral 6 is completely
absorbed in the body 10 thereby insuring a unilateral direction of 85
propagation through the coupling device.
In the manufacture of the coupling device according to our invention
the size and con figuration of the conductors 2, 2 a, 5 and 6 are
predetermined and covered with a suit 9 ( able acid resistant material
The portions of the conductors 1 and la to be retained are also
covered with the acid resistant material.
By known etching process the unwanted portions of the conductive
layers are removed 95 leaving the desired configurations of the
conductors This operation obviously can be repeated accurately for
production purposes.
The tubular wall 4 is connected as by soldering to the conductors 1
and la, and may 100 include a flange 4 a to overlap the strip
extensions 7 and 8 This housing is desirable for the purpose of
enclosing the coupling device and also to effect shielding against
loss due to radiation 105 In Figs 6, 7 and 8, a second embodiment is
shown which is completely shielded The unit comprises an input
waveguide 16 and an output waveguide 17 coupled together by a
cylindrical housing 18 Each of the wave 110 guides is in the form of a
coaxial line preferably of the rectangular form comprising an outer
conductor 19 and an inner conductor 20 The inner conductor 20 is shown
to be of flat strip form and supported by 115 solid dielectric 21
which fills the outer conductor 19 It will be understood, of course,
that the coaxial line may be an air line in which case the centre
conductor 20 is provided with spacers at points therealong, and 120 as
an alternative the waveguide may be of the sandwich type comprising
only the upper and lower parallel walls with the centre conductor
sandwiched therebetween In either case, the centre conductor is termin
125 ated centrally of the housing 18 and provided with a spiral
portion 22 to effect circular polarisation of the wave energy The two
spiral portions 22 and 23 are disposed in axial and parallel spaced
relation and the 130 relation about said spiral conductors.
A coupling device according to any one of claim 1 to 3 wherein each
said transducer comprises a section of waveguide in 65 cluding one
conductor which is electrically connected to the spiral conductor of
the transducer.
6 A coupling device according to claim 5, wherein each said waveguide
section com 70 prises a first conductor and a second conductor
mutually disposed in dielectrically spaced parallel relation, said
first conductor being wider than said second conductor to present
thereto an extended surface for elec 75 trical field distribution of
radio frequency waves propagated therealong, and said second conductor
serving as said one conductor.

7 A coupling device according to claim 6, wherein each said waveguide
section in 80 cludes a strip of dielectric material which serves to
space apart the conductors of the section, said strip being extended
beyond the end of said first conductor to support the spiral conductor
of the associated transducer 85 spirals are in the same rotation sense
so that when a magnetic field is applied between the north and south
poles 24 and 25 wave propagation will pass through the ferrite body 26
in one direction and be inhibited in the opposite direction.
The outer conductor 19 of each of the waveguides is connected to the
housing 18 so that the housing completely shields the spirals 22 and
23 and the ferrite body 26.
Where the waveguides are of the sandwiched type the inner and outer
conductors thereof including the spirals may be formed by printed
circuit technique.
Regardless of the type of waveguide connection for the radio frequency
coupling device, suitable transducers may be provided for coupling to
other types of waveguides.
The rectangular waveguide 16, for example, may be coupled directly to
a circular coaxial line by means of a gradual reshaping section or to
a hollow rectangular waveguide by means of a ridge transducer coupled
to the centre conductor The rectangular coaxial waveguide may also be
coupled directly to a Microstrip waveguide by connecting the centre
conductor to the line conductor and the outer conductor to the planar
or ground conductor of the Microstrip waveguide.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785097 (A)
Description: GB785097 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres for use either on
normal ground surfaces or on ground surfaces which are loose or yielding

