Countable nouns refer to things that can be counted, such as dogs, pens, bottles, and coins. They can be singular or plural, and require an article like "a" or "the" when singular. Uncountable nouns refer to substances or abstract concepts that cannot be counted, such as milk, music, or furniture. They are usually treated as singular and do not take an article. Both countable and uncountable nouns can be used with quantifiers like "some" or "any".

1. Countable Nouns Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countablenouns: dog, cat, animal, man, person bottle, box, litre coin, note, dollar cup, plate, fork table, chair, suitcase, bag Countable nouns can be singular or plural: My dogisplaying. My dogs arehungry.

2. We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns: A dog is an animal. When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it: I want an orange. (not I want orange.) Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

3. When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: I likeoranges. Bottles can break. We can use some and any with countable nouns: I'vegotsomedollars. Have you got any pens?

4. Uncountable Nouns Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountablenouns: music, art, love, happiness advice, information, news furniture, luggage rice, sugar, butter, water electricity, gas, power money, currency

5. We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. Forexample: This news is very important. Yourluggagelooks heavy. We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something of: a piece ofnews a bottle ofwater a grain of rice

6. We can use some and any with uncountable nouns: I'vegotsomemoney. Have you got any rice?

7. CONVERSATION: For offering foods and drinks we use WOULD: Let`s see: Would you like a sandwich? Yes, please How about some lemonade? No, thanks. I don`t like lemonade

8. READING: BIRTHDAYS. In some regions in Canada they serve a birthday cake which has a coin in it. The person who finds it is the first to get a turn at all the party games. Canadians also hold a sweet sixteen party for girls In Hong Kong people serve long noodles for lunch in honor of the birthday child. They are a symbol of long time In central and south America people make a piñata, a paper animal filled with candy and toys, and hang it up. Blindfolded children try to hit it with a stick to break it open and get the goodies.