1.
Planning for
teaching
By
Dr. I. Uma Maheswari
iuma_maheswari@yahoo.co.in

2.
Planning for teaching
• Efficient and wise planning is the basis of
successful teaching.
• Planning begins with the goals of teaching
learning situation.
• Planning should be done in terms of the
goals to be achieved.

3.
The stages in planning should be:
• Year planning: This determines the
content to be taught in various periods of
a year.
• Unit plan: This includes organization of
the selected materials into meaningful
segments of activity and experience.
• Lesson plan: This is a plan for the daily
work in the classroom.

4.
Year plan
• Year plan is an overall course plan consisting of
units and lessons.
• Teacher may consult different textbooks and
instructional materials to plan.
• The yearly plan provides a fresh look to the
learning experiences to be arranged for pupils
and their relationship with the outcomes of
education.
• While planning for the year, the syllabus is
analyzed and topics are listed.

5.
• The topics are further analyzed into sub-
topics.
• An overall plan for the year is prepared in
terms of facilities, resources, time etc.
• A teacher should record the time taken for
completing various units.
• The actual teaching is the feed back on
the basis of which teacher can modify the
next yearly plan if necessary.

6.
Format
No Topic Sub-topic
Nature of
approach
Facilities &
Resources
Time

7.
Unit plan:
• A unit plan is a detailed outline for a series
of interrelated lessons on a selected topic
of study, which lasts for two to four weeks.
• Unit planning is an organized instructional
material, which teachers develop and
select from the available sources to impart
instruction.

8.
• Each sub – topic or unit is analysed and
the general instructional objectives are
stated.
• Each general instructional objective is
further analysed and stated into specific
instructional objectives in terms of terminal
behaviours of the learner.
• Then teaching points are prepared,
teaching methods are identified, teaching
aids are selected and methods of
evaluation are decided.

9.
• Resource materials for further learning like
reference books, films, film – strips etc.
are also listed.
• Further time needed for each instructional
objective is to be estimated and allocated.

10.
unit plan considers the following aspects.
– “why” aspect – deciding and stating
instructional objectives.
– “what” aspect – analysis of the unit.
– “How” aspect – method and learning
experiences.
– “Evidence for achievement” – tool for
evaluation.

11.
Format
Subject: class:
Unit :
General Instructional Objectives:
1. …………….
2. …………….
3. …………….
S.No Topics No of
Lessons
Time required Specific
Instruction
&
Objectives
Teaching
method
Teaching
Aids
1
2
3
4
5

12.
Lesson Plan
• After planning for the unit we have to
concentrate on the lesson plan.
• Lesson plan is actually a plan of action.
• The teacher has to decide his work in a
particular period.
• He has to plan his tools and materials.
• Lesson plan is a teacher’s mental and
emotional visualization of classroom
activities.

13.
• For successful and effective teaching,
lesson plan is very essential.
• Lesson plan explains the objective to be
fulfilled and the teaching methods and aids
to be used.
• A lesson plan is a blue print, a guide map,
a creative piece of work and the chart for
classroom teaching in one period.
• It is systematic approach for the
development of concepts, skills,
understanding etc.

14.
• lesson plan is an experience of anticipated
teaching.
• Its focus is mainly on learning outcome of
the learner, and the procedure for learning
process.
• The vivid imagination of the classroom
situation speaks of the classroom
experience.

15.
For effective anticipation experience, the
pre-requisites are:
• Mastery of subject matter, the materials
and activities.
• Through knowledge of the environmental
forces. I.e., previous knowledge and
experience of the learners.
• Understanding of psychology of mental
process and laws of learning.
• Understanding of teaching techniques –
goals, aims, skills, methods etc

16.
Advantages of lesson planning:
• It helps to think about meaningful learning
experiences to be provided in the classroom.
• It helps to identify specific objectives related to
particular lesson. This in turn may help to
determine the line of action to be provided in
the classroom.
• It helps students to learn specific concepts,
skills and values.
• It provides an outline of content and activities.

17.
• It provides opportunity to select and
organize activities that may be helpful in
achieving the objectives.
• It eliminates the chance of trial and error
in teaching.
• It helps to select proper content in
relation to the specific objectives.
• It serves as a creative piece of work
where a teacher can utilize his
knowledge, skills, materials and
experiences.

18.
• It provides situation for physical intellectual
and social involvement.
• It helps teacher to provide opportunity for
pupils to satisfy their interests.
• It helps visualize the need of the mixed
ability of the pupils.
• It develops confidence in the science
teacher to teach systematically in a
planned and organized way.

19.
Bases of lesson plan
A lesson plan is based on the following
theoretical assumptions.
• Preliminary knowledge and abilities
required.
• Steps followed in writing lesson plan.
• Evaluation of lesson plan.

20.
Preliminary knowledge and
abilities:
• Identification of teaching points or
concepts.
• Writing specific objectives.
• Developing learning activities.
• Selecting appropriate teaching
strategies.
• Identifying relevant instructional
materials.
• Writing the test items.

21.
Steps in lesson planning:
• General information
• Identification of teaching points
• Writing Instructional Objectives
• Teaching Aids
• Motivation
• Presentation
• Recapitulation
• Home Assignment

22.
FORMAT OF A LESSON PLAN
Lesson plan
Name of the trainee : Name of the school :
Subject : Standard :
Unit : Date :
Topic : Time :
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
The pupil,
• acquires knowledge about ……………….
• understands ……………….
• applies the knowledge of ……………..in …………….
• acquires the skill of drawing ………………
• develops interest in …………….

23.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCIONAL OBJECTIVES: The pupil
1. defines ………………….
2. states ………………….
3. explains ……………….
4. differentiates ………….
5. compares ………………..
6. uses …………….
7. draws ……………….
8. collects / prepares …………….
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS:
1. ……………
2. ……………
3. ……………

24.
TEACHING METHOD:
Steps Content Specific
Behavioural
objectives
Teacher
activities
Students
activities
Evaluation
Motivation
Presentation
Review
Assignment
Signature of the guide teacher Signature of the trainee

25.
Characteristics of an effective
lesson plan
A good lesson plan should
• include clearly mentioned instructional
objectives.
• include teaching aid’s how and when to be
used.
• include motivation techniques.
• include evaluation techniques.

26.
• include student centred activities.
• be based on teaching skills including set
induction and closure.
• show connection between previous
lessons and future lessons.
• provide sufficient scope for mixed ability
grouping.
• anticipate pupils difficulties and
questions.
• encourage thought provoking and
interesting questions from students.

27.
• provide effective illustrations throughout the
period.
• include relevant home assignment.
• provide opportunity to practice skills.
• provide enough opportunity to use new
methods of teaching.
• provide proper time allocation.
• provide for individual differences.
• be relevant to actual situation with particular
reference to the institution, its philosophy and
practices, syllabus, timetable and socio-
economic-cultural background of the learners.