F ar, n-' go fat 1;
PATENT SPECIFICATION p Ati 785,097
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 3, 1955.
No 31470/55.
Application made in Italy on Nov II, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Class 144 ( 2), C 3 (B 12: D 3).
International Classification: -B 62 g.
Improvements relating to Pneumatic Vehicle Wheel Tyres for use either
on Normal Ground Surfaces' or on Ground Surfaces which are Loose or
Yielding We, PIRELLI SOCIETA PER AZIONI, a Limited Liability Company
organised under the Laws of Italy, of 94, Viale Abruzzi, Milan, Italy,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres for use either
on normal ground surfaces or on ground surfaces which are loose or
yielding The term "ground surfaces" includes both road surfaces and
surfaces off the road, e g the surfaces of fields and like
agricultural areas, and "loose or yielding" means either in the dry
condition of the ground surface, as in the case for example of a sandy
or soft and crumbly soil surface, or in a wet (e g muddy) or snow
covered condition.
The object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of
tyre which will ensure good running properties in respect of the tyre,
including optimum road traction, irrespective of which type of ground
surface the tyre is running on, whether it be the normal hard (solid)
type, e g a normal road surface, or the loose or yielding type as
above referred to.
It is known that tyres required for use on loose or yielding ground
surfaces, for example rough clay soil or muddy, marshy or sandy soil,
should have greater cross-sectional dimensions than those which are
typical (for a given diameter of tyre) of tyres for use on road
surfaces of normal hardness The greater cross-sectional dimensions
tend to reduce the specific pressure exerted by the tyre upon the
ground and correspondingly to limit or avoid the embedding of the tyre
theteinto.
Such larger dimension tyres require, however, that the vehicle to be
fitted with them shall be specially designed to accommodate the large
dimensions of the tyre Alternatively it is impossible to use the

vehicle on certain types of ground surfaces In addition such larger
dimensioned tyres are considerably more costly to produce than a
normal tyre.
According to the present invention, there is provided a pneumatic
vehicle wheel tyre hav 50 ing a main tread whose peripheral surface is
substantially flat in the cross-section of the tyre and whose width is
not substantially less than two-thirds of the maximum width of the
carcass portion of the tyre, and at each side of 55 said main tread,
at a position inset, radially of the tyre, from the lateral boundary
of said peripheral surface, a supplementary tread adapted to come into
operation only when the tyre is used on a ground surface which is 60
loose or yielding, said supplementary tread being constituted by an
annular shoulder extending continuously or discontinuously along the
tyre, said shoulder being of such form in the cross-section of the
tyre that its 65 radially outwardly directed surface or (in the case
of a shoulder extending discontinuously) surfaces conform, in the
unloaded condition of the tyre, to-the surface of a cone frustum
disposed with its base towards the mid-circum 70 ferential plane of
the tyre,:the angle of conicity of the frustum being such that along
the portion of the tyre which is squeezed and in consequence
compressed against the ground when the tyre is under load, the line in
the cross 75 section of the tyre of said radially outwardly directed
surface or surfaces lies substantially parallel to the rotational axis
of the tyre, having been brought to this position by the compression
of the tyre 80 With a tyre embodying this invention the effect when
the tyre is used on a loose or yielding ground surface is that the
tread portion of the tyre embeds itself in the ground, forming -a rut
in which the tyre as a whole is guided 85 with consequent maximum road
traction, even on very crumbly soil At the same time the further
important effect is achieved -that the shoulders on the two sides of
the tyre, by coming into contact with the ground surface in 90 f 1 /
l,', ' 7 C, 7-11l? _r 1 j '11 L) ' 1-Z 1 1 ' 1 J 1-'1, t 2 785,097
consequence of the embedding of the tread contact therewith During
running of the tyre portion of the tyre therein, add their quota of on
a loose or yielding ground surface as above load supporting surface to
that of said tread referred to, owing to the embedding of the portion,
so further ensuring good running tyre into said surface, not only is
the main properties to the tyre tread in engagement with the surface
but also 70 The shoulders will generally be suitably the radially
outwardly directed surfaces of the buttressed from the side wall
portion of the shoulders 3, with the result that these tyre, either by
circumferentially spaced radial shoulders participate in the load
supporting webs or by gradually merging the line of the function of
the tyre, increasing the effective profile of the shoulders, in the

