Natural vegetation and Wildlife

2. Natural Vegetation
A plant community that has not been
disturbed over along period.
Virgin Vegetation Plants which grow naturally without
any human resources.
Eco-system
An ecosystem is a community of living
organisms in conjunction with
the nonliving components of their
environment interacting as a system.
Wildlife Santuary
It is similar to national park but is
dedicated to protect wildlife and
conserve species.

3. Vegetation is a very general term for the plant life; it refers to the ground
cover provided by plants.
It is broader than the term flora which refers exclusively to species
composition.
Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and often
does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales
as large as the global.
Primeval redwood forests, coastal mangrove stands, sphagnum bogs, desert
soil crusts, roadside weed patches, wheat fields, cultivated gardens and lawns; all
are encompassed by the term vegetation.
Much of the work on vegetation classification comes from European and North
American ecologists, and they have fundamentally different approaches.

4. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in
conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water
and mineral soil), interacting as a system.
These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through
nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of
interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment.
Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of
an ecosystem.
Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic
disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance.
Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes
of disturbance and succession..

5. The wildlife in India comprises a mix of species of different types of organisms.
The region's rich and diverse wildlife is preserved in 89 national parks, 18 Bio
reserves and 400+ wildlife sanctuaries across the country.
 Since India is home to a number of rare and threatened animal species, wildlife
management in the country is essential to preserve these species. According to one
study, India along with 17 mega diverse countries is home to about 60-70 % of the
world's biodiversity.
India, lying within the Indomalaya ecozone, is home to about 7.6% of
all mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.
Soon thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia through too zoogeographical
t passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.

6. Natural Vegetation Wild LifeEco-System

7.  Natural vegetation and animal life are also called flora
and fauna respectively.
Natural vegetation and animal life depend on climate,
relief and soil.
There are 5 types of vegetation.
They are (i) Tropical evergreen forest
(ii) Tropical deciduous forest
(iii) Tropical thorn forest and scrubs
(iv) Montane forest
(v) Mangrove forest.

8. The heavy rainfall, high
temperature and
humidity are responsible
for the growth of these
dense forests.
This type of vegetation is
found in areas where
rainfall is above 250 cms
and temperature ranges
between 250C and 270C.
The trees grow about 60
mts. high. The branches
of trees form a canopy
and prevent the sun's
rays from reaching the
ground.
The semievergreen
forests are found in the
lower rainfall areas of
the Western Ghats,
Orissa and West Bengal.
Ebony, mahogany, rose-
wood and rubber are the
important trees.

9. These forests are also
called monsoon forests.
They cover a greater part
of India.
They are found in regions
where the rainfall is
between 75cms. and 250
cms.
These forests are found
on the eastern slopes of
the Western Ghats,
Jammu, West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh, Orissa,
Bihar and Jharkhand. In
these forests, the trees
are fewer and shorter.
Bamboos and canes are
also grown here. The trees
shed their leaves at the
beginning of summer. The
important trees of these
forests are teak, sal and
sandal-wood.

10. The annual rainfall is
between 60 and 75
cms.
These forests have
short stemmed trees
like Babul andKasavi
trees and coarse grass.
These forests are found
in the central parts of
the Deccan Plateau,
southern parts of
Maharashtra, Bellary of
Karnataka, Cuddapha
and Kurnool of Andhra
Pradesh.
Palms and kikar trees
are also found here.

11. These forests are formed
due to tides so there are
also called as tidal forests.
They are found along the
deltas and estuaries of
rivers that are subjected
to tides.
The deltas of rivers Ganges,
Godavari, Mahanadi and
Krishna have these forests.
In the Ganges delta, there
are plenty of Sundari trees
and the forests are known
as ‘Sunderbans’.
These trees are used for
making furniture and
boats. These forests also
yield firewood and tanning
material. Canes, palms and
"Kendale" trees are also
found here.

12. Different types of
vegetation are found in the
Himalayan mountains. The
lower regions of the
Himalayas have tropical
evergreen forests upto
1,500 mts.
Teak, sal and rose-wood are
the important trees.
Temperate forests are
found between 1,500 to
3,650 mts.
The vegetation changes
with altitude and rainfall.
Other names are coniferous
forest and alpine
vegetation.
The important trees of this
vegetation are silver fir,
oak, spruce, laurels,
chestnut etc. Grasslands
are found in altitude
between 3,650 to 4,875
mts.