3. Planning
Takes into consideration
Available and prospective human and
physical resources of the organization
To get effective co-ordination, contribution
& perfect adjustment
4. Planning
Is a mental predisposition to do things in
orderly way
To think before acting
To act in the light of facts rather than
guesses
Is deciding best alternatives among
others
To perform different managerial functions
in order to achieve predetermined goals.
5. Planning Defined
Planning is deciding in advance what to do,
how to do and who is to do it.
Planning makes possible things to occur.
6. Steps in the Planning Process
Establishment of objectives
Establishment of planning premises
Choice of Alternative course of action
Formulation of derivative plans
Securing co-operation
Follow up/Appraisal of plans
9. Steps in the Decision Making
Process
Define the problem
Identify the limiting factors
Develop potential alternatives
Analyze the alternatives select the best
alternative
Implement the decision
Establish a control and evaluation system
10. Steps in the Decision Making
Process
Define the problem
Identify the limiting factors
Develop potential alternatives
Analyze the alternatives select the best
alternative
Implement the decision
Establish a control and evaluation system