cross-section of width of the load supporting zone of the tyre 75 the
tyre, into the line of the profile of the side surface from L, the
width of the main tread, wall portion of the tyre to LW, the overall
width of the main tread plus The shoulders are preferably moulded in
the two shoulders 3 The effect is illustrated one integral unit with
the side wa W and main clearlyin Figure 2, where the lower part of
tread portions of the tyre the tyre, where the latter is squeezed and
in 80 The: invention-will now be further des consequence compressed
against the ground cribed with reference to the accompanying Surface
under the load P, is represented to the drawings, which illustrate a
generally pre left of the mid-circumferential plane of the : ferred
embodiment by way of example tyre as running on a normal ground
surface -In these drawings:: and to the right on a loose or yielding
ground 85 Figure 1 is a cross-section through the tyre surface.
in the non-loading condition thereof, and The angle a, which may be
any convenient -: Figure 2 is a cross-section through the lower angle
between 91 and 140 , should be so part-of the tyre when the latter is
in the loaded chosen that along the aforesaid lower portion condition,
the said lower part being the part of the tyre the radially outwardly
directed sur 90 which is squeezed against the ground, with faces of
the shoulders 3 are, in the crossresulting -deformation of the tyre,
under the section of the tyre, parallel or nearly so to the load P
applied to the tyre along the line of the rotational axis of the tyre,
having been arrow indicated in the figure brought to this position in
consequence of The tyre shown comprises a tread 1 whose deformation of
the tyre section under the load 95 peripheral (ground contacting)
surface is P, which deformation involves a flexing to a nearly flat in
the cross-section of the tyre, a smaller radius of the side wall
portions of the carcass 2 and two supplementary treads as tyre to
which the shoulders are integrally hereinbefore -referred to formed
respectively connected.
by a pair of annular shoulders 3 The tyre is Otherwise expressed, the
magnitude of the 100 shown in mounted position on a wheel rim 4 angle
a should be such, having regard to the and is assumed to be inflated
extent to which the section of the tyre deforms The shoulders 3 are
composed of any suit along the portion which is squeezed against able
rubber compound and form a unitary the ground surface when the tyre is
under moulded structure with the main tread 1 and load, that while in
the rest (non-loaded) con 105 the carcass 2, being located in each
case at a -dition of the tyre the lines of the radially p 6 sition
inset, radially of the tyre, by a dis directed surfaces of the
shoulders 3 form, in tance H from the lateral boundary of the peri the
cross-section of the tyre, the angle P with -: pheral siurface of the
main tread 1, at which the rotational axis of the tyre and therefore

-position they are disposed as shown adjacent -with a line-normal to
the mid-circumferential 110 the radially outermost zones of the side
walls -plane of the tyre and passing through the zone of the carcass
of junction of the periphery of the shoulder The sides of the main
tread 1 make in each with the side of the main tread 1, this angle
case (considering the tyre in the unloaded con is reduced along the
portion of the tyre which dition thereof, and therefore considering
the in the loaded condition thereof is squeezed 115 portion of the
tyre which is not in contact against the ground surface to a value
equal or -with the ground when the tyre is in use) an nearly equal to
zero, with the result that the obtuse angle a with the radially
outwardly angle included between the periphery (radially directed
surface of the adjacent shoulder 3, -outwardly directed surface) of
the shoulder the angle a beiig of -such magnitude that said and the
side of the main tread assumes a value 120 -radially outwardly
directed surface conforms a equal or nearly equal to /? substantially
to the surface of a cone frustum The width of the main tread may be of
any having its base directed towards the mid-cir:convenient magnitude
not substantially less cuhferential plane of the tyre and the line of
than two-thirds of the width C of the carcass the surface, in the
cross-section of the tyre, portion of the tyre and the overall width L
1 of 125 being disposed at an angle P to the rotational the ground
contacting zone of the tyre made axis of the tyre up of the width of
the main tread 1 and the During the running of the tyre on afnormal
-combined widths of the two supplementary (hard) ground: surface, e g
a normal road suf treads formed by the shoulders 3, may be of face,
only the main tread of the tyre is in any desired magnitude up to or,
as in the 130 78,9 particular embodiment of the invention illustrated,
greater than said overall width C The increase in the width of the
load carrying surface of the tyre from L to L' is limited only by
practical overall requirements due to the dimension L' and, as will be
understood, the effect of said increase is to provide for a greater
distribution of the load P on a working length of the load supporting
area of the tyre (Figure 2) measured along the line of the
mid-circumference of the tyre.
The present invention may be applied to tyres of conventional
construction, the carcass of the tyre being formed of several super->
imposed plies each consisting of an assembly of cords laid parallel to
one another in the ply and composed of a material of natural,
artificial or synthetic origin, the plies being arranged in such a way
that the cords are alternately crossed in the various layers The
invention may also be applied to tyres constructed in accordance with
the inventions described in the Specifications of United Kingdom
Patents No 700,435, No 726,810, No 755,990, and No 769,325.

As already indicated, the shoulders 3 may be either continuous or
discontinuous (interrupted) circumferentially of the tyre and the
extent to which the shoulders are inset from the lateral boundary of
the peripheral surface of the main tread may be such that when the
tyre is running on a normal ground surface only the main tread comes
into contact therewith, even when the tread pattern thereof is worn
down completely by abrasion.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

4686 4690.output

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (9)

Ähnlich wie 4686 4690.output

Ähnlich wie 4686 4690.output (20)

Mehr von j1075017

Mehr von j1075017 (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

4686 4690.output