The document discusses balance disorders and how the balance system works. It describes how the inner ear, eyes, and skeletal systems interact to maintain balance. It provides details on different types of balance disorders like BPPV and Meniere's disease. It also discusses medical treatments for balance disorders like vestibular suppressants and vasodilators as well as procedures like Epley's maneuver.

1. Betahistine

2. Flight or Gait

3. Inner Ear

12. Referral for vertigo Internal medicine GI disorder Nausea vomiting Posture and balance control negative No spont an eous nystagmus Cardiology Angina, MI Chest pain Sweating, tachycardia Psychiatry Anxiety Neurology Otology Brainstem infarct Vestibular neuronitis, Meniére disease Numbness, double vision, dysarthria Loss of hearing, tinnitus „ Dysharmonic” vestibular sy „ Harmonic” vestibular sy Nausea, vomiting, sweating, anxiety Posture and balance control positive Spont an eous nystagmus

13. Duration of vertigo multiple sclerosis cerebellar degenerations acustic neurinoma, drug toxicity Weeks, Month VB stroke vestibular neuronitis labyrinthitis Days basilar migraine Meni é re disease (Half) hours VB-TIA, aura of migraine perilymph fistula Minutes VB-TIA, aura of epilepsy BPPV Seconds Central Peripheral Time

16. Effects & side effects

29. BPPV